Butchery and Plunder in God\u27s Name : The Causes of Oliver Cromwell\u27s 1649-1650 Irish Campaign

This thesis proposes to examine the campaign of Oliver Cromwell against the Irish in the years 1649-1650, and its immediate and long-range causes. This will be done by examining the campaign itself and the history of the English and Irish from their first meeting to the final confrontation between the Irish and Cromwell. The introduction looks at the events occurring, in England and Ireland, in 1649 and why Cromwell was called upon to mount a campaign against the Irish. The first chapter explores the Ulster Rising of 1641 and the eight years of war that followed, culminating in the arrival of Oliver Cromwell in 1649. Cromwell\u27s campaign is highlighted by two massacres, Drogheda and Wexford, committed on his orders, and the after effects of these atrocities. Chapter two examines the relationship of the English and Irish from their first meeting in 1172 until the Ulster Rising of 1641. The reasons why England invaded Ireland are scrutinized and the long term effects of that invasion are studied. The third chapter delves into the propaganda that the English used against the Irish and the consequences of that propaganda on both the English and Irish. Chapter four answers the two major questions of the thesis; Cromwell why did the English hate the Irish and why did resort to such violence in his campaign

The Icelandic Daily Press

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston Universit

Decision Tree Analysis as a Supplementary Tool to Enhance Histomorphological Differentiation when Distinguishing Human from Non-human Cranial Bone in both Burnt and Unburnt States: A feasibility study

This feasibility study was undertaken to describe and record the histological characteristics of burnt and unburnt cranial bone fragments from human and non-human bones. Reference series of fully mineralised, transverse sections of cranial bone, from all variables and specimen states were prepared by manual cutting and semi-automated grinding and polishing methods. A photomicrograph catalogue reflecting differences in burnt and unburnt bone from human and non-humans was recorded and qualitative analysis was performed using an established classification system based on primary bone characteristics. The histomorphology associated with human and non-human samples was, for the main part, preserved following burning at high temperature. Clearly, fibro-lamellar complex tissue subtypes, such as plexiform or laminar primary bone, were only present in non-human bones. A decision tree analysis based on histological features provided a definitive identification key for distinguishing human from non-human bone, with an accuracy of 100%. The decision tree for samples where burning was unknown was 96% accurate, and multi-step classification to taxon was possible with 100% accuracy. The results of this feasibility study, strongly suggest that histology remains a viable alternative technique if fragments of cranial bone require forensic examination in both burnt and unburnt states. The decision tree analysis may provide an additional, but vital tool to enhance data interpretation. Further studies are needed to assess variation in histomorphology taking into account other cranial bones, ontogeny, species and burning conditions

The Effect of Putrefaction of Eggs Upon Residue Analysis of DDT and Metabolites

In conjunction with environmental pollution studies, it often is necessary to analyze field-collected eggs that are partially decomposed. The effect of putrefaction upon residue analysis, however, is not known and the experiment reported here was designed to determine if recoveries of DDT, DDE, and DDD differed between fresh and addled eggs and also if putrefaction causes appreciable degradation of DDT

From collective periodic running states to completely chaotic synchronised states in coupled particle dynamics

We consider the damped and driven dynamics of two interacting particles evolving in a symmetric and spatially periodic potential. The latter is exerted to a time-periodic modulation of its inclination. Our interest is twofold: Firstly we deal with the issue of chaotic motion in the higher-dimensional phase space. To this end a homoclinic Melnikov analysis is utilised assuring the presence of transverse homoclinic orbits and homoclinic bifurcations for weak coupling allowing also for the emergence of hyperchaos. In contrast, we also prove that the time evolution of the two coupled particles attains a completely synchronised (chaotic) state for strong enough coupling between them. The resulting `freezing of dimensionality' rules out the occurrence of hyperchaos. Secondly we address coherent collective particle transport provided by regular periodic motion. A subharmonic Melnikov analysis is utilised to investigate persistence of periodic orbits. For directed particle transport mediated by rotating periodic motion we present exact results regarding the collective character of the running solutions entailing the emergence of a current. We show that coordinated energy exchange between the particles takes place in such a manner that they are enabled to overcome - one particle followed by the other - consecutive barriers of the periodic potential resulting in collective directed motion

Lux et Lex: Volume 2, Number 2

This issue of Lux et Lex, a publication of the Chester Fritz Library at the University of North Dakota, was published in April 1992

Personal Internalization of a Confederate Monument Removal Event Associated with Increased Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among University Students

This study sought to determine the association between racialized events relating to the removal of a Confederate monument and mental health outcomes among students at a Southern state-university in the United States. After the removal of a Confederate monument located on the university’s campus, racialized protests and violent clashes with police forces ensued. To assess the impact of these events on student mental health outcomes, a cross-sectional survey was disseminated to 10,000 current students. Student mental health was measured using the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). The key exposure, personal internalization of the event, was measured using the seven-question Centrality of Event Scale (CES) and was defined as the perceived importance of the racialized event for the students’ identity and life story. Student demographic information including race, ethnicity, gender, age, and minority status was collected anonymously. Logistic regression was used to compare mental health outcomes of students with high versus low personal internalization of the event, with an interaction term included to capture if the relationship was stronger among students who identified as a minority. After adjusting for minority status, higher internalization of the event was associated with adverse mental health outcomes (OR = 1.96 [95%CI, 1.18-3.25]). However, there was insufficient evidence to determine that minority status modified the results, which may be due to limited power. Overall, these findings demonstrate that increased internalization of the removal event was associated with adverse mental health outcomes among students during the first two weeks of the academic semester, underscoring the importance of state and university official’s consideration of the mental health implications of racial tensions arising from Confederate monument removal events for diverse student populations and strategies for mitigating these outcomes

Avian Cholera in a Bald Eagle from Ohio

Author Institution: Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland 20810, and Department of Veterinary Science (J. A. N.), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742Avian cholera (Pasteurella multocida) infection was diagnosed in an adult male bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) collected in Ohio. Brain levels of organochlorine pesticides were found to be well below the reported lethal levels; the brain contained 10.7 ppm p,p'-DDE, 0.4 ppm p,p'-DDD, 1.2 ppm dieldrin, 1.1 ppm heptachlor epoxide, and 40.0 ppm polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)

A Review of Scanning Tunneling Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope Imaging of Large Biological Structures: Problems and Prospects

The application of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and the atomic force microscope (AFM) to the study of small biological molecules, such as DNA and smaller molecules, has received considerable attention in the literature. This paper reviews STM and AFM studies of larger biological structures such as bacterial membranes, bacteriophages, viruses, antibodies, etc. The problems encountered in these applications are emphasized, with particular reference to the unknown conduction mechanism, tip-sample interaction forces, and tip-sample convolution artifacts in the images. The latter problem is illustrated by new results from IgG antibody complexes attached to a bacterial sheath layer. A new conduction mechanism involving a graphite film overlayer is suggested. The future prospects are discussed, with emphasis on the unique capabilities of these microscopes compared to conventional electron microscopes