Perintah Memberdayakan Akal dalam Islam

AbstrakDalam agama Islam, akal memiliki kedudukan yang mulia. Perintah untuk berpikir dan memperhatikan ciptaan Allah telah banyak disinggung baik melalui Al-Qur’an maupun As-Sunnah. Namun dalam perkembangannya, tidak sedikit umat Islam yang terkena penyakit taqlid dan jumud, yaitu penyakit yang menjadi salah satu sebab utama kemunduran peradaban Islam dimasa lampau. Sehingga untuk melawan penyakit tersebut, penyegaran pemahaman umat Islam mengenai perintah untuk berpikir perlu digalakkan. Salah satunya dengan dibukanya kembali pintu ijtihad. Dalam kaitannya dengan akal dan ijtihad metode yang sering dikaitkan ialah metode burhani yakni metode yang mengutamakan pendekatan rasionalitas.Kata kunci: akal, Al-Qu’ran dan As-sunna

Framework of Inter Faith Dialogue in Al-Sharî‘a Al-Islâmiyyah

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mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} The paper proceeds with the short introduction of interfaith dialogue. Terminologies such as al jadl, al mufawadhat, al hîwar al mûhajah, and al hâdith etc. that are being used by the Muslims for the notion of dialogue   have also been elaborated. The thoughts of contemporary Muslims scholars involved in interfaith dialogue reveal   that dialogue as conversation between the representatives of religions with the aim of developing understanding and harmony is in accordance with Islamic teachings. The Da’wah, which involves knowing, learning   and persuading each other, is also kind of dialogue. Disagreements of nations are diversities from which need for dialogue emerges. Such type of prospects and benefits of interfaith dialogue particularly in Muslims’ perspective have been traced then. Islamic concept of religious diversity, which is based on recognition of almost all pre Islamic Religions, has been elaborated in third part of this paper. No compulsion in choice of faith is core of Islamic belief. Muslim Jurists are agreed that freedom of choice of faith is basic ingredient of conversion. Conversion by force and coercion is null and void. This has been discussed in forth part of this study. The fifth part of the study deals with interfaith tolerance and respect. The last part of the study consists upon miscellaneous rules that regulate the conduct of interfaith dialogue. In conclusion of this paper importance of inter religious dependence and possible role of framework of interfaith dialogue in the light of al-Sharî‘a al-Islâmiyyah have been identified so that Muslims can actively and positively contribute for peace among religions through dialogue.</p

RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN ISLAMIC THEOLOGY OF RELIGIONS

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mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Modern theory of religious pluralism, which emerged initially in the thoughts of liberal Christian theologians, becomes more important after world wide recognition of diversities of cultures, belief systems, and standards of morality. The pluralistic quality of truth affirms that truth is always relational. Among the contemporary Muslims there are those who, on the base of Islamic theology, are also thinking that Islam is not the only way of salvation. Muslims can go to paradise by following Islam; the adherent of other faiths may also attain God’s grace by following their own faith. Unity of essence, in faiths is the base of religious pluralism. Al-Qur’ān is also inviting toward ‘unity of faith’ where wisdom and fair dialogue bring together the communities of different religions and cultures into a harmony of faith and purpose. Exclusivisim, inclusivism, parallelism and pluralism are dialogical attitudes but pluralism is most appropriate for dialogue. Sound basis of religious Pluralism is found in Islamic theology. It believes that submission to God in the light of divine guidance is the core of the massages of all the prophets and messengers. All prophets were Muslims (submitters to God), and Islam is not merely the religion preached by Muhammad but was also the religion of all the true prophets of God such as Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, and Jesus and their followers. Muslim recognition of legitimate religions is not limited to Christianity and Judaism only, but it extends to almost al major pre-Islamic religions including Hinduism and Buddhism. Religious pluralism in Islam is based on the acknowledgement of the non-believer on three distinct levels: The first is that of humanism. Its second level is ‘universalism of revelation’. The third level of religious pluralism in Islam is its identification with historical revelation of Judaism and Christianity. The Freedom of choice of faith is the ultimate result and thus aftermath of the religious pluralism. Islam also considers it as the basic ingredient of conversion because conversion by force, coercion or interference is null and void. It is need of time that scholars of Islamic Studies should work hard for exploring the further pluralistic dimensions of Islam. </p

The Ethics of Global Civil Society in Islamic Tradition

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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} The present move towards a global world demands sincere efforts for a better mutual understanding on ethical basis so that the visions, loyalties, ideals and values of individuals irrespective of their religious affiliations can be developed. This study aims to present the importance of Islamic ethics for the global society. It briefly examines the Islamic ethics and suggests that Quran, Sunnah, the literature of Adab and legal rulings are the main sources of ethics in the Islamic tradition. This is followed by a discussion on the Islamic injunctions on important ethics of multi-faith society such as righteousness and goodness. This is followed by the discussion on religious pluralism as the basic ethic of global society. The opinions of the Muslim jurists about the liberty of faith are also explored. The final part of the paper analyses in detail the legal rulings of Islam regarding interfaith marriages and social relations among the followers of different religious traditions.</p

Application of Certain π-Acceptors for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Alendronate Sodium in Pharmaceutical Bulk and Dosage Forms

Two simple, fast, and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the determination of alendronate sodium are described. The methods are based on charge-transfer complex formation of the drug with two π-electron acceptors 7,7,7,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in acetonitrile and methanol medium. The methods are followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the maximum absorbance at 840 nm and 465 nm, respectively. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the calibration curves showed a linear relationship over the concentration ranges of 2–10 μg mL−1 and 2–12 μg mL−1, respectively. The optimal reactions conditions values such as the reagent concentration, heating time, and stability of reaction product were determined. No significant difference was obtained between the results of newly proposed methods and the B.P. Titrimetric procedures. The charge transfer approach using TCNQ and DDQ procedures described in this paper is simple, fast, accurate, precise, and extraction-free

ChatGPT & Copyright: Key Legal and Moral Implications

Chat-GPT being Generative AI, is known for its writing potential. ChatGPT's capabilities to generate text, answer questions, and engage in meaningful conversations is growing exponentially, offering immense potential for both personal and business applications. This transformation is impacting society, raising concerns in copyrights about the AI generated content. Authors and platforms should adopt practices that transparently acknowledge the contributions of both humans and AI. It will help ensure that the produced content is consistent with moral guidelines. Major risks posed by ChatGPT, their legal and ethical implications, findings, and tentative solutions are shared in this research

Improving The Students' Speaking Accuracy Through “Lse 9.0 Software Version”

The objective of the research was to find out the improvement students' speaking accuracy through Learn to Speak English 9.0 Software Version at SMK Negeri 1 Pattallassang Gowa. This research used classroom action research that consists two cycles. The research object was the first year electric students' of SMK Negeri 1 Pattallassang Gowa academic year 2011/2012. The object of this research consisted of 32 students. The researcher obtained the data by using the speaking test in the diagnostic test, the cycle I and Cycle II. The results of the student's speaking test in cycle I and cycle II had significantly different scores. There was a better improvement of gains by students at the end of action cycle II. The research findings indicated that use of Learn to Speak English 9.0 Software as teaching media could improve the students' speaking accuracy after evaluation in cycles I and II, the means scores in diagnostic test is 5.21 and then it became 5.95 in the cycle I and 7.10 in the cycle II. It can be stated that the students' speaking accuracy at the first year electric students' of SMK Negeri 1 Pattallassang Gowa was in poor level after the test in the diagnostic test with mean score 5.21 had improved to fairly good level after the test in the cycle II with mean score 7.10

Angular Kinematics and Physical Fitness Analysis of Tall height and Short Height Javelin Throwers- A Case Study of The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

This study was designed to compare the physical fitness and angular position of the university level javelin throwers. Eight tall height and (n = 08) short height javelin throwers were selected for data collection. A handgrip dynamometer, stadiometer, and weight balance were used for the measurements of physical fitness. Two video cameras a Kinovea software was utilized for video analysis of the Javelin throws. The selected variables were stature, body mass, standing broad jump, maximum bench press handgrip strength, the javelin throw distance. The angle of knee joint, elbow joints, and stride length was selected variables while performing the javelin throw. An independent t-test was applied to find mean difference among tall and short height javelin thrower. The result showed the distance of javelin throw, handgrip strength, maximum bench press, vertical jump, and standing broad jump of tall height throwers were significantly higher than short height javelin throwers. On the other hand, the tall height throwers were also significantly higher in extension of right elbow, right knee, and stride length than the short height at the time of the javelin release from hand. It was concluded the longer arms, body mass, and angular kinematics of javelin throwers are associated with the better performance. It is suggested the physical fitness would be include in the selection of javelin throw and angular movement of the right knee and elbow focused on training of javelin thrower

Edukasi Bahaya Pornografi Untuk Anak Laki-Laki Usia 11-13 Tahun (Analisis Pengetahuan Dan Persepsi Visual)

Adiksi pornografi internet adalah fenomena sosial yang merajalela saat ini. Internet yang semakin cepat dan privat, mengakibatkan anak-anak terkena paparan konten pornografi sejak usia belia. Di sisi lain, konten edukasi bahaya adiksi pornografi internet yang memadai terbilang masih minim, dan hanya berfokus pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pandangan anak usia Sekolah Dasar terhadap pornografi internet dari segi tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi visual, guna memperoleh insight untuk perancangan materi edukasi bahaya pornografi untuk anak yang lebih aman dan mudah dipahami baik dari segi narasi maupun visual. Penelitian ini melibatkan responden berjumlah 34 siswa kelas 4-6 Sekolah Dasar dari 4 sekolah dengan metode wawancara testruktur dan observasi langsung. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa rata-rata responden telah terpapar pornografi internet dengan pemahaman yang cukup eksplisit. Di sisi lain, responden juga telah memahami bahwa melihat konten pornografi adalah perbuatan yang buruk, sehingga materi edukasi dapat difokuskan kepada cara kerja pornografi mempengaruhi otak, efek negatif dan apa yang harus dilakukan saat menemukan konten pornografi, alih-alih nasehat yang bersifat agamis, moral ataupun larangan semata. Data penelitian ini dapat menjadi landasan pengembangan materi edukasi bahaya adiksi pornografi lebih lanjut

THE CHILDHOOD’S TRADITIONAL GAMES AND PHYSICAL FITNESS OF RURAL, URBAN AND PRIVATE SCHOOL GIRLS- A CASE STUDY OF BAHAWALPUR CITY, PAKISTAN

This study was designed in two folds, first) to explore the physical fitness and performance the rural, urban and private school girls in the capacity of traditional games, and second) to examine the relationship between the performance of traditional games and physical fitness. Data were obtained from (n = 120) of school girls of Bahawalpur city, of 11-to-15 years of age. These measurements were attained as stature for height, body mass- for weight, speed test of the 30-meter run, set and reach for flexibility, zig-zag run for agility, standing broad jump for leg power, set-ups for trunk strength, finally skipping rope, and shtapu for traditional games. One-way ANOVA was applied to compare the physical fitness and ability of traditional among groups, and the Pearson product of correlation was applied to examine the relationship between the physical fitness and performance of traditional games. Results exhibited the rural girl's students were significantly superior to the urban school girls in the 30-meter dash. The rural girls were also significantly higher in the performance of skipping rope and shtapu than urban and private school girls. On the other hand, stature, body mass, leg power, zig-zag run, sit-and-reach, trunk strength was a significantly positive correlation with skipping rope and shatpu. The main finding of this study was that traditional games have a strong relationship with the physical fitness of school girls. Therefore, this study suggests the traditional games would be a part of co-curriculum activities in school as well as in the social life of the school girls to improve their physical fitness