Manẓūm al-Awjalī (An Apparatus of al-Aujaly)

The entire manuscript is available for download as a single PDF file. Higher-resolution images may be available upon request. For technical assistance, please contact [email protected]. Fieldwork Team: Dr. Mustapha Hashim Kurfi (Principal Investigator), Mohammed Bara’u Musa & Hauwa Usman (Local Project Managers), Adamu Mohammed, Abacha Kachalla, Abdrra’uf Abdullahi & Falmaa Madu Ibrahim (General Field Facilitators), and Haladu Mamman (Photographer). Technical Team: Prof. Fallou Ngom (Director African Studies Center), and Eleni Castro (Technical Lead, BU Libraries). These Collections of Fulfulde & Kanuri Ajami materials are copied as part of the African Studies Center’s African Ajami Library. Access Condition and Copyright: These materials are subject to copyright. All rights reserved to the author. For use, distribution or reproduction contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]). Citation: Materials in this web edition should be cited as: Kurfi, Mustapha Hashim, Ngom, Fallou, and Castro, Eleni (2019). African Ajami Library: Digital Preservation of Fulfulde & Kanuri Ajami Materials of Northeastern Nigeria. Boston: Boston University Libraries: http://hdl.handle.net/2144/38242. For Inquiries: Please contact Professor Fallou Ngom ([email protected]).Provenance / Custodial history: This manuscript is owned by Alhaji Bashir who was born and raised in Damask in Borno State in northeastern Nigeria. He is a graduate of the University of Maiduguri, and has a Bachelor’s degree in Linguistics. He said that his interest in Kanuri Ajami, coupled with his background (being Kanuri himself and a linguist), motivate him to develop a collection of Kanuri Ajami texts. Alhaji Bashir has extensive Islamic knowledge and currently works for the Borno State government.This manuscript is a very short work in Arabic with extensive explicatory glosses in Kanuri Ajami. It has two parts. The first is Shaykh Muḥammad Ṣāliḥ’s work dealing with tawḥīd (oneness of God), the five pillars of Islam, the attributes of Allāh, the articles of faith, and elaborated notes on the characteristics of the Almighty God. The second part of the work deals with anger, anxiety, and depression. It provides words of wisdom on how to manage, control and eradicate these conditions. Both parts (tawḥīd and anger management) are written as poems. It is unclear whether the author of the first part is the same as author of the second part. The manuscript reflects the long history of Islamic scholarship in Kanem-Borno. The manuscript is unbound, complete, easy to read, and has no damaged pages. The total number of pages is only 11.The contents of this collection were developed with support of the Title VI National Resource Center grant # P015A180164 from the U.S. Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government

Peningkatan Pendapatan Kesejahteraan Keluarga di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Pada Penjual Makanan Di Kawasan Boulevard II Kelurahan Sindulang Dua Kecamatan Tuminting Kota Manado)

Kesejahteraan keluarga adalah suatu keadaan keluarga yang terpenuhi kebutuhan dasar, sosial maupun kebutuhan untuk pengembangan secara optimal. Sejahtera ialah kondisi atau keadaan yang baik, kondisi dimana dalam keadaan makmur, sehat dan damai. Karena kesejahteraan merupakan sesuatu dambaan setiap orang, dalam kehidupan pastilah semua orang mencari yang namanya kesejahteraan. Keadaan yang terjadi pada masa pandemi Covid-19 membawa pengaruh yang begitu besar terhadap pendidikan dan ekonomi karena segala sesuatunya dikerjakan dari rumah secara tidak langsung memberikan tantangan tersendiri bagi setiap orang menghadapi keadaan tersebut tanpa terkecuali termasuk para pelaku dunia usaha. Kegiatan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah atau UMKM yang ada di Boulevard II para penjual yang tidak di izinkan berjualan di tempat umum namun karena adanya komitmen antara pemerintah setempat dengan pedagang sehingga bisa berjualan dengan catatan harus mengikuti protokol Kesehatan seperti menyediakan tempat cuci tangan, menjaga jarak dan memakai masker. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. , penulis mengambil lokasi atau objek penelitiannya di wilayah Boulevard II, Kelurahan Sindulang Dua, Kecamatan Tuminting, Kota Manado. Dari hasil penelitian yang penulis dapatkan upaya penjual dalam memenuhi kebutuhan anggota keluarga mereka dengan berjualan di kawasan Boulevard II Kelurahan Sindulang Dua, yaitu sangat berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan kehidapan mereka karena dengan berjualan, mereka bisa membantu perekonomian keluarga di masa pandemi covid-19.  Kata Kunci : Pendapatan, Kesejahtraan Keluarga, Covid-1

Role of Investigating Officer (IO) in Criminal Proceeding: Bangladesh Perspective

Investigating officers (IO) play a prodigious role in the criminal justice system, because an investigation report is a very important document in most of the criminal cases, but sometimes it becomes a major obstacle in acquiring justice. Investigating office’s reluctance to appear in the court, false report given by IO or corruption may hinder victim’s access to justice. Investigating officers also face different challenges in case of an investigation and making a report which affects victims’ rights under the criminal justice framework. This paper cited primary bases as well as legislations, rules and regulations; and secondary bases comprising books, journals, law reports, periodicals and other resources from the internet. Consequently, an endeavour has been made to reconnoitre role of IO in the present procedure and practice of criminal investigation in Bangladesh. Specially, the challenges in the practice of investigation in Bangladesh are assessed. A mass of suggestions is also offered with the assumption that the reforms in the criminal justice system should be initiated first at the investigation stage. This article also attempts to disclose the role of IO under criminal proceedings and different obstacles as they face in Bangladesh, which may affect victims in criminal proceedings. Keywords: Investigation, Criminal Proceeding, Police Report, Role of Investigating officer, Justice

PENERAPAN FP-GROWTH DALAM PENJUALAN PERLENGKAPAN IBADAH UMAT MUSLIM

AbstractAnugrah Shop is one of the shops that sells Muslim worship equipment, where the items sold include caps, sarongs, turban, kebat sides, koko clothes, mukena, prayer veils, shirts, ihram clothes and prayer beads. For approximately 18 years this shop has been operating, and the level of sales of goods has increased more and more. However, in the last 1 year there has been a problem, where the percentage of unsold goods was 60% compared to the goods sold as much as 40%. This condition certainly makes shops get less than optimal benefits, coupled with the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic which is very influential, especially decreasing people's purchasing power. In addition, the placement of goods is also irregular due to the accumulation of goods and no storage warehouse is available. Therefore, themethod is used FP Growth to analyze the pattern of combinations of goods sold and unsold, so that it is expected to increase the percentage of sales which has been a problem. The results of this research can find the most sold products, namely the cap, koko shirt and sarong. The conclusion is that the products of the cap, koko shirt, sarong with avalue of support 21.9% and avalue of confidence 90.60%.Keywords: Muslims, Covid-19, FP-Growth, support, confidenceToko Anugrah merupakan salah satu toko yang menjual perlengkapan ibadah umat muslim, dimana barang yang dijual antara lain peci, sarung, sorban, samping kebat, baju koko, mukena, sejadah, kerudung, kemeja, baju ihram dan tasbih. Selama kurang lebih 18 tahun toko ini beroperasi, dan tingkat penjualan barang pun bertambah semakin banyak. Namun dalam satu tahun terakhir terjadi permasalahan, dimana persentase barang yang tidak terjual sebanyak 60% berbanding barang yang terjual sebanyak 40%. Kondisi ini tentunya membuat pihak toko mendapatkan benefit yang kurang maksimal, ditambah dengan efek pandemi Covid-19 yang sangat berpengaruh terutama menurunnya daya beli masyarakat. Selain itu penempatan barang juga tidak beraturan yang diakibatkan penumpukan barang dan belum tersedia gudang penyimpanan. Oleh karena itu digunakan metode FP Growth untuk menganalisa pola kombinasi barang yang terjual dan tidak terjual, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan persentase penjualan yang selama ini menjadi masalah. Hasil penelitian inilah dapat ditemukannya produk yang paling banyak terjual yaitu peci, baju koko dan sarung, dengan menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa produk peci, baju koko, sarung dengan nilai support 21,9% dan nilai confidence 90,60%.Kata kunci : Umat muslim, Covid-19, FP-Growth, support, confidenc

PENERAPAN FP-GROWTH DALAM PENJUALAN PERLENGKAPAN IBADAH UMAT MUSLIM

AbstractAnugrah Shop is one of the shops that sells Muslim worship equipment, where the items sold include caps, sarongs, turban, kebat sides, koko clothes, mukena, prayer veils, shirts, ihram clothes and prayer beads. For approximately 18 years this shop has been operating, and the level of sales of goods has increased more and more. However, in the last 1 year there has been a problem, where the percentage of unsold goods was 60% compared to the goods sold as much as 40%. This condition certainly makes shops get less than optimal benefits, coupled with the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic which is very influential, especially decreasing people's purchasing power. In addition, the placement of goods is also irregular due to the accumulation of goods and no storage warehouse is available. Therefore, themethod is used FP Growth to analyze the pattern of combinations of goods sold and unsold, so that it is expected to increase the percentage of sales which has been a problem. The results of this research can find the most sold products, namely the cap, koko shirt and sarong. The conclusion is that the products of the cap, koko shirt, sarong with avalue of support 21.9% and avalue of confidence 90.60%.Keywords: Muslims, Covid-19, FP-Growth, support, confidenceToko Anugrah merupakan salah satu toko yang menjual perlengkapan ibadah umat muslim, dimana barang yang dijual antara lain peci, sarung, sorban, samping kebat, baju koko, mukena, sejadah, kerudung, kemeja, baju ihram dan tasbih. Selama kurang lebih 18 tahun toko ini beroperasi, dan tingkat penjualan barang pun bertambah semakin banyak. Namun dalam satu tahun terakhir terjadi permasalahan, dimana persentase barang yang tidak terjual sebanyak 60% berbanding barang yang terjual sebanyak 40%. Kondisi ini tentunya membuat pihak toko mendapatkan benefit yang kurang maksimal, ditambah dengan efek pandemi Covid-19 yang sangat berpengaruh terutama menurunnya daya beli masyarakat. Selain itu penempatan barang juga tidak beraturan yang diakibatkan penumpukan barang dan belum tersedia gudang penyimpanan. Oleh karena itu digunakan metode FP Growth untuk menganalisa pola kombinasi barang yang terjual dan tidak terjual, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan persentase penjualan yang selama ini menjadi masalah. Hasil penelitian inilah dapat ditemukannya produk yang paling banyak terjual yaitu peci, baju koko dan sarung, dengan menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa produk peci, baju koko, sarung dengan nilai support 21,9% dan nilai confidence 90,60%.Kata kunci : Umat muslim, Covid-19, FP-Growth, support, confidenc

Dakwah Melalui Radio (Analisis Program Konsultasi Agama Islam Di Radio Mesra Fm)

For media information, radio playing a significant role in conveying the values of Islam which is very important in the formation of a true Muslim personalities in accordance with the demands of the Prophet Muhammad. The existence of an Islam-based radio is felt to be very important because Islam should be spread widely and truth telling is the responsibility of the Muslims as a whole. As word of Allah in Surah al-Imran: 104.`Dari permaslahan above authors take the title essay propaganda through radio (program analysis consultancy Islam in Mesra radio FM) as the research object because the writer wanted to know how the production process of consultation Islam, what enabling and inhibiting factors Islam consultation program and analyze descriptively Islam consultation program. This research is using the case study method with the aim to explain the phenomenon through data collection techniques. This type of research is descriptive qualitative approach and used the theory of critical theory and the theory of mechanics.Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah program konsultasi agama Islam merupakan program mingguan yang mengudara mulai pukul 10.30-11.30 disetiap hari Jum\u27at. The program has a dialog format or interactive manner. Factors supporting the consultation program of Islam, namely: Supported by the government and people of the city of Pare Pare while the limiting factor is the lack of public interest in consulting the religion of Islam, the lack of infrastructure in implementing the program, bad weather at the time of the program which affects not maximal broadcasting. Islam consultation program is very useful for people, especially in the town of Pare Pare, for answering complaints or problems faced by the people in the religious practice of Islam

DAKWAH MELALUI RADIO (ANALISIS PROGRAM KONSULTASI AGAMA ISLAM DI RADIO MESRA FM)

For media information, radio playing a significant role in conveying the values of Islam which is very important in the formation of a true Muslim personalities in accordance with the demands of the Prophet Muhammad. The existence of an Islam-based radio is felt to be very important because Islam should be spread widely and truth telling is the responsibility of the Muslims as a whole. As word of Allah in Surah al-Imran: 104.`Dari permaslahan above authors take the title essay propaganda through radio (program analysis consultancy Islam in Mesra radio FM) as the research object because the writer wanted to know how the production process of consultation Islam, what enabling and inhibiting factors Islam consultation program and analyze descriptively Islam consultation program. This research is using the case study method with the aim to explain the phenomenon through data collection techniques. This type of research is descriptive qualitative approach and used the theory of critical theory and the theory of mechanics.Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah program konsultasi agama Islam merupakan program mingguan yang mengudara mulai pukul 10.30-11.30 disetiap hari Jum’at. The program has a dialog format or interactive manner. Factors supporting the consultation program of Islam, namely: Supported by the government and people of the city of Pare Pare while the limiting factor is the lack of public interest in consulting the religion of Islam, the lack of infrastructure in implementing the program, bad weather at the time of the program which affects not maximal broadcasting. Islam consultation program is very useful for people, especially in the town of Pare Pare, for answering complaints or problems faced by the people in the religious practice of Islam

Marketing of Orange Fruit in Maiduguri Metropolitan Area, Borno State, Nigeria

This study examined the marketing of orange fruit in Maiduguri. Primary data were obtained from the respondents with the use of structured questionnaires that were filled through interviews from 60 respondents. 30 wholesalers were randomly selected from the major wholesale market and 30 retailers, were also randomly selected, ten each from three different wards of the town. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the marketers as well as the problem associated with the orange fruit marketing. Gross margin analysis was used to determine the profitability of the marketing, while Gini coefficient was used to determine the degree of market concentration. The results show that all orange marketers were in their economically active age and are mostly males with very few educated up to tertiary level (ten percent). The cost and returns analysis showed that the gross margin per marketer per week for wholesalers is N 228,500, while for retailers is lower at N 6,355.  However, the gross margin per kilogramme of N 30 for the wholesale market is less than that for the retail market which stood at N 41/kg. The wholesale market has a high level of market concentration with a Gini coefficient of 0.813, while the retail market has a lower degree of concentration with a coefficient of 0.466. The markets therefore have monopolistic and oligopolistic tendencies respectively. Problems mentioned by the marketers include shortage of capital and storage facilities. The study therefore recommends that credit at favourable terms and modern storage facilities be provided to the marketers. This can enable them to expand their scale and possibly lower their cost. This could lead to lower prices to consumers and hence increased intake of orange fruits for better health outcomes. Keywords: Orange, market channel, profitability, market structure DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-22-02 Publication date: November 30th 201

Distribution and abundance of freshwater snails in Warwade Dam, Dutse, Northern Nigeria

Preliminary investigation in August, 2017 reported the presence of Lymnaea natalensis, Bellamya unicolor, Melanoides tuberculata and Bulinus globosus in order of increasing abundance and distribution in Warwade dam, Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria. A follow up study was carried out from April to October, 2019 to reveal further details on the abundance and distribution of freshwater snails in relation to some physiochemical factors of the dam. Four sampling sites; human activity, vegetation cover, lentic and lotic were selected for the study along the bank of the dam. Freshwater snails were collected using long handled scoop net with mesh 0.2mm complemented by hand picking methods in the four sampling sites. Water samples from the sampling sites were analyzed in the laboratory using standard procedures. A total of 2,027 of freshwater snails belonging to ten species were identified. Bulinus globosus 12(0.6%) and Lymnaea natalensis 12(0.6%) had the lowest abundance and distribution while Melanoides tuberculata 1553(76.6%) had the highest. Snail abundance was highest in site characterized by human activities (670) followed by vegetation (482), lotic (442) and lentic (433) waters. Most of the physico-chemical factors measured appeared to favour the growth and survival of fresh water snails. pH (p = 0.01), water current (p = <0.01) and magnesium ion concentration (p = < 0.01) varied significantly across the four sites. Only calcium ion concentration was significantly associated with snail abundance (p = 0.04). Snail abundance showed weak positive relationship with water temperature, color, turbidity and concentration of magnesium ion. The dam habours about ten species of freshwater snails in different abundance and distribution with M. tuberculata being the most abundant throughout the period of investigation. The dominance of M. tuberculata over other species particularly those of medical and veterinary importance could have positive implication for their control in the dam

Antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs and cats

Aims: Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is increasing gradually towards those antibiotics that are frequently used leading to limited therapeutic options due to multidrug resistance. The objectives of the study were to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of S. pseudintermedius isolates from pet and stray dogs and cats in Selangor, Malaysia and to detect the resistance genes (mecA and BlaZ) within the isolates. Methodology and results: A total of 200 stray and pet dogs and cats were sampled. The samples were cultured onto Mannitol Salt agar and all the presumptive colonies were subcultured, then identified using biochemical tests and confirmed by PCR assay targeting the nuc gene. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test against 12 antibiotics. Twenty three isolates (11.5%) were positive to S. pseudintermedius (stray cats, 11/50; stray dogs, 9/50; pet dogs, 3/50 and pet cats, 0/50). One hundred percent (100%) of the S. pseudintermedius isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline while they showed 100% susceptible to oxacillin, amoxicillinclavulanic acid, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, cephalexin and rifampicin. The blaZ gene which codes for β-lactamases production was found in all of the isolates that were resistant to penicillin but not to methicillin. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: A high number of S. pseudintermedius from dogs and cats developed antibiotic resistance which is a public health concern