Nuevos datos de distribución de ranas de cristal (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) en el oriente de Ecuador, con comentarios sobre la diversidad en la región

We present new information on the latitudinal and altitudinal distribution of five species of recently-described or poorly-known glassfrogs from eastern Ecuador. We include novel data on its body size and natural history. Information on the diversity and biogeography of the centrolenid frogs of Eastern Ecuador is discussed, finding them associated with six vegetation formations distributed between the eastern Andean slopes and lowland Amazonia. We identify three important zones of diversity and endemism in Eastern Ecuador associated with the Napo, Pastaza, and Santiago river basins. The ecosystems of Low Montane and Foothill forests have the largest diversity and endemism of centrolenid frogs, however, 77% are threatened. It is vital to join effort to research and preserve this particular group of the Ecuadorian fauna.Presentamos nueva información que extiende la distribución latitudinal y altitudinal de cinco especies de ranas de cristal recientemente descritas y poco conocidas de la región oriental de Ecuador. Incluimos datos novedosos sobre su tamaño corporal e historia natural. Se discute información sobre la diversidad y biogeografía de ranas centrolenidas del oriente de Ecuador, encontrando que se encuentran asociadas con seis formaciones vegetales comprendidas entre las estribaciones orientales y la baja Amazonia. Identificamos tres importantes zonas de diversidad y endemismo en la región oriental de Ecuador asociadas con las cuencas hidrográficas de los ríos Napo, Pastaza y Santiago. Los ecosistemas de bosques Montano Bajos y Piemontanos concentran la mayor diversidad y endemismo para ranas centrolenidas, sin embargo 77% de ellas están amenazadas. Es trascendental juntar todos los esfuerzos posibles para investigar y conservar este substancial grupo de la fauna ecuatoriana

Eleutherodactylus zoilae Mueses-Cisneros, 2007, sp. nov.

Eleutherodactylus zoilae sp. nov. (Fig. 1 B, 4 A–D) Holotype. ICN 49787, adult female, one of a series collected by J. J. Mueses and Camilo Barrera on 26 January 2004. Type locality. COLOMBIA, Departamento del Putumayo, Valle de Sibundoy, Municipio de Santiago, Vereda Balsayaco, Reserva Natural Privada La Florinda, property of the Bernal family (ca. 01° 07' N, 76 ° 57 ' W), 2060–2280 m. Paratopotypes. ICN 49754 –59, 49761–3, 49766– 7, collected by J. J. Mueses, David Sánchez and Camilo Barrera on 18 January 2004; ICN 49768 –70, 49772–5, 49778–80, 49782–3, 49785–6, 49788, collected with holotype. Paratypes. COLOMBIA, Putumayo, Valle de Sibundoy, Municipio de San Francisco: forest behind municipal stadium (01° 10 ' N, 76 ° 51 ' W), 2550 m. (ICN 49789), collected by J. J. Mueses and Camilo Barrera on 28 January 2004; Vereda San Antonio del Porotoyaco, property of Franco Perafán (01° 09' N, 76 ° 52 ' W), 2400 m. (ICN 49751 – 2), collected by J. J. Mueses on 14 January 2004; Vereda San Antonio del Porotoyaco, between quebradas Porotoyaco and Secayaco (01° 09' N, 76 ° 52 ' W), 2300–2500 m. (ICN 49753), collected by David Sánchez on 16 January 2004. Referred specimens. (Juveniles). Municipio de Santiago, Vereda Balsayaco, Reserva Natural Privada La Florinda, property of Familia Bernal (ca. 01° 07' N, 76 ° 57 ' W), 2060–2280 m. (ICN 49760, 49764– 5), collected by J. J. Mueses, David Sánchez and Camilo Barrera on 18 January 2004; ICN 49771, 49776–7, 49781, 49784, collected with holotype; Vereda Vijinchoy, road to Volcán Patascoy, along Río Cristales (ca. 01° 07' N, 76 ° 59 ' W), 2180 m (ICN 49790 – 1) collected by J. J. Mueses on 11 July 2004. Diagnosis. 1) Skin of dorsum finely granular, that of venter areolate; dorsolateral folds absent; 2) tympanum distinct, 1 / 3 – 2 / 5 eye length; 3) snout subacuminate in dorsal view, rounded in lateral profile; canthus rostralis sharply concave; 4) upper eyelid bearing two conical or subconical tubercles; upper eyelid narrower than IOD; cranial crests low, only on posterior part of frontoparietals; 5) vomerine odontophores prominent, triangular and narrowly separated; 6) males with vocal slits and vocal sac, nuptial pads absent; 7) first finger shorter than second, Fingers II–IV bearing long pads, disks rounded to longer than wide; 8) fingers bearing fringes along lateral margins; 9) ulnar tubercles prominent, rounded and subconical; 10) knee, heel and outer border of tarsus bearing subconical tubercles; 11) inner metatarsal tubercle rounded, two to three times size of oval outer; supernumerary plantar tubercles few in number; 12) toes bearing lateral fringes, no webbing, toe disk as large as those on fingers; 13) in life, dorsum green pale or cream with dark brown stains reaching flanks; limbs with dark bars; throat white with or without irregular dark stains; chest and venter white; chest with a dark stain in form of “><”-shaped pattern; groin with an evident orange (or yellow in juvenile) spot; the dark transverse bars on the shank are clearly visible dorsally, and extend ventrally where they form a reticulated pattern; on the inner side of the shank has an orange coloration and on the outer side, a cream coloration (Fig. 4 B); iris gray or golden with black reticulation. Measurements of holotype (in mm). SVL 24.9; HW 10.1; head length 9.7; IOD 3.3; upper eyelid width 2.3; internarial distance 2.3; tympanum diameter 1.3; eye diameter 3.2; eye–nare distance 3.3; nare–snout distance 1.3; shank length 14.4; foot length 13.5; hand length 8.5. Measurements of the type series. The measurements of the type series are presented in Table 1. Natural history. Individuals were captured during the night, in disturbed forest, on grass and bushes up to 2 meters above ground. ICN 49789 was collected in a bromeliad 60 cm above the ground. The males have pale yellow testes and the females have a mass of pale eggs. The specimens produce an unpleasant odor when manipulated. Distribution. Known from Valle de Sibundoy in San Francisco and Santiago municipalities at elevations of 2060–2550 m. (Fig. 3). Remarks. Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga (2003) proposed the formation of a clade that includes E. chloronotus Lynch, E. corniger and E. vicarius Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza. They also proposed that if the sharply concave canthus rostralis is a synapomorphy, E. corniger and E. vicarius are sister species. Eleutherodactylus zoilae also presents the sharply concave canthus rostralis; consequently, if the supposition of Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga (2003) is correct, E. zoilae would form a clade with E. corniger and E. vicarius.Published as part of Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo, 2007, Two new species of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo, Colombia, pp. 35-43 in Zootaxa 1498 on pages 40-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17707

FAUNA ANURA ASOCIADA A UN SISTEMA DE CHARCOS DENTRO DE BOSQUE EN EL KILÓMETRO 11 CARRETERA LETICIA-TARAPACÁ (AMAZONAS-COLOMBIA)

Se hizo un seguimiento durante 34 días a un sistema de charcos dentro de un bosque en el kilómetro 11 vía Leticia-Tarapacá, con el fin de determinar qué especies de anuros se encuentran noche tras noche en el charco y cuáles de ellas presentan algún tipo de actividad reproductiva. Se identificaron 31 especies, ocho de ellas con actividad de canto, tres amplexantes, dos con posturas y siete con hembras grávidas. En 23 de los 34 días hubo actividad de canto escuchándose agregaciones, cantos no agregados y/o cantos individuales. Todas las agregaciones son conformadas por individuos de una misma especie y únicamente se observó una agregación por noche. La variación en la profundidad y extensión del charco se correlacionan positivamente con el número de ejemplares observados y/o capturados

Eleutherodactylus padrecarlosi Mueses-Cisneros, 2006, n. sp.

&lt;i&gt;Eleutherodactylus padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt; n. sp. &lt;p&gt;(Fig. 1)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Holotype.&lt;/b&gt; ICN 50086, one male of a series collected by Jonh Jairo Mueses&shy;Cisneros and Sonia Mahecha, 26 June 2004.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type locality.&lt;/b&gt; COLOMBIA, Santander, Municipio de Tona, El Diviso, km. 22 carretera Bucaramanga&shy;Pamplona, 1950 m.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Paratypes.&lt;/b&gt; Female ICN 50074, Santander, Municipio de Floridablanca, carretera desde Km. 18 carretera Bucaramanga&shy;Pamplona, hasta &ldquo;Casa de Tabla&rdquo; y quebrada La Torrentosa, 1500&ndash;1600 m collected 20 June 2004 by Jonh Jairo Mueses&shy;Cisneros. Males: ICN 50076, Floridablanca, Km. 18 carretera Bucaramanga&shy;Pamplona, quebradas entre Km. 18 y &quot;Casa de Tabla&quot;, 1500&ndash;1800 m. collected 20 June 2004 by Rafael Moreno and Ranc&eacute;s Caicedo; ICN 50077, 50082 5, Floridablanca, km. 18 carretera Bucaramanga&shy; Pamplona, El Brasil, 1750m collected 23 June 2004 by Jonh Jairo Mueses&shy;Cisneros, Sonia Mahecha, Rafael Moreno and Ranc&eacute;s Caicedo.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Referred specimens.&lt;/b&gt; (Juveniles) ICN 50072 3, 50075, Santander, Municipio de Floridablanca, carretera desde Km. 18 carretera Bucaramanga&shy;Pamplona, hasta &ldquo;Casa de Tabla&rdquo; y quebrada La Torrentosa, 1500&ndash;1600 m collected by Jonh Jairo Mueses&shy;Cisneros; ICN 50078 81, Floridablanca, km. 18 carretera Bucaramanga&shy;Pamplona, El Brasil, 1750m. collected by Jonh Jairo Mueses&shy;Cisneros, Sonia Mahecha, Rafael Moreno and Ranc&eacute;s Caicedo.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; (1) Skin of dorsum finely granular, that of venter areolate to finely areolate; dorsolateral folds absent, or if present, very short; (2) tympanum distinct, superficial, round, its length one&shy;half to one&shy;third that of eye; (3) snout acuminate in dorsal view, rounded in profile; canthus rostralis evident and rounded; (4) upper eyelid narrower than IOD, not bearing tubercles; no cranial crest; (5) vomerine odontophores prominent, triangular and narrowly separated; (6) males with vocal slits and vocal sac; nuptial pads absent; (7) first finger shorter than second; fingers II IV bearing pads, disks broader than long; (8) fingers bearing fleshy but narrow fringes along lateral margins; (9) reduced ulnar tubercles; (10) subconical tubercle on heel, no inner tarsal fold; (11) two metatarsal tubercles; inner oval, nearly 3 times as large as rounded subconical outer; supernumerary plantar tubercles low; (12) toes bearing lateral fringes, no webbing, toe disks smaller than those of fingers; (13) in life, dorsum dark brown with tenuous cream stains or dorsum green brown with dark brown and light brown stains; interorbital and dorsolateral bands light brown; venter brown&shy;gray or brown with tenuous gray or yellow stains; throat dark brown with light brown stains; limbs with brown bars; groin and concealed surfaces of thighs pink or red wine with some white dots; (14) adults small, SVL 20.2&ndash;23.6 mm (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; = 22.2 &plusmn; 1.3, n = 7) in males, 26.4 mm in one female.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Eleutherodactylus padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt; is very similar to &lt;i&gt;E. douglasi&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;E. carranguerorum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;E. savagei. E. padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt; differs from &lt;i&gt;E. douglasi&lt;/i&gt; by having the sacrum and the presacral vertebra not fused, absence of black and white spots on concealed surfaces of hindlimb and absence of bony tubercles along the lateral edge of frontoparietal and dorsal edge of zygomatic and otic rami of squamosal (Lynch 1996). From &lt;i&gt;E. carranguerorum&lt;/i&gt; it differs in body size (Kruskal&shy;Wallis test: H1, 16=11.13, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.00085 in males). Males in &lt;i&gt;E. carranguerorum&lt;/i&gt; measure to 32.7 mm SVL and females 41.7&ndash;50.7 (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; =45.4 &plusmn; 0.8 n =10) mm. SVL (Lynch 1994), versus 20.2&ndash;23.6 mm (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; = 22.2 &plusmn; 1.3, n = 7) in males of &lt;i&gt;E. padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt; and 26.4 mm in one female), supratympanic fold absent or reduced in &lt;i&gt;E. padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt; and manual tubercles differ in form and size. &lt;i&gt;E. padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt; differs from &lt;i&gt;E. savagei&lt;/i&gt; by the texture of the skin (finely granular in &lt;i&gt;E. padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt; vs. nearly smooth in &lt;i&gt;E. savagei&lt;/i&gt;), tubercle of the heel single and much more evident in &lt;i&gt;E. padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt;, discoidal folds absent in &lt;i&gt;E. padrecarlosi&lt;/i&gt; and the nasals extend laterally, nearly meeting the &lt;i&gt;pars facialis&lt;/i&gt; of the maxilla vs. nasal short laterally, separated from the &lt;i&gt;pars facialis&lt;/i&gt; of the maxilla in &lt;i&gt;E. savagei&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 2 C and D).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Etymology.&lt;/b&gt; The name is used as a noun in apposition, given in acknowledgment to my brother, the Father Carlos Alberto Mueses Cisneros, priest of the Redentorista community; for his unconditional support during my undergraduate biology studies.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description.&lt;/b&gt; Seven males, one female. Head slightly narrower than the body; slightly longer than wide; HW in males 38.3&ndash;40.7 (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; = 39.2 &plusmn; 0.9) % SVL., in female 39.9%; snout acuminate in dorsal view, rounded in lateral profile; nostril protuberant; EN of males&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; 100.0&ndash;113.7 (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; = 107.9 &plusmn; 4.5) % eye length, in female 113.9%; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region weakly concave; lips not flared; upper eyelid narrower in interorbital region; upper eyelid width 50.0&ndash;67.7% (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; = 59.6 &plusmn; 6.8) IOD in males, 54.9% in female; cranial crests absent; supratympanic fold absent or reduced, tympanum large, rounded; tympanum&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; length 38.3&ndash;54.7 (&lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt; = 45.0 &plusmn; 6.0) % eye length in males and 48.4% in female; dorsolateral fold absent or if present, very short.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Choanae rounded, moderately large, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; vomerine odontophores triangular in outline, nearby located, median and posterior to choanae, each bearing a row of 4 teeth; tongue rounded, longer than wide; not notched posteriorly, adherent to floor of mouth 2/4&ndash;3/4 of its extension; males with vocal slits and a subgular vocal sac.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Dorsum finely granular, in some specimens a dorsal middle line is observed, formed by flat tubercles from the interorbital region to supra&shy;anal region; skin of ventral surfaces areolate; discoidal folds not evident; limbs finely granulated in dorsal view; areolate ventrally; dorsolateral fold absent, or if present reduced up to tympanum level; flanks finely granulated to flat; ulnar tubercles low and concealed; palmar tubercle bifid, in &quot; V &quot; form, each prolongation of this as large as the tenar tubercle; supernumerary palmar tubercles scarce, but large, rounded and flat; subarticular tubercles small, elongated and slightly pointed; fleshy and slender fringes along lateral margins of fingers; disks on all fingers, rounded in finger I and broader than long in fingers II&shy;IV; in the female all fingers broader than long; disk of finger III smaller than tympanum; disks bearing ventral pads, wider than long; thumb slightly shorter than second finger; males without nuptial pad. Inner tarsal fold absent, series of small and flat tubercles along outer margin of tarsus; subconical tubercle on upper edge of heel; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, three times as long as wide; outer metatarsal tubercle subconical, 1/3&ndash;1/4 size of inner; supernumerary plantar tubercles reduced in number, small and slightly flat; subarticular tubercles elongated, slightly longer than wide; toes bearing fleshy and slender fringes along lateral margins of toes, no webbing; large disks on toes II&shy;V, smaller than those of outer fingers; toe V extending beyond the penultimate subarticular tubercle of toe IV or condition B (Lynch and Duellman 1997).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Color in preservative.&lt;/b&gt; Dorsum dark brown with or without an interorbital light brown bar that extends up to the mouth; lips with dark and cream brown bars; posterior limbs dark brown or with dark brown and cream bars; ventrally light brown to cream; throat dark brown with some light specks or cream with dark brown mottling; palms and plants dark brown; groin cream with a slight pink tone; flanks light brown or mottled.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Color in life.&lt;/b&gt; Dorsum dark brown with tenuous cream stains or dorsum green&shy;brown with dark brown and light brown stains; interorbital and dorsolateral light brown band; ventrally brown&shy;gray or with tenuous gray or yellow stains; throat dark brown with light brown stains; limbs with brown bars; groin and concealed surfaces of thighs pink or red wine with some white dots; iris silver or coppery above and under the pupil, with a brown middle band and black reticulation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Measurements of holotype (in mm).&lt;/b&gt; SVL 23.6, Shank 12.7, HW 9.2, head length 10.0, IOD 3.2, EN 3.0, eye length 3.0, NR 1.5, upper eyelid width 1.7, tympanum length 1.2&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Natural history.&lt;/b&gt; Individuals collected were captured during the night, on vegetation between 1&shy;1.5 meters above the ground beside small streams, roads and in cracks between two rocks in the splash zone of the stream in the type&shy;locality. Their call is a &ldquo;re&shy;re&shy;re&shy;rere&shy;rec&rdquo; or a &ldquo;re&shy;re&shy;re&shy;rec&rdquo; in some occasions. &lt;i&gt;Cochranella daidalea&lt;/i&gt; Ruiz&shy;Carranza and Lynch, &lt;i&gt;Hyalinobatrachium ibama&lt;/i&gt; Ruiz&shy;Carranza and Lynch, &lt;i&gt;Hyloscirtus callipeza&lt;/i&gt; (Duellman), &lt;i&gt;Eleutherodactylus bicolor&lt;/i&gt; Rueda&shy;Almonacid and Lynch, &lt;i&gt;E. douglasi&lt;/i&gt; Lynch, &lt;i&gt;E. miyatai&lt;/i&gt; Lynch, &lt;i&gt;E. prolixodiscus&lt;/i&gt; Lynch and &lt;i&gt;Bolitoglossa nicefori&lt;/i&gt; Brame and Wake also were collected at the study area.&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo, 2006, A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the western flank of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, pp. 29-35 in Zootaxa 1271&lt;/i&gt; on pages 30-34, DOI: &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/173268"&gt;10.5281/zenodo.173268&lt;/a&gt

El género osornophryne (amphibia: bufonidae) en colombia

Se presenta el estado actual del género Osornophryne en Colombia, basado en elexamen del material depositado en la colección batracológica del Instituto de CienciasNaturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se reporta la presenciapara Colombia de tres especies más del género. Se realiza una redescripción para O.antisana y O. talipes y se construye una nueva clave para las especies encontradas

Eleutherodactylus colonensis Mueses-Cisneros, 2007, sp. nov.

Eleutherodactylus colonensis sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A, 2 A–D) Eleutherodactylus eriphus— Mueses-Cisneros 2005: 235. (In part). Holotype. ICN 49805, an adult female collected by J. J. Mueses on 30 January 2004. Type locality. COLOMBIA, Putumayo, Valle de Sibundoy, Municipio de Sibundoy, Vereda Fátima, property of Emilia Campaña (ca. 01º 11 ’N, 76 º 52 ’W), 2400 m. Paratypes. COLOMBIA, Putumayo, Valle de Sibundoy, Municipio de Colón: property of Francisco Rivera, above Quebrada Afilangayaco and surroundings (01° 11 ' N, 76 ° 58 ' W), 2450 m. (ICN 49792, 49794), collected by J. J. Mueses and Jesús Benítez on 23 December 2003; path from San Sebastián to “La Cuchilla”, toward “La Rejoya” (01° 11 ' N, 76 ° 58 ' W – 01º 10 ’N, 76 º 59 ’W), 2200–2500m. (ICN 49795 - 7), collected by J. J. Mueses and Hernán Masmuta on 29 December 2003; Municipio de San Francisco, forest behind municipal stadium (01° 10 ' N, 76 ° 51 ' W), 2550 m. (ICN 49798 –9, 49803– 4), collected by J. J. Mueses and Camilo Barrera on 19 January 2004; Putumayo, km 80 on the road Pasto–Mocoa, (ca. 01° 07' N, 76 ° 50 ' W) 2750 m (ICN 26112), collected by Pedro M. Ruiz et al. on November 1982. Referred specimens. (Juveniles). Putumayo, Valle de Sibundoy, Municipio de Colón, property of Francisco Rivera, above Quebrada Afilangayaco and surroundings (01° 11 ' N, 76 ° 58 ' W), 2450 m. (ICN 49793), collected by J. J. Mueses and Jesús Benítez on 23 December 2003; Municipio de San Francisco, Vereda San Pablo, Reserva Natural Privada La Palma, property of Familia Pineda (01° 11 ' N, 76 ° 51 ' W), 2400–2550 m. (ICN 49800 - 2), collected by J. J. Mueses on 24 January 2004. Diagnosis. 1) Skin of dorsum granular, with two)(shaped prominent paravertebral folds, skin of venter slightly granulated; dorsolateral folds absent; 2) tympanum distinct, 1 / 3 – 2 / 5 eye length; 3) snout semirounded in dorsal view, rounded in lateral profile; 4) IOD as wide as upper eyelid, cranial crests present, prominent only on the posterior part of the frontoparietals; upper eyelid bearing one conical tubercle; canthus rostralis concave; 5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, triangular and moderately separated from each other; 6) males with vocal slits and subgular vocal sac, nuptial pads absent; 7) first finger shorter than second; fingers II–IV bearing large pads, disks broader than long; 8) fingers bearing narrow lateral fringes; 9) ulnar tubercles subconical, much more evident in males; 10) knee, heel and outer edge of tarsus bearing conical tubercles; 11) elongated inner metatarsal tubercle, 3 times size of rounded outer; numerous supernumerary tubercles; 12) toes bearing lateral fringes, not webbed; toe pads smaller than those of fingers; 13) dorsum dark brown, with narrow light brown irregular lines that extend toward the flanks, paravertebral folds light brown; ventrally, dark brown with light brown stains; flanks, shanks and thighs brown-cinnamon with narrow cream irregular lines; labial bars and canthal stripe brown-cinnamon delineated with cream; broad brown-cinnamon bars on throat; 14) adults small, SVL 15.1–19.5 mm (x = 17.4 ± 1.6, n = 8) in males, 25.6–30.1 mm (x = 27.6 ± 1.9, n = 4) in females. Eleutherodactylus colonensis is very similar to E. eriphus Lynch and Duellman, with which it is sympatric, but E. colonensis can be differentiated by the presence of prominent paravertebral folds (Fig. 2 A), smaller body size; in E. eriphus, SVL = 19.0– 25.8 mm in males, 30.4–35.1 mm in females), and color pattern (with narrow irregular bands on flanks, groin, thighs and shanks (Fig. 2 B); bands absent in E. eriphus). Additionally, in E. colonensis, the tip of Toe V does not reach the distal subarticular tubercle of Toe IV (condition B; Lynch and Duellman 1997), whereas the tip of the toe V reaches beyond the distal border of the distal subarticular tubercle (Condition C) in E. eriphus. E. colonensis is also similar to E. taciturnus Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, but the former differs from the latter by the presence of tympanum (Fig. 2 D) and of paravertebral folds; absence of postorbital folds, absence of small round tubercles over the skin of the dorsum (present in E. taciturnus) and the coloration pattern (narrow irregular cream lines on the flanks, thighs and shanks; pattern absent in E. taciturnus). The two chevrons on the chin in E. taciturnus form a “U” (Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga 2003), whereas the chin is without pattern in E. colonensis (Fig. 2 C). Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective and refers to the Municipality of Colón, Putumayo Department, as homage for my native town and where the species was found for the first time. Description. The proportions are based on seven adult males and three adult females. Head width approximately equal to width of the body; slightly wider than long in females, about equal in males; HW in males 40.1–43.4 % (x = 41.7 ± 1.2) of the SVL, 42.2–44.6 % (x = 43.1 ± 1.3) in females; snout semi-rounded in dorsal view, rounded in lateral profile; nostril protuberant; EN 81.8 –100.0% (x = 94.4 ± 7.7) of the Eye diameter in males, 87.7 –100.0% (x = 93.8 ± 6.2) in females; canthus rostralis evident and concave; loreal region concave; lips not flared; interorbital region slightly wider than upper eyelid in females, approximately equal in males; upper eyelid width 90.7 –122.0% (x = 102.5 ± 13.4) IOD in males and 73.0– 96.7 % (x = 84.7 ± 11.8) in females; upper eyelid bearing one conical tubercle (Figure 2 D); cranial crests present, projected on posterior part of frontoparietals; supratympanic fold absent; tympanum small, rounded; tympanum length 34.1–40.8 % (x = 37.2 ± 2.2) eye length in males and 34.4–42.3 % (x = 38.8 ± 4.0) in females. Choanae rounded to oval, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxillary arch; dentigerous processes of vomers triangular and narrowly separated, median and posterior to choanae, each bearing row of 5 or 6 teeth; tongue rounded, somewhat longer than wide, notched posteriorly; 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 of its extension adherent to floor of mouth; males with vocal slits and subgular vocal sac; long vocal slits, lateral to tongue. Dorsum granular, with two prominent paravertebral folds, forming a)(shaped pattern (Fig. 2 A); skin of ventral surfaces slightly granulated; discoidal folds not evident; limbs with some granules; dorsolateral and postorbital folds absent; flanks finely granulated; subcloacal tubercles subconical; ulnar tubercles present, low in females, subconical in males. Hands in males 34.0– 39.5 % (x = 36.2 ± 2.0) of SVL, 38.0– 41.1 % (x = 39.3 ± 1.6) in females; palmar tubercle bifid, each prolongation of this about 2 / 3 length of thenar tubercle; supernumerary palmar tubercles numerous, rounded to elongated and low; subarticular tubercles large, rounded and low; fleshy and narrow fringes along lateral margins of fingers; disks on all fingers, rounded on Finger I, extensively expanded on Fingers II–IV; disk of Finger III larger than tympanum (tympanum diameter 54.2 % of disk of Finger III); disks bearing ventral pads, somewhat longer than wide; Finger I shorter than second finger; males without nuptial pad. Foot in males 50.6–58.7 % (x = 54.6 ± 2.6) SVL, 41.2–60.5 % (x = 53.5 ± 10.7) in females; inner tarsal fold absent, series of conical tubercles along outer margin of tarsus; knee and heel bearing one conical tubercle each; tubercle on heel prominent; inner metatarsal tubercle oval, near three times length of elongated outer; supernumerary plantar tubercles numerous, rounded and low; subarticular tubercles rounded; toes bearing fleshy fringes along lateral margins; no webbing; disks on all toes, disks of toes II–V somewhat longer than wide, but smaller than those of fingers; Toe V longer that Toe III; tip of Toe V does not reach distal subarticular tubercle of toe IV (condition B; Lynch and Duellman 1997). Color in alcohol. Dorsum dark brown, rarely light brown; paravertebral folds cream, with or without light brown coloration between the folds; ventrally dark brown with irregular cream stains; limbs with dark brown and light brown stripes; flanks, groin, thighs and shanks dark brown with narrow cream lines (Fig. 2 B); lips, canthal region and border of the throat with dark brown rounded bars (Fig. 2 C). Color in life. Dorsum dark brown to cinnamon, rarely brown-yellow or brown-green; with brown-cinnamon bars in the canthal region; paravertebral folds light brown; flanks brown-cinnamon with white irregular narrow lines; groin, shanks and thighs brown-cinnamon with white irregular narrow lines; limbs with irregular dark brown bars; ventrally dark brown with white irregular stains; iris coppery, slightly reticulated. Measurements of holotype (in mm). SVL 30.1; HW 12.7; head length 11.9; IOD 3.6; upper eyelid width 3.0; internarial distance 2.8; tympanum diameter 1.5; eye diameter 3.6; eye–nare distance 3.6; nare–snout distance 1.6; shank length 18.2; foot length 12.4; hand length 11.5. Measurements of the type series. The measurements of the type series are presented in table 1. Natural history. All specimens were captured during the night, mainly on vegetation between 1 and 2 meters above the ground along small streams inside forest, and in clearings from 0.5 to 2 meters above the ground. Calling males were not heard; however, most of the males present white,well-developed testes. Distribution. Known from Valle de Sibundoy in Colón, San Francisco and Sibundoy municipalities at elevations of 2200–2750 m. (Fig. 3). Remarks. Edgar Lehr (in litt. 2007) has six specimens of E. colonensis from north of Ecuador; however although I have not examined Lehr’s specimens, there is not doubt that the species described here are also present in Ecuador because the Valle de Sibundoy is located nearly 80 km from the boundary between Colombia and Ecuador.Published as part of Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo, 2007, Two new species of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Valle de Sibundoy, Putumayo, Colombia, pp. 35-43 in Zootaxa 1498 on pages 35-39, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17707

A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the western flank of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia

Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo (2006): A new species of Eleutherodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the western flank of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia. Zootaxa 1271: 29-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17326

Fauna anfibia del valle de sibundoy, putumayo-colombia

La fauna Amphibia del Valle de Sibundoy consta de 32 especies agrupadas en dos órdenes, cinco familias y siete géneros. De éstas, cinco son especies nuevas cuya descripción se encuentra en proceso. Se amplía el límite altitudinal de otras siete y se presentan tres más para ser incluidas en la lista de anfibios de Colombia. A pesar de que en el lugar se han realizado colectas herpetológicas desde finales de los años sesenta, este estudio es el primero que se realiza en el Putumayo (uno de los departamentos menos muestreados del país)

Estudio preliminar de la fauna Amphibia del valle de Sibundoy, Alto Putumayo, Colombia

Se realiza el estudio preliminar de la fauna Amphibia del Valle de Sibundoy, Alto Putumayo, Colombia; mediante la construcción del inventario de la fauna Amphibia, el mejoramiento en el conocimiento&lt;br /&gt;de la distribución en los Andes norecuatorianos y surcolombianos de las especies involucradas y la relación en cuanto a la composición de esta fauna con la de los estudios realizados en el transecto Napo en Ecuador y transecto Montañita-Alto Gabinete en Caquetá. El estudio se basó en: 1) tres salidas de campo al Valle de Sibundoy (localizado al suroccidente de Colombia, entre 1º 05’ y 1º 12’ N y 76º 53’ y 77º 00’ O entre 2.000-2.750 msnm), realizadas en diciembre 2000-enero 2001, julio 2002 y diciembre 2003-febrero 2004, con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 198 horas/hombre; 2) revisión bibliográfica; 3) revisión de especímenes depositados en la colección de anfibios del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá (ICN) y en la revisión de la base de datos de la colección de Herpetología del Instituto de Investigaciones Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH) de los anfibios colectados en los departamentos de Caquetá, Nariño, Putumayo y en Ecuador. La fauna consta de 32 especies (313 especímenes) agrupadas en dos órdenes, cinco familias y siete géneros; para cada especie se presenta información&lt;br /&gt;sobre su historial taxonómico, reconocimiento, distribución geográfica (mapas de distribución y rangos altitudinales), coloración en vivo y en preservativo, abundancia y algunos aspectos relacionados con su historia natural; se realiza un análisis regional de esta fauna a nivel general&lt;br /&gt;(Valle de Sibundoy) y por localidades muestreadas, se hace una comparación con las faunas realizadas en el transecto Napo en Ecuador y en el transecto Montañita-Alto Gabinete en Caquetá y se presenta una clave taxonómica y una serie de fotografías para facilitar su  reconocimiento. El estudio además aporta cinco especies nuevas para la ciencia, amplía el rango altitudinal de otras ocho y presenta tres más para ser incluidas al listado general de las especies de anfibios de Colombia, las cuales habían sido ya anteriormente reportadas para el país por otros autores, pero no habían sido tenidas en cuenta en el último listado

Una nueva especie del grupo Hyloscirtus larinopygion (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) del suroccidente de Colombia

Se describe una nueva especie del grupo Hyloscirtus larinopygion del Nudo de los Pastos en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Hyloscirtus tigrinus sp. nov. puede ser distinguida fácilmente de sus especies similares por la presencia de un tubérculo calcar carnoso y prominente, además de su distintivo patrón de coloración. Se realizan algunos comentarios sobre la coloración de la garganta y coloración ventral en Hyloscirtus caucanus, H. larinopygion, H. lindae y H. tigrinus. La coloración de la garganta es altamente variable, por lo tanto no puede ser utilizada para diagnosticar a estas especies.<br>A new species of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion group from Nudo de los Pastos, Nariño department, Colombia is described. Hyloscirtus tigrinus sp. nov. can be distinguished easily from similar species by the presence of a fleshy and prominent calcar tubercle and by its distinctive color pattern. Some remarks on throat and ventral coloration in Hyloscirtus caucanus, H. larinopygion, H. lindae and H. tigrinus are presented. The throat coloration is highly variable and cannot be used to diagnose any of these species