THE EVALUATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN COMMONLY WHEAT BREAD WITH THEIR DAILY INTAKE

Bread is a main staple food and the vital diet that gives approximately 50-90% daily intake of whole calories and proteins. This study was aimed at investigating the content of heavy metals in the different types of wheat bread. A total of 50 various bread categories including Lawasha, Mashini, Samoon, Hawrami and Tiry are provided in bakery stores. The mean concentration of the Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As and Co in all the studied bread samples were ranged in (µg kg-1) as follows: 0 - 173.7 for Cr, 117.2 - 313.3 for Ni, 0 - 16.1 for Cd, 0.89 - 357.3 for Pb, 5.60 - 33.9 for As and 3.06 -17.8 for Co. The highest concentration was found for Ni followed by Pb, Cr, As, Cd and Co. The mean daily intake of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As and Co with the consumed bread was 0, 0.5, 4.2, 6.4, 7.4, and 1.6 μg kg-1, respectively. The total daily intake of the studied heavy metals in 300 g bread was determined as follows: Lawasha 1.38, Mashini 1.72, Samoon 1.21, Hawrami 0.88 and Tiry 1.21 μg d-1 bw. The high contents of daily intake of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, As, and Co in bread affect people's health. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that bread types are safe from heavy metals. Total daily intake is lower than the permissible limit which is recommended by FAO/WHO. While heavy metals reduce in bread during wheat cultivation and during the bread-making process is still required. &nbsp

The Legal Framework of Electronic Data Crimes

In order to determine the legal framework of these crimes, we should distinguish between two types of crimes or attack electronic data, the first type when the technology of electronic data process and telecommunication have used in remote to commit crimes. In other words these crimes are committed through computer and the criminal description of these businesses belongs to the known of types of traditional crimes like theft, fraud and other crimes. This type of crimes call un informatics in the global information network “ internet” also this field includes the crimes of usage of “internet” and electronic data processes tools to show the pornographic images or diffusion a messages which are inciting to racism, racial, religious, discrimination or exposure to the personal liberty or intellectual property. The second types of electronic data process crimes when the technology of the electronic data and telecommunications are on remote and make it as a means of this crimes and their purpose too. And now we are in front of anew criminal acts which associated mostly to the exposure of security and integrity of electronic data systems and the confidentiality of the data and information that consist on. And this type of criminal information network called “internet”, this is done in the case of illegal entry in to these systems and exposure to it or to the information that contain it. So this research will base on the electronic data crimes which are connected to the internet, when it becomes a direct target and a goal in their contents, and regardless on the impulsive of behind of committing

A Comprehensive Study on Pedestrians' Evacuation

Human beings face threats because of unexpected happenings, which can be avoided through an adequate crisis evacuation plan, which is vital to stop wound and demise as its negative results. Consequently, different typical evacuation pedestrians have been created. Moreover, through applied research, these models for various applications, reproductions, and conditions have been examined to present an operational model. Furthermore, new models have been developed to cooperate with system evacuation in residential places in case of unexpected events. This research has taken into account an inclusive and a 'systematic survey of pedestrian evacuation' to demonstrate models methods by focusing on the applications' features, techniques, implications, and after that gather them under various types, for example, classical models, hybridized models, and generic model. The current analysis assists scholars in this field of study to write their forthcoming papers about it, which can suggest a novel structure to recent typical intelligent reproduction with novel features

Antibacterial Potential of Actinomycetes Isolates from Imperata (Imperata cylindrica L.) Rhizosfer Against Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Research on the Antibacterial Potential of Actinomycetes Isolates from the Rhizosphere of imperata (Imperata cylindrica L.) Against Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus has been conducted at the Biota Laboratory of Sumatera, Andalas University from July to September 2020. This study aims to obtain actinomycetes isolates from plant rhizosphere reeds (Imperata cylindrica L.) which has the potential as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study used a survey method. The results showed that 4 isolated actinomycetes were found, all of which have antibacterial potential, which could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Pharmacological evaluation of novel dimers of an arylpropionic acid class of non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors

Purpose: To explore and identify cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors with optimal potency and efficacy using an arylpropionic acid class of drugs as lead molecules.Methods: The selected lead molecules were dimerised through chemical processes (reflux condensation) and characterised in terms of structural properties using infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, electron impact mass spectrometry, and  elemental analysis techniques. The molecules were evaluated  pharmacologically for acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory  (carrageenaninduced paw oedema test), analgesic (acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice), and antipyretic (Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia test in mice) activities against control (normal saline) and relevant reference standard drugs. Docking analyses were also performed to assess possible protein–ligand interactions.Results: The test compounds were non-toxic at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight, ip. Pharmacological evaluation  revealed that the test compounds, TC-I through TC-IV, had significant antiinflammatory and peripheral analgesic activities (p < 0.001). An antipyretic test showed that TC-I, -II, and -III showed highly significant antipyretic activities at all doses tested. TC-IV at 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight exhibited significant antipyretic activities (p < 0.05), while at 50 mg/kg body weight, the activity was highly significant (p < 0.001). Molecular modelling revealed strong inhibitory interactions with docking scores of  116.2, 128.8, 144.2, and 136.0 kcal/mol, respectively, in comparison with the reference ligand,  flurbiprofen (94.9 kcal/mol).Conclusion: The dimerised lead drug molecules showed significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in  animals and may further be explored as potential new drug candidates for inflammatory conditions.Keywords: Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Arylpropionic acid, COX-2 inhibitors, Molecular dockin

Outcome of back pain and radiculopathy in patients with single level lumbar discectomy

Background: Surgery for lumbar disc herniation is one of the most commonly performed procedures in spine surgery. Questions remain if lumbar discectomy is the optimal treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation who exhibit a substantial amount of preoperative back pain. Objective: To evaluate the outcome of improvement of back pain and radiculopathy between male and female patients with single-level discectomy and in relation to different indications for the surgery.  Patients and Methods: In this retrospective follow-up study, 80 patients (40males and 40 females) with symptoms of radiculopathy and back pain who underwent single-level open discectomy (small incision of 2-3 cm) were followed-up by discharge from the hospital between 2017 and 2019 in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan. The patients were included after having the symptoms of radiculopathy as confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, patients who had undergone discectomy due to radiculopathy without response after 6 weeks of conservative treatment were included in this investigation. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.1 (19-70 years old). The study showed that the level of back pain and radicular pain was significantly decreased from the initial step to 3, 6, and 12 months. The levels of back and radicular were not changed significantly from three to six months. The study showed that the prevalence of different levels of back and radicular pain was similar between male and female patients at different periods. The study did not find a significant difference in levels of back and radicular pains among patients with different indications in male and male patients. Conclusion: This study showed that single-level lumbar discectomy improved back and radicular pain by 12 months postoperatively in males and females, regardless of the indication for surgery

4-[(Z)-(2-Eth­oxy-4-oxochroman-3-yl­idene)methyl­amino]benzene­sulfonamide monohydrate

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C18H18N2O5S·H2O, the heterocyclic ring adopts a twisted conformation, while the aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 45.46 (3)°. Intra­molecular C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O inter­actions result in the formations of planar five- and six-membered rings. In the crystal structure, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the NH2 and SO2 groups through R 2 2(8) ring motifs, while C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds result in the formation of R 2 1(7) ring motifs. N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the uncoordinated water mol­ecules, forming a polymeric network. A weak C—H⋯π inter­action is also present

Pathologic Risk Factors for Higher Clinical Stage in Testicular Seminomas

Introduction Testicular seminomas require accurate staging for effective management. 20% are metastatic at presentation while 80% are clinical stage I, requiring only orchiectomy and surveillance. Tumor size, rete testis invasion, hilar soft tissue invasion, and lymphovascular invasion have been shown to incur a higher risk of metastasis and recurrence in clinical stage I seminomas, with little congruence between studies. Materials and Methods We reviewed 211 cases of testicular seminomas and recorded patient age, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion and rete testis, hilar soft tissue, epididymis, spermatic cord, tunica albuginea, and tunica vaginalis involvement. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed comparing clinical stage I to advanced clinical stage patients (stages II and III) in reference to these factors. Results We found that tumor size (p=0.02), vascular invasion (p=0.02), and invasion of rete testis stroma (p=0.01), epididymis (p=0.02), spermatic cord (p=0.047), and hilar soft tissue (p=0.04) were predictors of higher clinical stage at the univariate level. However, multivariate analysis showed that only tumor size and vascular invasion remained significant (p=0.008 and 0.032, respectively). A tumor size of 4 cm was the size cutoff found to be significant. Discussion Tumor size and vascular invasion are the strongest predictors of higher clinical stage in testicular seminomas. Our univariate data suggests that rete testis and hilar soft tissue invasion relate to higher clinical stage. However, neither of these factors were found to be independent risk factors at multivariate analysis. Therefore, this study supports tumor upstaging based only upon size and vascular invasion