Gender Wise Distribution of Income Using L-Moments Method

The main purpose of this work is to explore the income distribution of both male and female in Pakistan over the period of 2010-2011. For this purpose, the lognormal distribution with known parameters is used as a model and its unknown parameters are estimated by three methods that are likelihood, moments and L-moments. The results show that citizens of Pakistan are not equal in income and the probability plot suggested that the income of the male is greater than that of a female in Pakistan. Moreover, for small sample size, the best method of parameters estimation is the L-moments, while, for large sample size the best method is a maximum likelihood. Findings of the study suggest that suitable policy is required to maintain equality in income distribution in the country. It will consequently reduce the gap among rich and poor and will certainly improve social welfare

Social Media Exploitation among Students of Library and Information Science in Pakistan

Introduction The main theme of the study is to investigate the usage of social media among the student of Department of Library and Information Science. Objectives To examines the most useable social media applications, purpose of their use and impacts of social media. Method Structured questionnaire was distributed among 208 students through personal visits and emails. Results The study determines that Facebook was the frequently useable application among these students. The majority of the students used social media for academic and entertainment purposes. Conclusion The study concluded that the social media has positive impacts on the studies of the students

INFORMATION LITERACY SKILLS OF LEGAL PRACTITIONERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA-PAKISTAN: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Purpose of the study The main theme of this study is to explores the information literacy skills of the law practitioners in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan under the heading “Information Literacy Skills of Legal Practitioners in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan: An Empirical Study.” Research Method and Procedure To conduct this quantitative study, the simple random sample approach is used. An adapted questionnaire is distributed among 254 lawyers of Dera Ismail Khan through personal visits and electronic means. The data collected is analyzed through SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software. Delimitations of the study: The study is delimited to the southern district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Dera Ismael Khan. Key Findings: Most of the lawyers of District Dera Ismail khan of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa can recognize and understand the needed information. A large number of lawyers are capable of presenting information in both written and electronic forms. They are not comfortable with different legal databases and using various searching and keyword techniques. They have less knowledge of Boolean operator for locating of online information. Conclusion and Recommendations Efforts should be made to arrange refresher courses and training workshops on utilization of different legal databases and different search techniques for retrieval of information sources. This practice will enhance the information literacy skills of lawyers that will ultimately result in to a better legal system in the Pakistan. . Practical implication(s): The findings of the study will motivate the policy makers, authorities of legal forums to restructure the information literacy programs to fulfil the Lawyers’ information needs. Contribution to the knowledge: No significant work has been done on the lawyers\u27 Information literacy skills in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. It will bring a clear picture of information literacy skills of law practitioners and addressed the problems faced by them during seeking process

Information Literacy among Faculty members in the Public Sector Medical Colleges of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan

Purpose of the study: This study aims to evaluate faculty members\u27 information literacy skills in public sector medical colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Design/Methodology/approach: The descriptive research design was used to conduct and accomplish the study\u27s objectives. The research population consisted of faculty members at public sector medical colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa southern region. Professors, Associate Professors, Assistant Professors, Lecturers, and demonstrators comprise the faculty. The adapted questionnaires of (Jan & Bahtti, 2018; Ullah, 2015; Sharma & Lata, 2019; and Rafique, 2014) were modified and used as data collection instrument. Key findings: Majority of the public sector medical college faculty recognizes the various sources of information, and they use both printed and online materials to identify needed information. The majority of faculty at these medical colleges consults monographs/textbooks regularly, preceded by online journals/medical databases. A good number of medical faculty members opted to use the HEC digital library to locate and access their contents. Delimitations of the study: This study is delimited to three public sector medical colleges operate in southern districts: of Khyber Medical University Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) in Kohat, the Gomal Medical College (GMC) in Dera Ismail Khan, and the Bannu Medical College (BMC) in Bannu. Practical implication(s): The findings of the study will motivate the policy makers and authorities of these three medical colleges in southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to enhance the information literacy skills of medical faculty. This practice will result into an effective medical education in the province. Contribution to the knowledge: No significant work has been done on the Faculty\u27s Information literacy skills at public sector medical colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.. This study will add valuable literature to literary world

ACCESSIBILITY AND USABILITY OF INTERNET AMONG POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL TRAINEES OF POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE (PGMI) PESHAWAR

This study is quantitative in nature. It is conducted to determine the approach of Postgraduate Medical Trainees towards internet use. This study is carried out at Postgraduate Medical Institute (PGMI) Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The main theme of this piece of document was to examine the purpose, location of internet usage by Postgraduate Medical Trainees along with the Problems being faced during the browsing of internet. This study will also try to know the satisfaction level of these medical trainees. Data was collected through questionnaires. A total of 235 copies of questionnaires were distributed, out of which 231 copies were received with response rate of 98.29%. The findings of the study revealed that most of the trainees use the internet for entertainment purposes followed by enhancement of knowledge. Slow internet speed and lack of access to certain websites are the major obstacles to the use of internet. Training and orientation sessions, hands-on practice on online searching techniques, use of HEC digital library and provision of high bandwidth fiber optics internet are the tools with the help of which potential internet usage can be promoted and developed

Organizational Performance and Entrepreneurial Orientation: The Intervening Role of Organizational Learning

Many past studies have examined the association between entrepreneurial orientation (E.O.) and organizational performance (O.P.). However, these studies have not adequately addressed the mediating roles of acquisition learning (A.L.) and experiential learning (E.L.) on organizational performance. Given this gap, we have developed a new model that contains six direct relationships, three mediating relationships, and one multi-mediating relationship. The focus of the study was on Indonesian Pharmaceutical SMEs. We have collected a sample of 365 respondents non-randomly. For statistical analysis, we have used Smart PLS version 3.2. The statistical analysis includes reliability, validity, and descriptive statistics. The results confirm that acquisition learning (A.L.), experiential learning (E.L.), and entrepreneurial orientation (E.O.) promote organizational performance (O.P.). We also found that entrepreneurial orientation (E.O.) impacts acquisition learning (A.L.) and innovative performance (I.P.) but does not affect organizational performance (O.P.). However, the results suggest that acquisition learning (A.L.) and experiential learning (E.L.) are positively linked. Our results also support all the mediating relationships

Fundamentals Applications of Controlled Release Drug Delivery

The advancement of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics highlighted the important role of drug release kinetics in the determination of therapeutic outcomes of treatments. The advent of modified release dosage forms marked a significant innovation. Technological progressions in coating methods gained momentum in the late 1800s, encompassing innovations like sugar and enteric coatings applied to pills and tablets. Subsequent advancements led to the refinement of enteric coatings for tablets, which eventually evolved into the incorporation of a secondary drug within the sugar coating layer. However, the initial patent for oral-sustained release formulations was awarded to Lipowski. His formulation comprised miniature-coated beads designed to achieve gradual and consistent drug release. This concept was subsequently refined by Blythe, leading to the introduction of the first commercially available sustained release product. Over the last three decades, the escalating complexities associated with bringing new drugs to market, coupled with the recognized merits of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (CRDDS). Presently, oral controlled drug delivery systems have emerged as significant avenues, particularly for compounds characterized by high water solubility and abbreviated biological half-lives. Beyond oral administration, diverse routes such as transdermal, ocular, vaginal, and parenteral approaches are utilized for controlled release of various therapeutic agents

Experimental validation of bulk-graphene as a thermoelectric generator

Quest for alternate energy sources is the core of most of the research activities these days. No matter how small or large amount of energy can be produced by utilizing the non-conventional techniques and sources, every bit of innovation can reshape the future of energy. In this work, experimental analysis of the thermoelectric (TE) properties of bulk-graphene in the temperature range of (303 to 363) K is presented. Graphene powder was pressed to form a pellet which was used to fabricate the TE device. The effects of temperature on the Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivities, and the dimensionless figure of merit (FOM) were measured. The increasing value of the Seebeck coefficient (thermopower) with temperature is indicant of the metallic behavior. Additionally, the observed thermopower (TEP) is positive, which shows that the majority charge carriers are holes and peaked to a value of 56 μV K-1 at 363 K. The thermopower of the pellet is four times larger than the previously reported values for single layer graphene (SLG) and few layer graphene (FLG). In addition to this, low values of the thermal conductivity were observed for the pellet which is one of the requirements of a good TE material. Besides this, an upward trend is observed with increasing temperature for FOM, which attains a peak value of 0.0016 at 363 K, which is almost ten times that of the previously reported values

Investigation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory potential and ADMET studies of pure compounds isolated from Isodon rugosus Wall. ex Benth

The strong ethnopharmacological utilization of Isodon rugosus Wall. Ex. Benth is evident in the treatment of several types of pain and inflammation, including toothache, earache, abdominal pain, gastric pain, and generalized body pain and inflammation. Based on this background, the antinociceptive effects of the crude extract, various fractions, and essential oil have been reported previously. In this research work, we isolate and characterize pure bioactive compounds from I. rugosus and evaluate possible mechanisms using various in vivo and in vitro models. The pure compounds were analyzed for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities through various assays. The column chromatography of the chloroform fraction of I. rugosus led to the identification of two pure compounds, i.e., 1 and 2. Compound 1 demonstrated notable inhibition (62% writhing inhibition, 72.77% COX-2 inhibition, and 76.97% 5-LOX inhibition) and anti-inflammatory potential (>50% paw edema inhibition at various intervals). The possible mechanism involved in antinociception was considered primarily, a concept that has already been elucidated through the application of naloxone (an antagonist of opioid receptors). The involvement of adrenergic receptors was investigated using a hot plate model (an adrenergic receptor antagonist). The strong ethnomedicinal analgesic background of I. rugosus, supported by previous reports and current observations, leads to the conclusion that I. rugosus is a potential source of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds. It may be concluded from the results that the isolated analgesic compounds of I. rugosus may be a possible alternative remedy for pain and inflammation management with admirable efficacy and safety profiles

Combustion and explosion characteristics of pulverised wood, valorized with mild pyrolysis in pilot scale installation, using the modified ISO 1 m(3) dust explosion vessel

Featured Application Design of explosion safety measures for torrefaction installations and design of pulverized-fired burners for biocoal. Biomass is a renewable energy source with great potential worldwide and in the European Union. However, valorization is necessary to turn many types of waste biomass into a tradable commodity that has the potential to replace coal in power plants without significant modifications to firing systems. Mild pyrolysis, also known as torrefaction, is a thermal valorization process of low-quality biomass that could be suitable for such a purpose. In this work, typical Spruce-Pine-Fir residues from a sawmill were tested in terms of the explosion and flame propagation properties. The ISO 1 m(3) dust explosion vessel was used, with a modified and calibrated dust dispersion system that could cope with very coarse particles. The deflagration index, K-st, was higher for the torrefied sample, with a peak at 36 bar m/s compared with 27 for the raw biomass. The peak flame speeds were similar for both samples, reaching 1 m/s. The peak P-max/P-i was between 7.3 and 7.4 bar for both untreated and torrefied biomass. The mechanism for coarse particle combustion is considered to be influenced by the explosion-induced wind blowing the finer fractions ahead of the flame, which burns first, subsequently devolatilizing the coarser fractions.Web of Science1224art. no. 1292