308 research outputs found
Contemporary Issues in Current Account Operations in Pakistani IBs - Sharia Compliant Solution
Contemporary Sharia scholars have three stances about the Current Account Operations in Pakistani Islamic Banks (IBs) i.e., (i) Ijarah based contract (ii) Wadi'ah based contract, and (iii) Qard based contract. This paper is an attempt to delve into the root causes of the differences of scholars and to find the Sharia-compliant solution acceptable for all. Descriptive as well as applied approaches are used in this paper. Clearing of ambiguity on this issue may result in twofold benefits: from the public point of view, it would satisfy practising Muslims which may result in form of huge deposits in this account (ii) from IBs viewpoint the Current Account is a bonus deposit
Drought stress, its effect on maize production and development of drought tolerance through potassium application
Today, the world is facing
many problems for crop production among
them drought is the most dangerous. Here in
this paper we have reviewed the threat of
drought to food security in future especially
related to maize production. Water is a
cooling agent plays an important role in the
functioning of plant body. Drought stress
have deleterious effects on the seedling
establishment, vegetative growth,
photosynthesis, root growth, anthesis,
anthesis-silking interval, pollination and
grain formation in maize crop. The
deleterious effects of drought can be
mediated by application of nutrients which
may enhance tolerance to drought stress.
Among the nutrients potassium can enhance
the tolerance in maize plant for drought
stress. The application of potassium
enhanced root growth and stem elongation.
Similarly, potassium increased leaf water
potential, osmotic potential and turgor
potential under drought stress. Likewise, gas
exchange parameters are improved by
potassium. Application of potassium
enhanced the photosynthetic rate and has
better effect on other attributes. Most
importantly potassium is greatly helpful in
transport of sugars prepared in leaves to
fruit. Potassium enhanced the yield and
yield related parameters of maize crop. It
seems quite important to study the role of
potassium for increasing the plant tolerance
to drought stress and to increase yield of
crop under drought stress
Revival-collapse phenomenon in the fluctuations of quadrature field components of the multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model
In this paper we consider a system consisting of a two-level atom, initially
prepared in a coherent superposition of upper and lower levels, interacting
with a radiation field prepared in generalized quantum states in the framework
of multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings model. For this system we show that there is a
class of states for which the fluctuation factors can exhibit revival-collapse
phenomenon (RCP) similar to that exhibited in the corresponding atomic
inversion. This is shown not only for normal fluctuations but also for
amplitude-squared fluctuations. Furthermore, apart from this class of states we
generally demonstrate that the fluctuation factors associated with three-photon
transition can provide RCP similar to that occurring in the atomic inversion of
the one-photon transition. These are novel results and their consequence is
that RCP occurred in the atomic inversion can be measured via a homodyne
detector. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of the atomic relative phases
on such phenomenon.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure
Novel results on Hermite-Hadamard kind inequalities for -convex functions by means of -fractional integral operators
We establish new integral inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for the
recent class of -convex functions. This is done via generalized
-Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operators. Our results generalize
some known theorems in the literature. By choosing different values for the
parameters and , one obtains interesting new results.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is a
Springer chapter in the Book 'Advances in Mathematical Inequalities and
Applications', published under the Birkhauser series 'Trends in Mathematics',
ISSN: 2297-0215 [see http://www.springer.com/series/4961]. Submitted
02-Jan-2018; Revised 10-Jan-2018; Accepted 13-Feb-201
Parthenium hysterophorus Herbage Mulching: a Potential Source of Weeds Control in Soybean (Glycine max)
peer-reviewedWeeds have indirect effects on crop plants. Crop development is affected by allelopathy from certain weed species. Allelochemicals from allelopathic weeds can disturb the root and shoot growth of emerging crop seedlings, as well as cause several other types of damage. A study was carried out to investigate the allelopathic potential of Parthenium hysterophorus for weed response in soybean. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangements and replicated thrice. Sowing methods (broadcast and line sowing) were kept in the main plot and mulching treatments (surface mulching and soil incorporation) were kept in the sub-plots. Mulching of Parthenium hysterophorus was applied at the rate of 1.0 t ha-1, 2.5 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1 with control (no parthenium). Manual weed control was also used as treatments. The results revealed that significantly higher shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weigh, root dry weight, number of nodules per plant, nodules fresh and dry weight, number of branches, number of pods per plant, thousand seed weight biological yield, economic yield, dry matter yield and harvest index were recorded with the soil incorporation of Parthenium herbage at the rate of 2.5 t ha-1. Maximum weed density and weed dry biomass were recorded in control plots while weed control efficiency was seen greater in plots where Parthenium herbage was applied to surface at the rate of 5 t ha-1. The results suggested that the use of Parthenium hysterophorus herbage mulching can reduce infestation of weeds by its allelopathic effects and increase the yield of soybean under sub-humid agro-climatic conditions
Use of natural nitrogen stabilizers to improve nitrogen use efficiency and wheat crop yield
Complex nature of nitrogen
fertilizer in soil and poor management
practices are major causes of low fertilizer
use efficiency in Pakistan. These factors
further increases nitrogen losses in form
of nitrate leaching and volatilization of
ammonium, as well as nitric oxide which
are burning economic and environmental
threats. Keeping in view the demand of
urea application in Pakistan and its low
efficiency, we hypothized that appropriate
urea management with neem formulations or biofertilizers can enhance the nitrogen use efficiency. We designed experiment with treatments: T0 (N0 application), T1 (recommended nitrogen), T2 (recommended nitrogen + biofertilizer), T3 (recommended
nitrogen + neem seed extract), T4 (75% recommended nitrogen + biofertilizer), T5 (75% recommended nitrogen + neem seed extract), T6 (recommended nitrogen + biofertilizer + neem seed extract), T7 (75% recommended nitrogen + biofertilizer + neem seed extract) in wheat crop. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangements. Different approaches for stabilized nitrogen fertilizer responded significantly for the wheat plant height, tillers per plant, number of grains per
spike, 1000-grain yield, grain yield and harvest index. Result exhibited that wheat crop enhanced yield attributes and finally the yield under treatment T6 and T7 for both wheat cultivars. Treatments comparison with recommended nitrogen (T1) revealed that all treatments with biofertilizer, as well as with neem seed, enhanced crop performance along with nitrogen use efficiency. It can be concluded that nitrogen fertilizer can be stabilized in the soil with the use of different natural products for sustainable crop production
Exogenous application of gibberellic acid improves the maize crop productivity under scarce and sufficient soil moisture condition
Drought stress creates
imbalance or deficiency of some growth
regulators in plants, which leads toward
reduced crop yield. Gibberellic acid is one
of the most important growth regulators in
plants, which improve drought tolerance in
plants under optimum concentration. A field
experiment was conducted under exogenous
application of gibberellic acid under normal
or drought condition and with or without
gibberellic acid application. Crop growth
and yield parameters were assesses during
the experimentation. Study revealed that
crop reduced growth in term of leaf area
index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop
growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate
(NAR) and total dry matter (TDM) under
drought condition, while these parameters
were improved with gibberellic acid
application. Similary, improved growth rate
resulted in better performance of yield
attributes (cob length, cob diameter, grains
per cob, grain weight and yield). Gibberellic
acid application improved the crop
performance at optimum irrigation, as well
as under reduced irrigation. Although
highest crop yield was recorded with
gibberellic acid application under optimum
irrigation level, while its application under
drought stress improved crop tolerance and
resulted in better crop yield, similar to
optimum irrigation level. Exogenous
application of gibberellic acid not only
improved the drought tolerance in maize,
but also increased the crop yield under
normal condition
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Non-monotonic changes in Asian Water Towers’ streamflow at increasing warming levels
Data Availability Statement - The MERIT DEM is available at http://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~yamadai/MERIT_DEM/. The NDVI is available at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/climate-data-records/normalized-difference-vegetation-index.The LAI dataset is available at https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/climate-data-records/leaf-area-index-and-fapar. Department of Hydrology and Meteorology in Nepal for the Ganges is available at https://www.dhm.gov.np/request-data, and the Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority for the Indus are available at http://www.wapda.gov.pk. Soil hydraulic parameters are available at http://globalchange.bnu.edu.cn/research. The Watch Forcing dataset (WFD) is obtained from https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/. The CMIP6 model outputs are available at https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/search/cmip6/. The RGI data is available at http://www.glims.org/RGI/randolph60.html.The ice thickness datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.6096/1007. The glacier mass balance data are available at https://wgms.ch/data_databaseversions and https://www.sedoo.fr/theia-publication-products/?uuid=c428c5b9-df8f-4f86-9b75-e04c778e29b9. H08 data is available at https://www.isimip.org/. The World Gridded Population is available at https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/collection/gpw-v4. The results of this study are available as a supplement to this manuscript (Supplementary Dataset 1).Previous projections show consistent increases in river flows of Asian Water Towers under future climate change. Here we find non-monotonic changes in river flows for seven major rivers originating from the Tibetan Plateau at the warming levels of 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C, and 3.0 °C based on an observation-constrained hydrological model. The annual mean streamflow for seven rivers at 1.5 °C warming level decreases by 0.1–3.2% relative to the present-day climate condition, and increases by 1.5–12% at 3.0 °C warming level. The shifting river flows for the Yellow, Yangtze, Brahmaputra, and Ganges are mostly influenced by projected increases in rainfall, but those for the Mekong, Salween, and Indus are dictated by the relative changes in rainfall, snowmelt and glacier melt. Reduced river flows in a moderately warmed climate threaten water security in riparian countries, while elevated flood risks are expected with further temperature increases over the Tibetan Plateau.National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92047301, 51825902, 51961125204, and 52109023), and the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering (Grant Nos. 2022-KY-03). The Tibetan Plateau boundary is provided by National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn). L.Y. also acknowledges support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (0209-14380804) and the Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling Fund
Late-Onset Stargardt Disease Due to Mild, Deep-Intronic ABCA4 Alleles
PURPOSE. To investigate the role of two deep-intronic ABCA4 variants, that showed a mild splice defect in vitro and can occur on the same allele as the low penetrant c.5603A>T, in Stargardt disease (STGD1). METHODS. Ophthalmic data were assessed of 18 STGD1 patients who harbored c.769-784C>T or c.4253+43G>A in combination with a severe ABCA4 variant. Subjects carrying c.[769784C>T; 5603A>T] were clinically compared with a STGD1 cohort previously published carrying c.5603A>T noncomplex. We calculated the penetrances of the intronic variants using ABCA4 allele frequency data of the general population and investigated the effect of c.769-784C>T on splicing in photoreceptor progenitor cells (PPCs). RESULTS. Mostly, late-onset, foveal-sparing STGD1 was observed among subjects harboring c.769-784C>T or c.4253+43G>A (median age of onset, 54.5 and 52.0 years, respectively). However, ages of onset, phenotypes in fundo, and visual acuity courses varied widely. No significant clinical differences were observed between the c.[769-784C>T; 5603A>T] cohort and the c.4253+43G>A or the c.5603A>T cohort. The penetrances of c.769-784C>T (20.5%-39.6%) and c.4253+43G>A (35.8%-43.1%) were reduced, when not considering the effect of yet unidentified or known factors in cis, such as c.5603A>T (identified in 7/7 probands with c.769-784C>T; 1/8 probands with c.4253+43G>A). Variant c.769-784C>T resulted in a pseudo-exon insertion in 15% of the total mRNA (i.e., similar to 30% of the c.769-784C>T allele alone). CONCLUSIONS. Two mild intronic ABCA4 variants could further explain missing heritability in late-onset STGD1, distinguishing it from AMD. The observed clinical variability and calculated reduced penetrance urge research into modifiers within and outside of the ABCA4 gene
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