Raman anemometry, a method for component-selective velocity measurements of particles in a flow

An anemometer for the measurement of the velocity of particles of different substances in a flow, separate and apart from that of the flow itself, is described. The substances are distinguished by Raman scattering. The velocity is obtained by relating the autocorrelated scattering signal to the known laser beam profile

A Raman anemometer for component-selective velocity measurements of particles in a flow

An anemometer for the measurement of the velocity of particles of different components in a flow, separate and apart from that of the flow itself, is described. As a component-selective mechanism Raman scattering is used. The velocity is measured by relating the autocorrelated scattering signal to the known laser beam profile

Analysis of controlled cooling of structurally heterogeneous technical systems in foundry industry

У цій праці поставлено задачу побудови вектора керування процесом керованого охолодження структурно-неоднорідної технічної системи. Досліджувану проблему зведено до неперервно-дискретної крайової задачі для систем диференціальних рівнянь першого порядку в нормальній формі. Використання властивостей опорних гіперплощин дозволило одержати вираз для вектора керування процесом охолодження. Для чисельного визначення цього вектора використано значення нормальних фундаментальних функцій розв’язків системи диференціальних рівнянь.In this paper it is formulated the problem of a control vector construction for the process of controlled cooling of a structurally heterogeneous technical system. The considered problem is reduced to the continuousdiscrete boundary problem for systems of differential equations of the first order in the normal form. The use of the properties of supporting hyperplanes allows obtaining the expression for the vector of the cooling process control. The values of normal fundamental functions for solutions of the system of differential equations are used for the numerical determination of the mentioned vector

Forehead Skin Blood Flow in Normal Neonates during Active and Quiet Sleep, Measured with a Diode Laser Doppler Instrument

Changes in forehead skin blood flow during active and quiet sleep were determined in 16 healthy neonates using a recently developed semi-conductor laser Doppler flow meter without light conducting fibres. Measurements were carried out at a postnatal age varying from 5 hours to 7 days. The two sleep states could be distinguished in 17 recordings. The mean skin blood flow values during active sleep were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those during quiet sleep, the mean increase being 28.1%. The variability of the flow signal, expressed as the coefficient of variation, changed significantly from 23.1% during active sleep to 18.2% during quiet sleep

Water availability for dry season irrigation in the Anayari watershed in Ghana

United States Agency for International Developmen

Control methods for Dermanyssus gallinae in systems for laying hens: results of an international seminar

This paper reports the results of a seminar on poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae. Eighteen researchers from eight European countries discussed life cycle issues of the mite, effects of mites on hens and egg production, and monitoring and control methods for PRM in poultry facilities. It was determined that PRM probably causes more damage than envisaged, with the cost in The Netherlands alone reaching 11 million euro per annum. However a great deal is still unknown about PRM (e.g. reproduction, survival methods, etc.) and that PRM monitoring is an important instrument in recognising and admitting the problem and in taking timely measures. Currently, the most promising control method combines heating the hen house in combination with chemical treatments. Future areas of development which show promise include the use of entomopathogenic fungi, vaccination and predatory mites. The final aim is to solve the problem of D. gallinae in housing systems for laying hens

Smallholder irrigation productivity for sustainable intensification: Water balances for high value crops in northern Ghana

United States Agency for International Developmen