Effect of Procedural Justice on Organizational Commitment:Evidence from Pakistan

Procedural justice and organizational commitment are extensively studied factors paying significantly in organizational success. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of procedural justice on organizational commitment. For the said purpose primary data have been collected from 120 academicians of Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan. A likert type questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The data was collected through questionnaire and put in the data matrix on SPSS 17. The regression was used to measure the effect of procedural Justice on organizational commitment. The results indicate that procedural justice has positive significant influence on organizational commitment. Keywords: Procedural Justice, Organizational Commitment, and Academicians, Pakistan.

Impact of Performance Appraisal on Employee Performance

This manuscript is an attempt of the researchers to highlight the significance of performance appraisal in the organizations and business world. Appraisal is one of the most significant and effective tool that can lead an organization to vanquish their ultimate goals by improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the employees. Performance appraisal helps managers to identify the gap between desired and actual performance and in case of deficiency, it can be removed by imparting required training. Fair performance evaluation and proper training motivates employees that results in improved performance and achieve organizational competitiveness. Keywords: Performance Appraisal, Employee Performanc

A learners experience with the games education in software engineering

The utilization of games and its components in software building training isn’t new. In reality, their usage in Software development training is found to look into papers for numerous decades. Be that as it may, there is little data about the real reception of these methodologies in games designing and development training in terms of software building. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to research the utilization of game’s components in programming designing instruction, in the viewpoint of teachers. To accomplish this objective, this examination proposes and breaks down the aftereffects of a study replied by numerous product designing teachers. We test the members by welcoming multiple instructors from settled colleges and instructive organizations of various districts. The first objective of the review is to gather data relates to the utilization of important games and rich gamification in the student classrooms, and the second objective is to comprehend information territories and the pre-owned game-related techniques. The outcomes show that the more significant part of the educators knows about these instructive methodologies, the games were embraced by various members. Games that are generally played to cover “Programming Process” & “Task Management.” The utmost utilized game apparatuses are Points scoring, Quizzes solving, and meet challenges. The outcomes additionally reveal that the fundamental explanations behind not embracing the assets are the absence of information, lack of data about essential games for encouraging programming designing, and the absence of time to design and remember these methodologies for the classes At long last, results show a definite propensity towards the future appropriation of these game-related methodologies by the product developing teachers

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE BASELINE GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE IN PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA AND PERIAPICAL WOUND HEALING AFTER SURGICAL ENDODONTIC TREATMENT

In this study, we have investigated the association between the baseline gene expression profile in periapical granuloma and periapical wound healing after surgical endodontic treatment. Twenty-seven patients aged between 15 and 57 years underwent periapical surgery. The retrieved periapical tissue sample was used for mRNA expression analysis of COL1A1, VTN, ITGA5, IL-4, TNF, ANGPT, VEGFA, and CTGF. All patients were recalled after 6 and 12 months for periapical healing evaluation. Healing was then correlated with baseline gene expression. Healing was observed in 15 patients at the end of 6 months, which increased to 21 patients after 12 months. Six patients showed no healing even after 12 months. Analysis of baseline expression levels of the tested genes with healing status showed the mean relative expression of VTN, VEGFA, ANGPT, TNF, and CTGF to be significantly different (p < 0.05) between the healing group (6 and 12 months) (72.99%) and the non-healing (94.42%) group. Periapical Index scores 3–5 exhibited a positive correlation with ITGA-5 expression. Overexpression of ANGPT and a strong positive correlation between ITGA5 and PAI scores in the non-healing group of patients may suggest these genes to be a potential prognostic biomarker for periapical wound non-healing after surgical endodontic treatment

Blockchain adoption for sustainable supply chain management : economic, environmental, and social perspectives

Due to the rapid increase in environmental degradation and depletion of natural resources, the focus of researchers is shifted from economic to socio-environmental problems. Blockchain is a disruptive technology that has the potential to restructure the entire supply chain for sustainable practices. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that provides a digital database for recording all the transactions of the supply chain. The main purpose of this research is to explore the literature relevant to blockchain for sustainable supply chain management. The focus of this review is on the sustainability of the blockchain-based supply chain concerning environmental conservation, social equality, and governance effectiveness. Using a systematic literature review, a total of 136 articles were evaluated and categorized according to the triple bottom-line aspects of sustainability. Challenges and barriers during blockchain adoption in different industrial sectors such as aviation, shipping, agriculture and food, manufacturing, automotive, pharmaceutical, and textile industries were critically examined. This study has not only explored the economic, environmental, and social impacts of blockchain but also highlighted the emerging trends in a circular supply chain with current developments of advanced technologies along with their critical success factors. Furthermore, research areas and gaps in the existing research are discussed, and future research directions are suggested. The findings of this study show that blockchain has the potential to revolutionize the entire supply chain from a sustainability perspective. Blockchain will not only improve the economic sustainability of the supply chain through effective traceability, enhanced visibility through information sharing, transparency in processes, and decentralization of the entire structure but also will help in achieving environmental and social sustainability through resource efficiency, accountability, smart contracts, trust development, and fraud prevention. The study will be helpful for managers and practitioners to understand the procedure of blockchain adoption and to increase the probability of its successful implementation to develop a sustainable supply chain network

Spatial downscaling and gap-filling of SMAP soil moisture to high resolution using MODIS surface variables and machine learning approaches over ShanDian River Basin, China

High-resolution soil moisture (SM) information is essential for regional to global hydrological and agricultural applications. The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) offers daily global composites of SM at coarse-resolution 9 and 36 km, with data gaps limiting its local application to depict SM distribution in detail. To overcome the aforementioned problem, a downscaling and gap-filling novel approach was adopted, using random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms to downscale SMAP SM data, using land-surface variables from moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Aqua and Terra satellites from the years 2018 to 2019. Firstly, four combinations (RF+Aqua, RF+Terra, ANN+Aqua, and ANN+Terra) were developed. Each combination downscaled SMAP SM at a high resolution (1 km). These combinations were evaluated by using error matrices and in situ SM at different scales in the ShanDian River (SDR) Basin. The combination RF+Terra showed a better performance, with a low averaged unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) of 0.034 (Formula presented.) / (Formula presented.) and high averaged correlation (R) of 0.54 against the small-, medium-, and large-scale in situ SM. Secondly, the impact of various land covers was examined by using downscaled SMAP and in situ SM. Vegetation attenuation makes woodland more error-prone and less correlated than grassland and farmland. Finally, the RF+Terra and ANN+Terra combinations were selected for their higher accuracy in gap filling of downscaled SMAP SM. The gap-filled downscaled SMAP SM results were compared spatially with China Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS) SM and in situ SM. The RF+Terra combination outcomes were more humid than ANN+Terra combination results in the SDR basin. Overall, the RF+Terra combination gap-filled data showed high R (0.40) and less ubRMSE (0.064 (Formula presented.) / (Formula presented.)) against in situ SM, which was close to CLDAS SM. This study showed that the proposed RF- and ANN-based downscaling methods have a potential to improve the spatial resolution and gap-filling of SMAP SM at a high resolution (1 km)

Multimodal Logistics in Disaster Relief

This chapter aims to study multimodal logistics planning in disaster scenarios through literature review and two case studies. It builds a framework around the types of problems addressed in operations research literature and the two phases of disaster operations—preparation and response. The multimodal logistics literature in disaster scenarios is mapped on this framework. It uncovers research gaps by comparing the literature with real-life settings. It finds that the coordination problem is an important aspect of multimodal logistics in disasters that requires further attention in order to close the gap between literature and practice

Revenue composition and financial health of nonprofit humanitarian and emergency health services

Purpose Emergency health and humanitarian nonprofits work under volatile circumstances that strain nonprofits' financial resources. This study investigates the impact of revenue composition on the financial health of these nonprofits and the impact of financial health on the likelihood of financial distress. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 11,335 emergency nonprofits from 2003 to 2020 was obtained through form 990 data and studied through a difference generalized method of moments (GMM) approach for the impact of revenue composition on financial health. The impact of financial health on financial distress was studied through panel logistics regression. Findings Revenue diversification adversely affects the financial health of nonprofit emergency health and humanitarian organizations contrary to the implications of modern portfolio theory. The financial health of nonprofit emergency health and humanitarian organizations is persistent through the significant positive effect of lags in most cases. Originality/value The emergency health subsector of nonprofits was studied separately due to the unique nature of the sectors' operations and operating environment. The impact of revenue composition was investigated on key dimensions of financial health. Omitted variable bias, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity were handled through difference GMM

Effect of Partial Replacement of Cement with Rice Husk Ash on Concrete Properties

This research work is related to the study of effects on properties of concrete having rice husk ash as cementitious supplementary materials. Total four mixes of concrete were done with varying percentages of rice husk as 6%, 12% and 18%. The tensile, flexural and compressive strengths that contain rice husk ash were determined by testing cubes, cylinders and beams. There was a replacement of 6%, 12% and 18% of rice husk ash in all mixes except the control mix. The concrete's flexural strength with rice husk ash increases at the beginning and at the later age (i.e., 28 days) similar to control mix; however, variation in compressive and splitting tensile strength is negligible. The optimum results are achieved with 6% replacement of cement with rice husk ash. Therefore, it was inferred that rice husk ash could be used as partial replacement of cement in concrete to produce economic concrete

Bank maturity, income diversification, and bank stability

The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of bank life cycle or bank maturity on income diversification (ID) and stability. In addition, this research investigates the ID relationship with bank stability. Drawing on the dynamic resource-based view and modern portfolio theory, this research examines the influence of a paramount internal factor i.e. bank life cycle or bank maturity on income diversification (ID) and stability consequence. Data were collected from the Pakistani’s commercial banks’ financial statements over the period 2005 to 2019. This research relied on the fixed effect and generalized method of moments (GMM) model to empirically test the proposed relationships. Core findings of the research reveal that bank maturity leads to enhanced ID and ID strongly influences the bank stability consequence, moreover, research findings are robust to use different measures of bank stability and GMM estimation techniques. To the authors’ best knowledge, this research is the first to report specific evidence about bank maturity as an internal driver of income diversification and stability and advances the literature seeking to understand the determinants of ID. This research also shows managers to recognize the importance of internal drivers to diversify effectively into non-interest income, and how such an effective ID translates into stability consequence