Lower trophic level studies in the marginal sea-ice zone

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 198

A Compilation of Global Bio-Optical in Situ Data for Ocean-Colour Satellite Applications

A compiled set of in situ data is important to evaluate the quality of ocean-colour satellite-data records. Here we describe the data compiled for the validation of the ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI). The data were acquired from several sources (MOBY, BOUSSOLE, AERONET-OC, SeaBASS, NOMAD, MERMAID, AMT, ICES, HOT, GePandCO), span between 1997 and 2012, and have a global distribution. Observations of the following variables were compiled: spectral remote-sensing reflectances, concentrations of chlorophyll α, spectral inherent optical properties and spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients. The data were from multi-project archives acquired via the open internet services or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. No changes were made to the original data, other than averaging of observations that were close in time and space, elimination of some points after quality control and conversion to a standard format. The final result is a merged table designed for validation of satellite-derived ocean-colour products and available in text format. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) were preserved throughout the work and made available in the final table. Using all the data in a validation exercise increases the number of matchups and enhances the representativeness of different marine regimes. By making available the metadata, it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.854832 (Valente et al., 2015)

Creativity and Information Systems in a Hypercompetitive Environment: A Literature Review

In today’s hypercompetitive environment in which markets change rapidly and competitive advantages are difficult to sustain, companies are forced to innovate and identify new business opportunities. However, innovation requires ingenuity and creativity. Product and service development depends on the creativity of employees, but harvesting and bringing novel ideas to fruition is often a chaotic process, which underscores the importance of creativity management within organizations. In this article, we review the literature on creativity in an effort to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge on how to stimulate creativity and spur innovation in modern organizations. For that purpose, we use Rhodes’ 4-Ps model (1961) distinguishing between creative environments (called press), people, products, and processes. Through a review of 110 journals on the AIS journal list, this article offers insights―based on eighty-eight articles―into how creativity can be stimulated and supported by attending to each of these components. The literature teaches us how to utilize, evaluate, and strategize about creativity in organizational settings. Managers are advised to advance creativity and ideation processes, for example by building virtual environments that strengthen collaboration and creativity across organizational boundaries. Researchers are encouraged to investigate the relationship between strategy and information systems (IS) usage in fostering creativity

Silicon hyperuniform disordered photonic materials with a pronounced gap in the shortwave infrared

The mesoscale fabrication of silicon hyperuniform disordered materials with a broad and pronounced photonic gap in the shortwave infrared is reported. Due to their unique structure and their high refractive index, these fascinating materials are predicted to possess a complete photonic bandgap in the absence of any long-range order

Meta-model Pruning

Large and complex meta-models such as those of Uml and its profiles are growing due to modelling and inter-operability needs of numerous\ud stakeholders. The complexity of such meta-models has led to coining\ud of the term meta-muddle. Individual users often exercise only a small\ud view of a meta-muddle for tasks ranging from model creation to construction\ud of model transformations. What is the effective meta-model that represents\ud this view? We present a flexible meta-model pruning algorithm and\ud tool to extract effective meta-models from a meta-muddle. We use\ud the notion of model typing for meta-models to verify that the algorithm\ud generates a super-type of the large meta-model representing the meta-muddle.\ud This implies that all programs written using the effective meta-model\ud will work for the meta-muddle hence preserving backward compatibility.\ud All instances of the effective meta-model are also instances of the\ud meta-muddle. We illustrate how pruning the original Uml metamodel\ud produces different effective meta-models

Photonic hyperuniform networks obtained by silicon double inversion of polymer templates

Hyperuniform disordered networks belong to a peculiar class of structured materials predicted to display isotropic complete photonic bandgaps for a refractive index contrast larger than 3. The practical realization of such photonic designer materials is challenging, however, as it requires control over a multi-step fabrication process on optical length scales. Here we report the direct-laser writing of three-dimensional hyperuniform polymeric templates followed by a silicon double inversion procedure leading to high-quality network structures made of polycrystalline silicon. We observe a pronounced gap in the shortwave infrared centered at a wavelength of Gap≃2.5  μm, in good agreement with numerical simulations. In the experiments the typical structural length scale can be varied between 2 and 1.54 μm, leading to a blueshift of the gap accompanied by an increase of the silicon filling fraction

Le sacrifice du sauveur ? Mort et transfiguration de Gustave Adolphe de Suède dans la propagande protestante de 1632 à nos jours

Dès son débarquement en Allemagne, le roi de Suède Gustave Adolphe a été présenté par la propagande protestante comme l’envoyé du Très-Haut pour sauver le protestantisme allemand, en l’insérant dans une histoire du salut quelque peu laïcisée. Une vague d’écrits et de feuilles volantes illustrées accompagne sa campagne victorieuse. Après sa mort, l’accent va être mis sur son sacrifice et la comparaison avec le sacrifice du Christ apparaît même quelquefois. On affirme aussi que symboliquement il n’est pas mort et qu’il doit continuer d’inspirer la lutte contre « l’Antéchrist ». Après une relative éclipse au xviiie siècle, son souvenir est à nouveau fortement affirmé en Allemagne, sur le lieu de sa mort à Lützen, principalement à partir du 200e anniversaire de sa mort en 1832, et au début du xxe siècle, une chapelle à sa mémoire sera construite à cet endroit, associant, comme ce fut souvent le cas dès le début, le souvenir du roi à celui de Luther.Schon gleich nach seiner Landung hat die protestantische Propaganda den König von Schweden, Gustav Adolf, als Gottes Abgesandten, um den deutschen Protestantismus zu retten, dargestellt. Er wurde in einer Reihe biblische Helden hineingegliedert und so in einer ein wenig verweltlichten Heilsgeschichte eingesetzt. Sein siegreicher Feldzug war von einer Flut von Schriften und Flugblätter begleitet. Sein Tod wurde als Opfertod dargestellt und mehrmals mit Christis Opfer verglichen. Man schrieb auch, daß er symbolisch noch lebte und daß man ihn als Vorbild nehmen sollte in dem Kampf gegen den „Antichrist“. Nach relativer Verdunkelung im 18. Jahrhundert wurde im 19. Jahrhundert sein Andenken in Deutschland wieder stark bestätigt und das hauptsächlich in Lützen, wo er den Tod fand. In 1832 wurden die 200 Jahren nach seinem Tod feierlich begangen, und anfangs des 20. Jahrhunderts baute man an der Stelle der Schlacht eine Gedächtniskapelle, wo man Gustav Adolfs Erinnerung mit derer Luther vereinigte

PRIETZ (Frank Ulrich), Das Mittelalter im Dienst der Reformation : Die Chronica Carions und Melanchthons von 1532. Zur Vermittlung mittelalterlicher Geschichtskonzeptionen in die protestantische Historiographie

Cet ouvrage fort érudit est le résultat d’une thèse et débute, comme il est d’usage Outre-Rhin, par un état de la question très fouillé, en insistant sur l’histoire de la réception de la Chronica, aspect sur lequel l’auteur revient à de nombreuses reprises. Il s’agit en fait d’une œuvre publiée d’abord en haut-allemand en 1532 à Wittenberg, en bas-allemand en 1534, en latin en 1537, puis revue par Melanchthon et Caspar Peucer entre 1558 et 1565 et publiée alors généralement sous le nom de Chr..