PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LIMBAH KULIT KOPI (COFFEA SP.) AMONIASI SEBAGAI PAKAN ALTERNATIF TERHADAP PERTAMBAHAN BOBOT AYAM BROILER

Kata kunci: Limbah kulit kopi, amoniasi, ayam broilerPemanfaatan limbah kulit kopi sebagai pakan alternatif untuk ayam broiler terkendala oleh tingginya kandungan lignin yang terdapat didalamnya. Pemberian perlakuan amoniasi dapat menurunkan kandungan lignin yang terdapat di dalam limbah kulit kopi. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian limbah kulit kopi amoniasi sebagai pakan alternatif terhadap pertambahan bobot ayam broiler.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode eksperimental dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 6 perlakuan pemberian pakan dengan konsentrasi limbah kulit kopi amoniasi yang berbeda-beda yang meliputi P0: Kontrol Positif, P1: 0%, P2: 5%, P3: 10%, P4: 15% dan P5: 20% dengan 4 kali ulangan pada setiap perlakuan. Faktor yang diukur sebagai parameter dalam penelitian adalah pertambahan bobot ayam broiler selama 6 minggu yang diukur pada minggu kedua, keempat dan keenam. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANAVA)

Simulasi Molecular Docking Senyawa Coumestrol dengan Protein Kapsid Virus Hepatitis B: Studi In Silico Potensi Senyawa Alami

Coumestrol adalah senyawa metabolit sekunder kelompok flavonoid yang ditemukan dalam berbagai tanaman seperti kedelai, kacang-kacangan, brokoli, dan bunga-bungaan. Senyawa tersebut memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai anti inflamasi, antioksidan, serta aktivitas estrogenik yang dapat membantu mengurangi risiko kanker payudara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensimulasikan interaksi coumestrol dengan target protein kapsid virus hepatitis B (HBV) dengan pendekatan in silico. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif melalui analisis molecular docking dengan teknik blind docking. Struktur 2D dan 3D dari coumestrol dikoleksi dari database senyawa PubChem, sedangkan struktur 3D protein kapsid virus hepatitis B dikoleksi dari database protein PDB. Analisis docking menggunakan AutoDock Vina yang terintegrasi dengan PyRx. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa binding affinity yang terbentuk dari kompleks coumestrol dan kapsid HBV berkisar antara -6.5 sampai -7 kkal/mol. Energi ini lebih rendah dari binding affinity protein target dengan ligan referensi yang berkisar -6.1 sampai -6.6 kkal/mol. Perbandingan visualisasi interaksi hasil docking membentuk binding site yang sama pada 9 residu asam amino, yaitu PHE 23, LEU 37, TRP 102, ILE 105, SER 106, THR 109, PHE 110, TYR 118, dan LEU 140. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa coumestrol memiliki bioaktivitas yang sama dengan ligan referensi, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai senyawa marker yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai penghambat replikasi HBV

The relationship between self confidence and competitive anxiety among male handball player during KARISMA 2019 / Muhammad Amirul Muhammad Khalil

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self-confidence and competitive anxiety among male handball player during KARISMA 2019. A total of 120 male subjects from handball team participated in KARISMA 2019 were selected through purposive sampling which aged 18 to 23. The participants completed the CSAI-2 questionnaire prior to the game. The result showed that self-confidence correlated negatively to subcomponents of competitive anxiety which are cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. It is possible that self-confident was an effective coping strategies and have perceived ability to control the anxiety levels. As conclusion, this finding suggested that it can be helpful as self confidence promotes coping strategies and stress management

Exports-led growth hypothesis in Pakistan: further evidence

The study considers the exports-led growth hypothesis using quarterly data over the period 1990-2008 in case of Pakistan. For this purpose, Ng-Perron unit root test, ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration and error correction method (ECM) for short run dynamics have been applied. Our results indicate that exports are positively correlated with economic growth confirming the validity of exports-led growth hypothesis. Exchange rate depreciation decreases and real capital stock improves economic growth.Exports, Economic Growth, ARDL Approach

PENGARUH MODIFIKASI MEDIA KARDUS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KETERAMPILAN TENDANGAN T PENCAK SILAT

ABSTRAK Persentase hasil Pengaruh Modifikasi Media Kardus Terhadap Hasil Belajar Keterampilan Tendangan T Pencak Silat pada Siswa Kelas XI di SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya masih rendah, khususnya dalam tendangan T pencak silat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Modifikasi Media Kardus Terhadap Hasil Belajar Keterampilan Tendangan T Pencak Silat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan menggunakan prinsip One group pre test post test design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas XI MM 1 yang berjumlah 34 siswa terdiri dari 32 siswa putra dan 2 putri. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen penilaian tendangan T pencak silat. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah dengan pre-test dan pos-test kemampuan tendangan T pencak silat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji beda mean pre-test dan uji beda mean post-test kemampuan tendangan T pencak silat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada Pengaruh Modifikasi Media Kardus Terhadap Hasil Belajar Keterampilan Tendangan T Pencak Silat pada siswa kelas XI di SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji-t, taraf signifikan 0,05 dengan nilai t test 7,201 > t-tabel 1.697, yang menunjukkan hipotesis alternative diterima. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan ada Pengaruh Modifikasi Media Kardus Terhadap Hasil Belajar Keterampilan Tendangan T Pencak Silat pada Siswa Kelas XI di SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya. Nilai rata-rata post-test sebesar 67,41 > 59,26 nilai rata-rata pre-test. Terbukti dengan adanya perhitungan persentase peningkatan sebesar 14 % Kata kunci : Modifikasi media kardus, hasil belajar, tendangan T pencak silat ABSTRACT The cardboard media modification utilization percentage on the T kick skill of Pencak Silat in XI graders of Vocational High School Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya was low. This study aims to find the effect of cardboard media modification on T kick skill. The research methodology was quasi experiment by using one group pre-post test design. The subjects were 34 students from XI MM 1 class which consist of 32 male students and 2 female students. The research instrument was T kick instrument of assessment of Pencak Silat. The researcher collected the data by using pre-test and post-test of T kick skill in Pencak Silat. In analyzing the data, the researcher compared the result of mean pre-test and mean post-test of T kick skill in Pencak Silat. The result of the study shows there is an effect of cardboard media modification on T kick skill of Pencak Silat in XI graders of Vocational High School Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya. It can be shown on the result of T-test is significant (<0,05). The result of T-test was 7,201 > T-table 1.697, it means the alternative hypothesis was accepted. The average score of post-test was higher than pre-test (67,41 > 59,26). Those post-test score increased become 14%. Thus, using cardboard media modification on T kick skill has an effect on XI graders of Vocational High School Muhammadiyah 2 Surabaya. Keyword : Modification of Cardboard Media, Learning Outcomes, T kick of Pencak Sila

Modelling And Analysis Of Stacked-Chip Scale Packages (S-Csps) Encapsulation Process Using Finite Difference Method [TK7874. K46 2007 f rb].

Pada hari ini, peranti-peranti mikroelektronik menjadi lebih padat, ringan dan mempunyai lebih fungsi, ini termasuklah pakej skala cip-bertingkat (S-CSP). Ia adalah satu teknologi yang memberi opsyen kepadatan pempakejan yang tinggi. Nowadays, microelectronic devices become more compact, lighter in weight and more functional, including Stacked-Chip Scale Package (S-CSP). It is a technology which has high density packaging options

Tensile and Flexural Properties of HDPE/Kenaf Composites with & without Compatibilizer

This project focuses on the tensile and flexural properties of natural fibers composites and the effects of compatibilizer on mechanical properties. In this study, HDPE/kenaf composites with and without compatibilizer were produced. The composites were prepared with 20%, 30% and 40% (wt.%) of fiber content. Continuous kenaf long fibers were layered between the layers of HDPE and fabricated by the compression moulding method. A maleic anhydride compatibilizer is added together to enhance the interfacial bonding of matrix-fiber in the composites. Tensile and flexural tests were done on the samples and the improvements on interfacial bonding of matrix-fiber were proved under field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The tested results were compared to the tensile and flexural properties of neat HDPE. It was observed that the effects of compatibilizer are significant on the tensile properties at 40% wt. of fiber content, with improvement of 214% and 347% on tensile strength and modulus, respectively. However, adverse effects of compatibilizer on tensile and flexural properties were observed in other fiber contents compared to that of specimens without compatibilizer

Power Optimization in Satellite Communication Using Multi-Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces

This study introduces two innovative methodologies aimed at augmenting energy efficiency in satellite-to-ground communication systems through the integration of multiple Reflective Intelligent Surfaces (RISs). The primary objective of these methodologies is to optimize overall energy efficiency under two distinct scenarios. In the first scenario, denoted as Ideal Environment (IE), we enhance energy efficiency by decomposing the problem into two sub-optimal tasks. The initial task concentrates on maximizing power reception by precisely adjusting the phase shift of each RIS element, followed by the implementation of Selective Diversity to identify the RIS element delivering maximal power. The second task entails minimizing power consumption, formulated as a binary linear programming problem, and addressed using the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) technique. The IE scenario presupposes an environment where signals propagate without any path loss, serving as a foundational benchmark for theoretical evaluations that elucidate the systems optimal capabilities. Conversely, the second scenario, termed Non-Ideal Environment (NIE), is designed for situations where signal transmission is subject to path loss. Within this framework, the Adam algorithm is utilized to optimize energy efficiency. This non ideal setting provides a pragmatic assessment of the systems capabilities under conventional operational conditions. Both scenarios emphasize the potential energy savings achievable by the satellite RIS system. Empirical simulations further corroborate the robustness and effectiveness of our approach, highlighting its potential to enhance energy efficiency in satellite-to-ground communication systems