33 research outputs found
Cultivos de Coca: EconomĂa y Violencia en Municipios de Colombia 2012 â 2019.
Coca cultivation in Colombia is related to multiple problems that primarily affect the rural areas of the country. This article aims to expose the determining factors that explain the presence of coca plantations in the municipalities of Colombia for the period 2012 - 2019. To do so, a panel data model is developed to obtain results that, although not homogeneous across the territory, indicate that overall, increases in the municipal violence index are positively associated with the growth of coca cultivation hectares in Colombia's municipalities in the short term. The findings suggest that only a quarter of coca cultivation is reduced for every hectare sprayed and increases by 0.22 for every hectare eradicated manually, highlighting the ineffectiveness of anti-drug policy. It is necessary to look for alternatives to try to reduce the supply of the crop, differentiating the needs of each region of the country. In terms of the economy, the only sector that influences the reduction of cultivation is the secondary sector and the fiscal performance index.Los cultivos de coca en Colombia se relacionan con mĂșltiples problemas que afectan primeramente al ĂĄrea rural del paĂs. Este artĂculo tiene como objetivo exponer factores determinantes que explican la presencia de los cultivos de coca en los municipios de Colombia para el periodo 2012 â 2019. Para ello, se desarrolla un modelo de panel de datos que permite obtener unos resultados que, aunque no son homogĂ©neos en todo el territorio, indican que globalmente los incrementos en el Ăndice de violencia municipal estĂĄn asociados de manera positiva con el crecimiento de las hectĂĄreas de cultivos de coca en los municipios de Colombia en el corto plazo. Los hallazgos sugieren que se reduce Ășnicamente una cuarta parte del cultivo por cada hectĂĄrea asperjada y se incrementa en 0,22 por cada hectĂĄrea erradicada manualmente, poniendo en evidencia la ineficacia de la polĂtica antidrogas. Es necesario buscar alternativas para tratar de reducir la oferta del cultivo, diferenciando las necesidades por cada regiĂłn del paĂs. En cuanto a la economĂa, el Ășnico sector que influye en la reducciĂłn del cultivo es el sector secundario y el Ăndice de desempeño fiscal
Precariedad, exclusiĂłn social y diversidad funcional (discapacidad): lĂłgicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporĂĄneo (II). InnovaciĂłn docente en FilosofĂa
El PIMCD "Precariedad, exclusiĂłn social y diversidad funcional (discapacidad): lĂłgicas y efectos subjetivos del sufrimiento social contemporĂĄneo (II). InnovaciĂłn docente en FilosofĂa" se ocupa de conceptos generalmente eludidos por la tradiciĂłn teĂłrica (contando como nĂșcleos aglutinantes los de la precariedad laboral, la exclusiĂłn social y diversidad funcional o discapacidad), cuyo anĂĄlisis propicia nuevas prĂĄcticas en la enseñanza universitaria de filosofĂa, adoptando como meta principal el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiantado, el diseño de nuevas herramientas de enseñanza y el fomento de una universidad inclusiva. El proyecto cuenta con 26 docentes de la UCM y otros 28 docentes de otras 17 universidades españolas (UV, UNED, UGR, UNIZAR, UAH, UC3M, UCA, UNIOVI, ULL, EHU/UPV, UA, UAM, Deusto, IFS/CSIC, UCJC, URJC y Univ. Pontificia de Comillas), que permitirĂĄn dotar a las actividades programadas de un alcance idĂłneo para consolidar la adquisiciĂłn de competencias argumentativas y dialĂ©cticas por parte de lxs estudiantes implicados en el marco de los seminarios previstos. Se integrarĂĄn en el PIMCD, aparte de PDI, al menos 26 estudiantes de mĂĄster y doctorado de la Facultad de FilosofĂa, a lxs que acompañarĂĄn durante el desarrollo del PIMCD 4 Alumni de la Facultad de FilosofĂa de la UCM, actualmente investigadores post-doc y profesorxs de IES, cuya experiencia serĂĄ beneficiosa para su introducciĂłn en la investigaciĂłn. Asimismo, el equipo cuenta con el apoyo de varixs profesorxs asociadxs, que en algunos casos son tambiĂ©n profesores de IES. Varixs docentes externos a la UCM participantes en el PIMCD poseen una dilatada experiencia en la coordinaciĂłn de proyectos de innovaciĂłn de otras universidades, lo que redundarĂĄ en beneficio de las actividades a desarrollar. La coordinadora y otrxs miembros del PIMCD pertenecen a la Red de InnovaciĂłn Docente en Filosofia (RIEF), puesta en marcha desde la Universitat de ValĂšncia (http://rief.blogs.uv.es/encuentros-de-la-rief/), a la que mantendremos informada de las actividades realizadas en el proyecto. Asimismo, lxs 6 miembros del PAS permitirĂĄn difundir debidamente las actividades realizadas en el PIMCD entre lxs estudiantes Erasmus IN del curso 2019/20 en la Facultad de FilosofĂa, de la misma manera que orientar en las tareas de maquetaciĂłn y ediciĂłn que puedan ser necesarias de cara a la publicaciĂłn de lxs resultados del PIMCD y en las tareas de pesquisa bibliogrĂĄfica necesarias para el desarrollo de los objetivos propuestos. Han manifestado su interĂ©s en los resultados derivados del PIMCD editoriales especializadas en la difusiĂłn de investigaciones predoctorales como Ăpeiron y CTK E-Books
XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"
Este tĂtulo, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situaciĂłn de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy crĂticos, permiten asumir la obligada superaciĂłn de tensiones sociales, polĂticas, y econĂłmicas; pero sobre todo cientĂficas y tecnolĂłgicas.
Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial despuĂ©s de que haya cesado la perturbaciĂłn a la que fue sometida por la catastrĂłfica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aĂșn se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrĂĄ que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemĂĄn y catedrĂĄtico de economĂa de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient SocietyâŠLa cuestiĂłn no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionarâŠaprender a recuperarse rĂĄpido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological.
Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot
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Dietary αâLinolenic Acid, Marine Ïâ3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) Study
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of αâlinolenic acid (ALA), a plantâderived Ïâ3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine Ïâ3 fatty acids (longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to allâcause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (â„500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariableâadjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9ây followâup, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56â0.92) for allâcause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58â1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67â1.05) for allâcause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39â0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29â0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22â1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in allâcause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45â0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to allâcause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fishâderived longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprungâs disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprungâs disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36â39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3â3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
pâ€0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88â4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59â2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04â1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4â5 vs ASA 1â2, 1·82 [1·40â2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1â2, 1·58, [1·30â1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02â1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41â2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05â1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47â0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50â0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48â1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
Hydroelectric centralsâ impact on territorial sustainability: analysis in southern Colombia
This study evaluates sustainability in the Huila Department in southern Colombia following the construction of two hydroelectric plants. This evaluation is based on the SepĂșlveda (2008) sustainability analysis model, which is especially suited to Latin American rural territories. The importance of this evaluation of sustainability in the Huila region stems from the environmental crisis that, according to various regional stakeholders, has been caused by the construction of the two hydroelectric plants. The results of this investigation indicate that the sustainability of the region is at risk because of these hydroelectric projects
GeopolĂtica, ciencia y tecnologĂa en las sociedades con instituciones polĂticas y mercados no inclusivos
The document that one presents, departs from the recognition of the institutions as mental representations that are useful to man in society to define rules that allow you to interact and reduce uncertainty in space-categorical relationship time, nature-economy-population; with the feature of considering geopolitics as a tool of power relativized sovereignty in a world more connected and interdependent, and strongly inclined to the formation of political and non-inclusive economic institutions result, where science and technology occupy a prominent space in the structure of economic, social, political and cultural change of states, ie inequality of peoples is explained among other things, the nature of country context, as well as changes as changes in economic policy designed in a changing environment and fluctuating.El documento que se presenta parte del reconocimiento de las instituciones como representaciones mentales que le son Ăștiles al hombre en sociedad para la definiciĂłn de reglas de juego que le permitan interactuar y reducir la incertidumbre, en su relaciones categĂłricas de espacio-tiempo, naturalezapoblaciĂłn-economĂa; con la caracterĂstica de considerar la geopolĂtica como herramienta de poder que relativiza la soberanĂa en un mundo mĂĄs comunicado e interdependiente y, en consecuencia, categĂłricamente proclive a la formaciĂłn de instituciones polĂticas y econĂłmicas no inclusivas, donde la ciencia y la tĂ©cnica ocupan un espacio preferente en la estructura del cambio econĂłmico, social, polĂtico y cultural de los Estados, es decir, que la desigualdad de los pueblos se explica entre otras razones, por las caracterĂsticas de contexto de los paĂses, asĂ como por los cambios de la polĂtica econĂłmica diseñada en un entorno cambiante y fluctuante
Hydroelectric centralsâ impact on territorial sustainability: analysis in southern Colombia
This study evaluates sustainability in the Huila Department in southern Colombia following the construction of two hydroelectric plants. This evaluation is based on the SepĂșlveda (2008) sustainability analysis model, which is especially suited to Latin American rural territories. The importance of this evaluation of sustainability in the Huila region stems from the environmental crisis that, according to various regional stakeholders, has been caused by the construction of the two hydroelectric plants. The results of this investigation indicate that the sustainability of the region is at risk because of these hydroelectric projects