La schivata: una introduzione ad Iris Murdoch filosofa

This paper does not aim at explaining Murdoch’s philosophy, but at introducing to it, by pointing out how to approach it. Murdoch’s philosophical writing distinguishes itself from her narrative writing: between these two forms there is no continuity and yet they are not completely separated. There are exchanges between the two, which can be rightly understood thanks to the notion of “asymmetry without complementarity”. From this exchanges a kind of mobility is produced thanks to which Murdoch’s philosophy succeeds in avoiding to usurp the authority which belongs to reality. But which reality are we referring to? The one we encounter in living practical experience. Practical experience can become richer thanks to the mediating work that makes use of words and is guided by love. This work, however, neither aims at, nor brings to, a dialectic synthesis that conciliates every duality. To understand this point, in addition to Simone Weil’s thought, it is useful to recall Peirce’s conception of semiosis: indeed, thirdness is not a synthesis, but the condition of a movement which is not mere repetition

The Symbolic Independence From Power

Muraro's article begins from the philosophical question of the ‘unthought', and asks how our very image of thought is transformed when the thinking subject is a woman, and her thought is specifically linked to the experience of a body. On the basis of a feminist interrogation of sexual difference which reveals the forms of violence inherent in certain claims to universality, Muraro tries to develop a thinking of politics which would rest on its symbolic distance or independence from power. Through readings of Freud, Macbeth, Saint Paul and women's narratives, Muraro investigates the dangers borne by the fusion of power and politics and explores the ways in which they could be disjoined

Feminismos del siglo XXI

Este texto discute cuestiones de políticas, prácticas y discursos feministas. Habla de la ambigüedad en el feminismo que busca la normalidad, y, a la vez, una ruptura con ésta. Expone el hecho de que los que intentan "exportar" la democracia usan las mujeres para objetivos políticos. Por otra parte, el capitalismo, predicando el goce sin límite, en lugar de proporcionarlo a las mujeres, las ha convertido incluso más en objetos de deseo. Muraro y Cigarini explican cómo el miedo de las mujeres a sufrir la violencia de género ha permitido a la sociedad patriarcal controlar más a las mujeres. No se logrará un cambio de verdad hasta que los hombres no sean capaces de cuestionar su propia sexualidad e imaginario. Opinan que el feminismo "exportado" siempre es incompatible con las tradiciones culturales, religiosas o nacionalistas, ya que las feministas son mujeres que no aceptan ni la subordinación ni la asimilación a los hombres. Finalmente, afirman que no creen que se haya hecho una lectura demasiado positiva de la tradición femenina.Lia Cigarini and Luisa Muraro discuss issues of feminist politics, practices and discourses. They talk about the ambiguity in today's feminism which seeks normality and, at the same time, a breaking-off. They discuss the fact that women are used for political goals by those who try to "export" democracy. On the other hand, capitalism, preaching pleasure without limits, instead of securing women's pleasure, it has turned them even more into objects of pleasure. Muraro and Cigarini explain how women's fear of suffering gender violence has enabled patriarchal society to exercise more control over them and how a real breakthrough can bot be achieved as long as men are capable of questioning their own sexuality and imaginary. They believe "exported" feminism is always incompatible with cultural, religious or nationalist traditions, since feminists are women who accept neither subordination to men. Finally, the authors state they do not believe feminism has made a too positive reading of female tradition