ROLE OF CHITOSAN, CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOS, POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE, KYRON T134 AND PRIMOGEL TO DESIGN THE MOUTH DISINTEGRATING TELMISARTAN TABLET WITH EXTENDED RELEASE PROFILE

The Mouth Disintegrating Extended Release Telmisartan (MDERT) tablets are designed for adequate pharmacokinetic profile to avoid the unusual peaks and troughs. Although, there are extensive advance techniques used to deliver drugs. But oral route is still remains effective in most of the therapeutical situations. Thus we aimed this study to formulate a dosage form with dual character of orodispersion as well as extended effectiveness. MDERTS dosage form was prepared by direct compression method. The major components of this preparation were Telmisartan (TLM), Carboxy methyl cellulose polyvinyl Pyrrolidone, Chitosan, Talc, Mg-stearate, Lactose. The MDERTS dosage form was characterized with different determinants. While, the drug release curves of all 6 formulations upto 12h, DSC spectra of TLM, Kyron T134, Primogel, TLM+Kyron T134+Primogel, Chitosan, CMC and different excepients are presented as comprehensive scientific figures. DSC and FTIR spectroscopic studies indicate the compatibility of drugs with each other and with excipients. Moreover, the formulation F2 containing more than 10% of Kyron T had shown best results. Whereas, the overall results had shown that Kyron T containing tablets had best, in vitro dispersion time, wetting time and wetting volume, water absorption ratio. The order in which superdisintegrants and polymers had produced desirable effect is Kyron T134 > Kyron  T134134 + primogel > primogel and for polymers chitosan> chitosan+CMC> chitosan +PVP> CMC> CMC+PVP> PVP. Thus, Kyron T is the best superdisintegrant of others which were used in present study and direct compression method is the best used to prepare extended release mouth disintegrating tablets. 

Sorta Solving the OPF by Not Solving the OPF: DAE Control Theory and the Price of Realtime Regulation

This paper presents a new approach to solve or approximate the AC optimal power flow (ACOPF). By eliminating the need to solve the ACOPF every few minutes, the paper showcases how a realtime feedback controller can be utilized in lieu of ACOPF and its variants. By \textit{(i)} forming the grid dynamics as a system of differential algebraic equations (DAE) that naturally encode the non-convex OPF power flow constraints, \textit{(ii)} utilizing advanced DAE-Lyapunov theory, and \textit{(iii)} designing a feedback controller that captures realtime uncertainty while being uncertainty-unaware, the presented approach demonstrates promises of obtaining solutions that are close to the OPF ones without needing to solve the OPF. The proposed controller responds in realtime to deviations in renewables generation and loads, guaranteeing transient stability, while always yielding feasible solutions of the ACOPF with no constraint violations. As the studied approach herein indeed yields slightly more expensive realtime generator controls, the corresponding price of realtime control and regulation is examined. Cost-comparisons with the traditional ACOPF are also showcased -- all via case studies on standard power networks

ASSOCIATION OF EARLY CHOLECYSTECTOMY WITH COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE PANCREATITIS.

Background; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the commonly performed surgical procedure these days which is associated with significant reduction of morbidities and mortality. This study was conducted to ascertain complications in acute pancreatitis. Objective; To determine the frequency of complications of early cholecystectomy in patients with acute pancreatitis. Material and Methods; A total 152 patients with acute pancreatitis were enrolled in our study who underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy and were followed to document complications. All the data was entered and analyzed using SPSS-18. Results; Of these 152 study cases, 57 (37.5 %) were male patients while 95 (62.5 %) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 37.25 ± 7.29 years Of these 152 study cases, 71 (46.7 %) belonged to rural areas and 81 (53.3 %) belonged to urban areas. Diabetes was present in 40 (26.3 %) of our study cases. Hypertension was present in 67 (44.1%) of our study cases. Mean body mass index of our study cases was 26.12 ± 1.83 kg/m2 and obesity was present in 39 (25.7 %) of our study cases. Mean duration of surgery was 58.53 ± 12.48 minutes and 77 (50.7%) had duration of surgery more than 60 minutes. Mean hospital stay was 5.23 ± 2.36 days and 80 (52.6%) had duration of hospital stay for more than 4 days. Complications were noted in 29 (19.1%) of our study cases. Conclusion; Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with acute pancreatitis is quite safe, reliable and effective procedure as frequency of complications was low in our study cases. Complication were significantly associated with increasing gender, age, diabetes and hypertension. All the surgeons treating such patients should employ early cholecystectomy to achieve desired outcomes. Keywords; Complication, Acute pancreatitis, Cholecystectomy. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/54-14 Publication date: April 30th 2019

PROLONGED POST – OPERATIVE HOSPITALIZATION PREDICTS HIGH BURDEN OF UMBLICAL PORT SITE INFECTION IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY.

Background; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the commonly performed surgical procedure these days which is associated with significant reduction of morbidities and mortality. This study was conducted to ascertain port site infection after laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using gloves. Objective; To determine frequency of port site infection (PSI) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy when gallbladder is removed without using gloves. Material and Methods; A total of 254 patients undergoing laparoscpic cholecystectomy were enrolled in our study. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed and after removal of gall bladder without endogloves the laparoscope was moved to the epigastric port, and a large-tooth grasping forceps were inserted through the umbilical port to grasp the gallbladder at the area of the cystic duct and were followed for wound infection. Results; Of these 254 study cases, 98 (36.6 %) were male patients while 156 (61.4 %) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 49.58 ± 6.32 years. Of these 254 study cases, 89 (35.0 %) belonged to rural areas and 165 (65.0 %) belonged to urban areas. Diabetes was present in 68 (26.8 %) of our study cases. Hypertension was present in 126 (49.6 %) of our study cases.  Mean duration of surgery was 55.28 ± 15.23 minutes and 185 (72.8 %) had duration of procedure up to 1 hour. Mean hospital stay was 5.22 ± 2.18 days and 204 (80.3%) had hospital stay up to 6 days. Umblical port site infection (PSI) was noted in 20 (7.9%). Conclusion; High frequency of umblical port site infection was noted in our study among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy without using gloves, so use of gloves is safe, cost effective and reduces related morbidities. Port site infection was significantly associated with increasing, gender, diabetes, residential status, prolonged duration of surgery and duration of hospitalization. Keywords; Umblical Port site infection, gloves, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/54-13 Publication date: April 30th 201

ON VOLTERRA AND ORTHOGONALITY PRESERVING QUADRATIC STOCHAISTIC OPERATORS

A quadratic stochastic operator (in short QSO) is usually used to present the time evolution of differing species in biology. Some quadratic stochastic operators have been studied by Lotka and Volterra. In the present paper, we first give a simple characterization of Volterra QSO in terms of absolutely continuity of discrete measures. Moreover, we provide its generalization in continuous setting. Further, we introduce a notion of orthogonal preserving QSO, and describe such kind of operators defined on two dimensional simplex. It turns out that orthogonal preserving QSOs are permutations of Volterra QSO. The associativity of genetic algebras generated by orthogonal preserving QSO is studied to

Tax Revenue, Stock Market and Economic Growth of Pakistan

Structured Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of capital market and fiscal policy influences in determining the nexus of economic growth in Pakistan from July 2003 to July 2012. Design/methodology/approach – The authors utilise ADF unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test, VECM test, Granger causality test and variance decomposition analysis to test the relationship among tax revenue, stock market and economic growth in Pakistan. Granger causality analysis is used to answer questions whether “Does tax revenue cause the economic growth?” or “Does tax revenue cause the capital market?”. Findings – The results demonstrate that there is a bidirectional casualty between tax revenue and economic growth; and a unidirectional causality from capital market to tax revenue. The estimated result shows that growth of Pakistan economy is strongly contributed from the high collection of direct tax revenue and the development of financial market activity. Originality/value – The findings of this paper have important implications to current and potential investors in Pakistan economy to understand the economic condition of Pakistan and to assist them in making their investment decision.&nbsp