HUBUNGAN LAMANYA MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS DENGAN GAMBARAN KARDIOMEGALI PADA PASIEN GAGAL GINJAL KRONIK DI RSUD DR. ZAINOEL ABIDIN

ABSTRAKPenyakit gagal ginjal merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia dilihat dari terjadinya peningkatan insidensi, prevalensi, dan tingkat morbiditasnya.Indonesia termasuk negara dengan tingkat penderita gagal ginjal yang cukup tinggi.Hemodialisis merupakan terapi yang paling banyak digunakan oleh penderita gagal ginjal kronik untuk meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup.Hemodialisis yang berkelanjutan diduga dapat memicu terjadinya kardiomegali akibat ditariknya darah dari dalam tubuh secara terus menerus oleh mesin dialisat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lamanya menjalani hemodialisis dengan gambaran kardiomegali pasien gagal ginjal kronik di RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2015-Januari 2016.Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional.Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling.Uji statistik yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data penelitian ini adalah uji chi square.Total subjek penelitian sebanyak 46 subjek. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan perempuan sebanyak 27 subjek (58,7%) dengan usia terbanyak pada kelompok usia 46-55 tahun sebanyak 13 subjek (28,3%). Sebanyak 29 subjek (63%) telah menjalani hemodialisis selama ?6 bulan dan dengan hasil foto toraks didapatkan CTR ?50% sebanyak 25 subjek (54,3%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara lamanya menjalani hemodialisis dengan gambaran kardiomegali dengan nilai p=0,000 (p

Relative Odds of Neck Pain to Helmet Use Among Motorcyclists: a Case-Control Study

Background: Neck pain is a widespread problem among motorcyclists, which is often neglected. There is limited research on the motorcycle's ergonomics, particularly in the context of the interaction between the riders and motorcycle. Motorcycle helmets have proven to increase the weight on the neck, thus causing more burdens which can lead to neck pain. Methodology: Case-Control study design was opted to measure the relative odds of neck pain in relation to the helmet use as an exposure. A total of 260 (mean age of 22.58 ± S.D. 1.95 years) undergraduate students were selected using purposive sampling. The case to control ratio was 1:4 (54 Cases and 206 Controls) where cases were defined as the motorcyclists having neck pain with a riding experience of more than one year. The neck pain and disability scale were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used to calculate the significant relationship and odds of neck pain amongst motorcyclists with and without helmet use. Results: The study results showed that out of 260 motorcyclists, 190 (73.1%) were helmet users, and 54 (20.8%) had neck pain, 70 (27.9%) helmet users had a neck pain prevalence of 11 (4.2%). The relative odd to have neck pain was 2.13 times more amongst the motorcyclists using the helmet as compared to that of non-helmet users. The logistic regression results showed significant results (P < 0.05) with regards to the BMI, helmet weight and duration of helmet use but did not show a significant relation with average motorcycle use per day unless it exceeded 70 kilometres. Conclusion: Use of helmet can be a potential cause of neck pain amongst motorcyclist users but the odds to have neck pain enhance with the increase in motorcycle use per day. The protective benefits are multi-fold for helmet use which outreaches the negative impact, including neck pain amongst motorcyclists

Treatment of Drinking Water in Economical Cost Perspective

It is observed that most economical way in treating the drinking water for humans with coagulation treatment cost is Rs.1.25 per litre calculated in case of open surface water but only Rs.0.15 cost for ground and water storage tanks samples, after treatment it is sure water is safe for drinking purpose. But boiling treatment of drinking water is not economical as compare to coagulation treatment because it covers the Rs. 2.5 to Rs. 1.0 it depends on nature of water quality to treat. This cost was applicable and useful for human\u27s drinking water treatment and save the medical treatment cost from suffering the painful water borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. Aluminium sulphate is coagulated which economical but with low price available and we must use it for canal water treatment because 5 to 10 percent toxins are present. In case of ground water and storage water tanks, treatment we no need coagulant we just need boiling of drinking water then it is sure that toxins and other organic material vaporized and drinking water free of low toxicity and safe to health

The Impact of Transformational Leadership Dimensions on Teachers' Pedagogical Competence

This study aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership dimensions on the pedagogical competence of madrasah teachers. Using quantitative methods, data were collected from 67 teachers using non-probability sampling techniques and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that idealized influence positively affects teacher pedagogical competence, meaning that the higher the idealized influence, the better the teacher's pedagogical competence. Conversely, inspirational motivation has an adverse effect, indicating that the lower the inspirational motivation, the better the teacher's pedagogical competence. Intellectual stimulation also has a significant effect; the higher the intellectual stimulation, the better the teacher's pedagogical skills. Individualized consideration has a significant effect; the greater the individual attention, the better the teacher's pedagogical competence. Collectively, these four variables affect teacher pedagogical competence. An important finding is the adverse effect of inspirational motivation, which may be due to a lack of support, limited training, or teacher preference for a more relaxed teaching style. This study provides implications for the importance of a balanced leadership strategy in madrasahs, emphasizing the role of idealized influence and intellectual stimulation in improving teaching competence. Schools must provide more professional development opportunities and create a supportive environment to improve teachers' pedagogical skills

Microbiological Botulinum Toxins Removing From Drinking Water Sources by Treatment of Coagulation Process

Water is a very important nutrient and responsible to maintain good health as well as proper performing the body functions, Water can remove the harmful toxins from the body. Infective disease produced by pathogenic microbes like bacteria, parasites and viruses including their metabolites as toxins are the known as most common and common health risk which connected with unsafe drinking water. It is expected; around 1.1 billion people worldwide have to drink unsafe drinking water per day. More than 95 % of these deaths are possible in low-income countries, where numerous causes like malnutrition, poor hygiene and sanitation create the immune deficiencies and specially factor such as unsafe drinking of water strongly affected on it. In the present study, C. Botulinum as bacterial specious and its related toxin botulinum toxins are detected in samples of ground water, water storage tanks and canal water but low values of toxins present in ground water sample and high values find in canal water sample.Coagulation process is used for removing the Botulinum toxins from drinking water source and giving the amazing results as show 92-97% toxins removes from drinking water samples by using the coagulant aluminium sulphate

Nanoporous silica coatings on implant surfaces: characterization, stability, biocompatibility and drug release properties

Nanoporous silica coatings for drug release purposes were prepared on medical implants. As substrate, we chose Bioverit® II, which is a commercial available glass-mica ceramic implant material. The coating was prepared by a dip-coating technique in which long-chain organic molecules act as placeholders for the pores. Characterization of the coatings by scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed a disordered nanoporous system with a layer thickness of 30–150 nm. The nanoporous structure was stable for about 12 h in a typical cell culture medium and rearranged to a packing of silica nanoparticles. The coating allowed cell attachment and showed excellent biocompatibility in cell culture tests independently of the particular cell type examined. In vivo, implant-tissue interactions were examined in the middle ear in a novel mouse model. Whole genome expression profiling showed no persisting inflammatory response in the presence of the implants. Release profiles of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin demonstrated that the coating is suitable for a local drug delivery. The drug loading capacity could be drastically increased after sulfonic acid modification of the Bioverit® II surface

Mitigation of environmental hazards of sulfide mineral flotation with an insight into froth stability and flotation performance

Today\u27s major challenges facing the flotation of sulfide minerals involve constant variability in the ore composition; environmental concerns; water scarcity and inefficient plant performance. The present work addresses these challenges faced by the flotation process of complex sulfide ore of Mississippi Valley type with an insight into the froth stability and the flotation performance. The first project in this study was aimed at finding the optimum conditions for the bulk flotation of galena (PbS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) through Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the second project, an attempt was made to replace toxic sodium cyanide (NaCN) with the biodegradable chitosan polymer as pyrite depressant. To achieve an optimum flotation performance and froth stability, the third project utilized two types of nanoparticles; silica (SiO₂) and alumina (Al₂O₃) as process aids. The fourth project investigated the impact of water chemistry on the process outcomes in an attempt to replace fresh water with sea water. In the last project, five artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models were employed to model the flotation performance of the ore which will allow the building of intelligent systems that can be used to predict the process outcomes of polymetallic sulfides. It was concluded that chitosan can be successfully used as a biodegradable depressant. Alumina nanoparticles successfully enhanced both froth stability and flotation performance while silica nanoparticles did not. Seawater had a negative effect on both the froth stability and the grade of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) but it improved the recoveries of both Pb and Cu minerals. Hybrid Neural Fuzzy Interference System (HyFIS) ML model showed the best accuracy to be adopted for automated sulfide ore flotation process in the future --Abstract, page iii

Managing the Quality of Chromium Sulphate during the Recycling From Tanning Waste Water

Quality management is a big issue during recovery and recycling process because if desired quality is not received during chromium recovery or recycling process, we may be faced another problem of recycled materials. This also seen that most important that the production processes is useless without taking specific required quality of chromium., in real way about 60%-70% of chromium salt is used as chemical interaction with the hides but 30%-40% of chemical chromium salt is wasted as the solid and liquid form. Therefore, the quality during the recovery process of the chromium sulphate from chromium wastewater that is most important step for controlling environmental pollution with some economical benefits. Recycling of chromium sulphate is possible by using chemical precipitation method for water treatment, two precipitating agents' magnesium oxide and calcium hydroxide plus alum are used for this purpose. Final findings showed that the optimum pH for efficient recovery with required quality was 8 and the Recycling of chromium sulphate was about 99(%) at pH 8 with good sludge with high settling rate. on the Base of these findings an economical production plant can be designed which are useful for quality improvement

Mesoporous silica coatings for controlled release of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin from implants

To generate bioactive coatings for medical implants, a novel procedure has been developed using a coating of mesoporous silica for controlled drug delivery. Plain glass slides were used as substrates. The mesoporous coatings were then loaded with the antibacterial drug ciprofloxacin. The drug release kinetics were investigated in a physiological buffered solution. The drug loading capacity of the unmodified mesoporous coatings was low but could be increased nearly ten-fold (to about 2 g cm-2 of the macroscopic surface) by functionalizing the mesoporous surface with sulfonic acid groups. To achieve a controlled drug release over an extended time period, further coatings were added. Covering the surface of the drug loaded mesoporous silica layer by dip-coating with bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane resulted in an organosiloxane layer which retarded the release for up to 30 days. By an additional evaporation coating with dioctyltetramethyldisilazane, the release of ciprofloxacin was prolonged for up to 60 days. The biocompatibility of the different coatings was tested in cell culture assays. The presence of the additional silane-derived hydrophobic coatings somewhat reduced the biocompatibility. The antibacterial efficacy of the materials was demonstrated by using clinically relevant biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. A test where the sequential release of ciprofloxacin (in 2 days intervals) and the bacterial viability were tested in parallel showed good concordance in the results. The material where a sulfonate-functionalized mesoporous silica layer is loaded with ciprofloxacin and then coated by an organosiloxane layer derived from bis(trimethoxysilyl)hexane showed the best results with regard to antibacterial efficacy and will further be tested in animal experiments

Factors Causing Stress and Impact on Job Performance, “A Case Study of Banks of Bahawalpur, Pakistanâ€

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the potential factors that cause stress, and how they affect the job performance of employees in banking sector of Pakistan. Design/Methodology: In this study a survey has been conducted with the help of questionnaire in which a likert scale and in depth face to face interviews have been used. Findings: Findings of the study shows that lower salaries, increased workload, market competition, management, peer support and behavior, longer time frames at work, lack of acknowledgement, public dealing and higher targets are the factors which causes stress and they negatively effects the performance of bank workers. Keywords: Stress, Market Competition, Peer, Acknowledgement, Performance