Textual Analysis of Print Media Text Discourse

Text analysis consists of linguistic analysis, which involves in terms of grammar, vocabulary and cohesion. Textual analysis is a process for researchers to gather information about how other human beings make sense of the world. Textual analysis comes from the work of researchers, theorists known as the French structuralists in the 1960s particularly the work of Roland Barthes (1915-1980). Media discourse is an interaction platform where the discourse is introduced to a listener; viewer or non-present reader either in spoken or written form. Written or spoken discourse is oriented to the readership or listing/viewing audience respectively (O Keeffe,2011). CDA describes the relationship between the language text, its meaning and the society focusing on the use of text types to show the particular meanings and relate the events.  But in this analysis we will analyze the text types and linguistic formal structure in the newspapers language. Editorials especially focus on the issues of national politics, political leaders, policy makers and the decision taken by leading politicians. This paper will analyze the newspapers “The Nation” of May and September. In this paper, we will analyze (i) the text types used in media discourse (open and close text) and (ii) the linguistic formal structure of media discourse.  In the linguistic formal structure  we will  analyze ‘Modality’, ‘Lexicalization’, ‘Direct and indirect discourse’, ‘sentence links’, ‘pronouns’,  and  ‘idioms’. The Fairclough analytical framework will be followed to analyze the text of newspapers. According to Fairclough’s framework of “communicative events” which can be categorized into three elements: text, discourse practice and sociocultural practice (Fairclough, 1995: 57). The sampled editorials May and September of “The Nation” will be analyzed to  explore  the answers of the above two research questions. Keywords: Textual Analysis, Media discourse, linguistic formal structure

A Study in the Developments of the Macro-Structure of Siraiki Dictionaries

The present study investigates and evaluates the macro-structure of the dictionaries of the Siraiki language. The main objective of this research is to explore the strengths and weaknesses of almost all the existing Siraiki dictionaries in the light of the modern postulates of lexicography. This research is of qualitative nature. A check-list of the properties of the macro-structure of dictionaries was prepared following the studies of Hartmann (1983), Bergenholtz and Trap (1995), Béjoint (2000), Hartmann (2001), Landau (2001), Jackson (2002), Bowker (2003) and Ahmad (2009, 2010). Seventeen dictionaries of the Siraiki language were collected from different sources and were analyzed. A list consisting of thirteen properties of the macro-structure of dictionaries was prepared. These dictionaries were divided into two sections: (a) dictionaries compiled before the creation of Pakistan and (b) dictionaries compiled after the creation of Pakistan. The study reported that the dictionaries, published before and after the partition, have been found with many deficiencies regarding their macro-structure. The most important components of the macro-structure of the dictionaries just like guide for user, symbol of pronunciation, encyclopedic note, middle matter, indices, information label and list of defining vocabulary were not entertained by a single dictionary.</p

Synthesis And Characterization Of Lithium-Modified Mesoporous Catalyst For Solvent-Free Selective Oligomerization Of Glycerol To Diglycerol

Biodiesel industry leads to the generation of about 10% glycerol as a co-product, which affects the overall biodiesel economy. This study examines a process for converting glycerol to a higher value product i.e. diglycerol via a solvent free base-catalyzed oligomerization process. The catalytic activity of different homogeneous alkali catalysts (LiOH, NaOH, KOH and Na2CO3) and heterogeneous catalysts (with different supports i.e. USY, SBA-15 and montmorillonite K-10 clay) was investigated and with the aim of improving the yield and selectivity to the desired product. The prepared solid catalysts were characterized to study their textural properties and their surface morphology using BET, SEM, EDX, TEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD, SAXS, and ICP-AES while Hammet indicator was used for characterizing their basic strength. LiOH exhibited high catalytic activity as indicated by almost complete glycerol conversion (99 %) but with poor selectivity (18%) towards diglycerol. Clay Li/USY was found to be active for glycerol conversion (98 %) with good polyglycerol yield (72 %) but the diglycerol selectivity was still rather low (29 %) under the same reaction conditions. SBA-15 experienced severe structural collapse after the alkali loading but the stability was improved with suitable amount of magnesium coating prior to lithium loading. 90 % glycerol conversion and 59 % polyglycerol yield were observed but the selectivity to diglycerol was observed at only 14 % for the Li10-Mg30/SBA-15 catalyst. Lithium modified montmorillonite K-10 (Clay Li/MK-10) was then prepared and its activity was investigated.High conversion of glycerol (86 %) and high selectivity to diglycerol (68 %) were observed under the same reaction conditions. The reaction behaviors for all prepared catalysts were also investigated based on the formation of diglycerol isomers (αα’, ββ’ and αβ isomers) in the final product mixture. Among the catalysts prepared, Clay Li/MK-10 was the most active one. Effect of various process conditions including the catalyst loading, reaction time and temperature were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions were found to give 61 % of diglycerol yield at 240 oC of reaction temperature with 3.35 wt % of catalyst and about 7 h of reaction time. Clay Li/MK-10 could also be reused but it experienced an activity drop of about 30.6 % after the first run. A mathematical model was successfully developed for most active catalyst Clay Li/MK-10. Low activation energy of 1.550 kJ/ mol was observed over this catalyst for the glycerol oligomerization reaction. In short, the Clay Li/MK-10 was an effective catalyst for the glycerol oligomerization process to diglycerol production. Industrially, the findings attained in this study might contribute towards promoting the biodiesel industry through utilization of its glycerol by-product in the form of highly valuable diglycerol

1-Ammonio­naphthalene-2-sulfonate

In the mol­ecule of the zwitterionic title compound, C10H9NO3S, an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond results in the formation of an almost planar six-membered ring (r.m.s daviation = 0.0150 Å), which is oriented at a dihedral angle of 1.63 (3)° with respect to the naphthalene ring system. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into a two-dimensional network

A comparative study of eggshell and commercial sorbent-based catalysts through synthesis and characterization for SESR process.

Hydrogen is a clean and valuable energy carrier, and there is growing consensus that a hydrogen-based economy could be the key to ensuring the long-term reliability and environmental friendliness of the world's energy supply. There are a variety of methods and technologies that may be used to produce hydrogen; among them, sorption-enhanced steam reforming is regarded as the way that is the most effective. For the purpose of making a decision about which catalysts to employ in SESR in the future, this study compared three distinct kinds of catalysts. The wet impregnation method was used to manufacture the waste-derived CaO-implemented Ni-based catalysts, which were then used in sorption-enhanced steam reforming (SESR) to produce hydrogen (H2). X-ray diffractometry (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were used to analyze the catalysts. XRD results showed that the crystallinity behavior for all types of catalysts such as 10NMA, 10NCMA-E, and 10NCMA was identical. The spinel compounds such as NiAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 were identified in all three types of catalysts. At high temperatures, such as at 800°C, all catalysts were stable, evident from TGA results. During three sorption cycles, the 10NCMA-based catalyst demonstrated the highest sorption capacity among the three varieties of catalysts, followed by the 10NCMA-E catalyst. During the first, second, and third calcination cycles, the 10NCMA-based catalyst released 23.88%, 22.05%, and 23.33% CO2, respectively. 10NCMA-E can be a potential catalyst for the SESR process by decreasing the material manufacturing cost and overall cost of the SESR process

Development of Reaction Kinetics Model for the Production of Synthesis Gas from Dry Methane Reforming

The energy supply systems dependent on fossils and municipal solid waste (MSW) materials are primarily responsible for releasing greenhouse (GHG) gases and their related environmental hazards. The increasing amount of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is the scientific community's main concern in this context. Reduction in the emission amount of both gases combined with the conversion technologies that would convert these total threat gases (CO2 and CH4) into valuable feedstocks will significantly lower their hazardous impact on climate change. The conversion technique known as dry methane reforming (DMR) utilizes CO2 and CH4 to produce a combustible gas mixture (CO+H2), popularly known as synthesis gas/or syngas. Therefore, this research study aims to explore and enlighten the characteristics of the DMR mechanism. The conversion behaviour of CO2 and CH4 was studied with modelling and simulation of the DMR process using MATLAB. The results showed that inlet gas flow has a significant impact on the reactions. In contrast, the inlet molar composition ratio of the reactions was found to have no substantial effect on the mechanism of DMR. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Activation of nano kaolin clay for bio-glycerol conversion to a valuable fuel additive

High production of biodiesel results in a surplus of glycerol as a byproduct that leads to a drastic decline in the glycerol price as well as overall biodiesel production. Alternative methods must be introduced for the economical process for biodiesel production via utilization of crude glycerol into valuable chemicals or fuel additives. This study introduces an ecofriendly process of solketal synthesis from glycerol and acetone in the presence of a novel metakaolin clay catalyst, which is a useful additive in biodiesel or gasoline, in order to enhance the octane number and to control the emissions. Moreover, kaolin clay catalysts are low cost, abundantly available, eco-friendly and one of the more promising applications for solketal synthesis. In this study, raw kaolin clay was activated with an easy acid activation technique, modification in physicochemical and textural properties were determined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Among all acid-treated catalysts, metakaolin K3 have shown best catalytic properties, high surface area and pore size after acid activation with 3.0 mol/dm3 at 98 °C for 3 h. Acetalization of glycerol with acetone carried out in the presence of an environmentally friendly and inexpensive novel metakaolin K3 catalyst. The maximum yield of solketal obtained was 84% at a temperature of 50 °C, acetone/glycerol molar ratio 6/1 and for 90 min with novel metakaolin clay catalyst. Effect of various parameters (time, temperature, acetone/glycerol molar ratio, catalyst loading) on the solketal yield and glycerol conversion was discussed in detail. This approach offers an effective way to transform glycerol into solketal—a desirable green chemical with future industrial applications

Aggressive Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign non odontogenic lesion of jaw that may show aggressive behavior. It is classified as aggressive and non-aggressive lesion on the basis of biological behavior and radiographic features. Central giant cell lesion is more frequent in children and young adult before the age of 30 years with female predilection, with characteristic radiological and histopathological features. Here we present a case of a 35 years old female with clinical and radiological diagnosis of central giant cell lesion in posterior mandible confirmed by histopathology. A surgical approach with regular follow up is the treatment of choice in most of the cases. Key Words: Calcitonin, Corticosteroid, Curettage, Enucleation, Giant cell lesio

Medico-Legal Cases (MLC) Presented at a Tertiary Care Center and Acute Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among the Survivors

Objectives:&nbsp;&nbsp;An observational, prospective study was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with victims of physical assault and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Material &amp; Methods:&nbsp;&nbsp;All the registered medico-legal cases reported to the emergency department of Gambat hospital were included in the study. The data was collected on a predefined questionnaire including age, gender, mode of injury, weapon of the injury, type of assault (blunt or penetrating), firearm injuries, and road traffic accidents from medico-legal registers. Impact of Event Scale (IES) was used to assess Post-traumatic stress disorder. Results:&nbsp;&nbsp;The mean age (SD) of victims was 29.3 (10.25) years. Blunt injuries were experienced by 47 (31.33%) victims. The majority of the victims suffered road traffic collision injuries, 59 (39.33%). Forty-eight (32%) victims had substantially higher IES scores (above 37) that confirmed severe PTSD that may contribute to the suppression of the immune system’s functioning among survivors. The majority of the victims were between 18 and 40 years. Conclusion:&nbsp;&nbsp;The most common cases were related to road traffic collisions followed by blunt injuries. The incidence rate of PTSD was also prevalent in these individuals. Thus, strategies should be developed to prevent such incidents and those who suffer from such traumatic events must be offered psychiatric consultation