Fundamentos para una interpretación alternativa de la cláusula del interviniente según la teoría de los delitos especiales

This article criticizes the valid jurisprudential thesis on the inter­vener provided in the final paragraph of article 30 of the Colombian Criminal Code, according to which the figure applies to the co-author of special crime without qualification, based on the theory of participation of extranei subjects in special crimes. According to this conception, it can only be an author who has the special quality required in the criminal type, without it being coming to resort to the domain of the fact, to substantiate the punishment as an intervener of the foreign co-author. For this purpose, a bibliographic review of the status of the matter in relation to the special crimes is carried out, the position of the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court of Justice is studied, and, in the end, an interpretation of the scope of the intervener is suggested.El presente artículo critica la tesis jurisprudencial vigente sobre el interviniente, prevista en el inciso final del artículo 30 del Código Penal colombiano, según la cual la figura se aplica para el coautor de delito espe­cial sin cualificación, con base en la teoría de la participación de los sujetos extranei en los delitos especiales. Según esta concepción, solamente puede ser autor quien ostente la calidad especial exigida en el tipo penal, sin que sea viable recurrir al dominio del hecho, para fundamentar la punibilidad como interviniente del coautor extraño. Para tal efecto, se realiza una revisión biblio­gráfica del estado de la cuestión en materia de delitos especiales, se estudia la posición de la Sala Penal de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, y, al final, se sugiere una interpretación del ámbito de aplicación del interviniente

Foucault y la voluntad de verdad. Elementos para un análisis del binomio saber-poder en la Dogmática jurídico-penal

Based on Michel Foucault’s thought, a French philosopher, this article examines the relationship between knowledge and power with all its implications in the field of crime theory. For this, the paper reviews the historical evolution of the discipline, identifying some key moments that lead to questioning its supposed axiological neutrality and the utility of this kind of research. According to genealogy, it is proposed to affirm the need to construct a criminal dogmatic following the founding principles and values of the liberal, social and democratic state model of law.A partir del pensamiento del filósofo francés Michel Foucault, el presente artículo examina la posibilidad de analizar las relaciones entre el saber y el poder con todas sus implicaciones en el campo de la teoría del delito. Para ello, se revisa la evolución histórica de la disciplina, identificando en ella algunos momentos claves que llevan a cuestionar su supuesta neutralidad axiológica y se propone la utilidad de esta clase de investigaciones basadas en la genealogía, para afirmar la necesidad de construir una dogmática penal acorde con los principios y valores fundantes del modelo de Estado liberal, social y democrático de derecho

Thoughts on relations between what is factual and what is normative in the theory of crime

Las divergencias teóricas que se han suscitado entre los diferentes esquemas del delito han estado condicionadas por paradigmas epistemológicos distintos; de tal forma que es posible predicar una honda y abismal diferencia entre los esquemas de base ontologicista y el esquema funcional actual fundado en el normativismo. Empero, antes de la formulación explicita del nuevo paradigma existía ya una tendencia hacia la normativización. Lo cierto es que no es posible propender por una dogmática jurídico penal que prescinda totalmente de la realidad fáctica, ya que, desde el punto de vista de la teoría de la imputación objetiva, la causalidad, relación a la cual se le aplican los criterios normativos del derecho penal y de la sociedad, constituye un requisito indispensable para la determinación de la tipicidad en los delitos de resultado.The theoretical divergences that have been provoked between the different schemes from the crime have been conditional by different epistemologic paradigms; consequently, it is posible to preach a deep and abysmal difference between schemes of ontologicist base and the present functional scheme founded on the normativism. However, before the formulation of the new paradigm already existed a tendency towards the normativization. Certainly, it is not possible to advocate by a dogmatic of criminal law that disregard absolutely of the factual reality, since, from the point of view of the theory of the objective imputation, the causality, relation to which normative criteria of the criminal law and the society are applied to him, it is a fundamental requirement for the determination of the tipicity in the result crimes

Arquitecturas en la Villa de Monleón: Análisis de los Procesos de Repoblación a partir de la Estratigrafía Muraria

The Villa de Monleón was the object of archaeological excavations in 1996 with the aim of completing studies during the restoration of its walls. From this and from the stratigraphic wall study, two phases prior to the repopulation of Alfonso IX (1927) were found.La Villa de Monleón fue objeto de excavaciones arqueológicas en el año 1996 con el fin de completar los estudios cara a la restauración de sus murallas. De estas y del estudio estratigráfico murario se derivaron dos fases anteriores a la repoblación de Alfonso IX (1217)

Analysis of professionals and family foster care on advantages and difficulties of visits between foster children and their biological families

Contact between a foster child and birth parents play an important role in relation to the foster child’s wellbeing. The main aim of this study is to give voice to social workers and foster families about contact visits. This research is part of a project financed by the regional government of Andalusia (Spain) (SEJ-7106) regarding contact visits in foster care. Two focus groups were organized, one with 8 social workers from four foster care agencies and another with 8 foster carers (4 were recruited through the Association of Foster Families in Andalusia and 4 through fostering agencies). Access to foster care agencies and foster families was obtained through the official Andalusian Child Protective Services (SPM). The focal groups were audio-recorded. Transcripts (of the two focus groups gave rise to primary documents for the hermeneutic unit under study. All this information was exported from an Excel database to the ATLAS.ti v7.0 software. The transcripts were examined using an inductive method of open coding in order to identify themes among participants’ responses. Results show that both groups agreed on the utility of visits to maintain the children’s attachment to their birth family, to bring a greater sense of continuity to the children’s life story, to enhance the psychological wellbeing of the foster children and to know the real situation of their birth family. In relation to the difficulties remarked in the course of the visits, one of the issues mentioned by both groups refers to a lack in the coordination among the social workers, the SPM and the foster families involved. The other issue brings together several complaints to the SPM, such as the fact of not providing information about taking decisions regarding the future of the child; the lack of support and preparation of the foster carers, the children and the birth families about visits; as well as the shortage of social workers and economic aids provided by the SPM. The conclusions of this study highlight the need to improve contact visits by developing intervention strategies targeted at all those involved (foster children, family foster care, birth family and social workers). These findings have important implications for practice.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Dynamic Daylight Metrics for Electricity Savings in Offices: Window Size and Climate Smart Lighting Management

Daylight performance metrics provide a promising approach for the design and optimization of lighting strategies in buildings and their management. Smart controls for electric lighting can reduce power consumption and promote visual comfort using different control strategies, based on affordable technologies and low building impact. The aim of this research is to assess the energy efficiency of these smart controls by means of dynamic daylight performance metrics, to determine suitable solutions based on the geometry of the architecture and the weather conditions. The analysis considers different room dimensions, with variable window size and two mean surface reflectance values. DaySim 3.1 lighting software provides the simulations for the study, determining the necessary quantification of dynamic metrics to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed smart controls and their impact on energy efficiency. The validation of dynamic metrics is carried out by monitoring a mesh of illuminance-meters in test cells throughout one year. The results showed that, for most rooms more than 3.00 m deep, smart controls achieve worthwhile energy savings and a low payback period, regardless of weather conditions and for worst-case situations. It is also concluded that dimming systems provide a higher net present value and allow the use of smaller window size than other control solutions

Group Classification for the Search and Identification of Related Patterns Using a Variety of Multivariate Techniques

Recently, many methods and algorithms have been developed that can be quickly adapted to different situations within a population of interest, especially in the health sector. Success has been achieved by generating better models and higher-quality results to facilitate decision making, as well as to propose new diagnostic procedures and treatments adapted to each patient. These models can also improve people’s quality of life, dissuade bad health habits, reinforce good habits, and modify the pre-existing ones. In this sense, the objective of this study was to apply supervised and unsupervised classification techniques, where the clustering algorithm was the key factor for grouping. This led to the development of three optimal groups of clinical pattern based on their characteristics. The supervised classification methods used in this study were Correspondence (CA) and Decision Trees (DT), which served as visual aids to identify the possible groups. At the same time, they were used as exploratory mechanisms to confirm the results for the existing information, which enhanced the value of the final results. In conclusion, this multi-technique approach was found to be a feasible method that can be used in different situations when there are sufficient data. It was thus necessary to reduce the dimensional space, provide missing values for high-quality information, and apply classification models to search for patterns in the clinical profiles, with a view to grouping the patients efficiently and accurately so that the clinical results can be applied in other research studies

Different routes or methods of application for dimensionality reduction in multicenter studies databases

Technological progress and digital transformation, which began with Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are currently transforming ways of working in all fields, to support decision-making, particularly in multicenter research. This study analyzed a sample of 5178 hospital patients, suffering from exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (eCOPD). Because of differences in disease stages and progression, the clinical pathologies and characteristics of the patients were extremely diverse. Our objective was thus to reduce dimensionality by projecting the data onto a lower dimensional subspace. The results obtained show that principal component analysis (PCA) is the most effective linear technique for dimensionality reduction. Four patient profile groups are generated with similar affinity and characteristics. In conclusion, dimensionality reduction is found to be an effective technique that permits the visualization of early indications of clinical patterns with similar characteristics. This is valuable since the development of other pathologies (chronic diseases) over any given time period influences clinical parameters. If healthcare professionals can have access to such information beforehand, this can significantly improve the quality of patient care, since this type of study is based on a multitude of data-variables that can be used to evaluate and monitor the clinical status of the patient

Moodle HEODAR implementation and its implantation in an academic context.

[EN]One of the most important aspects of a 'continuously in change’ society is to improve everything everywhere. In order to obtain the best products, they should be periodically evaluated and reengineered. So the evaluation task and of course, the adequate results interpretation, can make all the difference between competitors. E-learning is similar to these products. Different issues can be evaluated to make learning process getting better and better, such as tutors, platform software and contents. In this last issue, it can be included the minimum knowledge unit: the learning object (LO) (De Marcos et al., 2008). There exist different models and methods for LO evaluation. What is pretended with this work is to choose one model and implement a singular tool, in order to automatically evaluate these LOs and produce a set of information, that can be used to improve those LOs. In this case, it is implemented in the evaluation model called HEODAR (Morales et al., 2008a) and after that the model is implanted in Studium, the Moodle campus of Salamanca University