The indigenous constitutional jurisdiction in Oaxaca

Prospectiva Jurídica. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Jurídicas, Justicia Penal y Seguridad Pública, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.Los pueblos indígenas han luchado históricamente por sus derechos colectivos. Derechos que le han sido reconocidos en el ámbito internacional, tales como el derecho de libre determinación y autonomía. A nivel nacional, los pueblos indígenas desde 2001, tienen garantizado constitucionalmente el derecho a ejercer dicha autonomía y un aspecto de ésta se puede manifestar en la administración de justicia. Este es el tema que nos refleja el Primer Tribunal Unitario del Décimo Tercer Circuito con sede en Oaxaca al emitir una sentencia, la cual se revisará, en la que se declina jurisdicción a favor de una comunidad indígena para que sus autoridades internas resuelvan el conflicto de acuerdo con su sistema normativo (usos y costumbres). El presente documento abarca los antecedentes fácticos de la sentencia, la sentencia del juzgado de distrito y, acompañados de una base documental, la revisión de la resolución del tribunal federal sobre la declinación de competencia.Prospectiva Jurídica. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Jurídicas, Justicia Penal y Seguridad Pública, Facultad de Derecho, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Control and Monitoring of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms

This paper elucidates the importance of governing an artificial intelligence model post-deployment and overseeing potential fluctuations in the distribution of present data in contrast to the training data. The concepts of data drift and concept drift are explicated, along with their respective foundational distributions. Furthermore, a range of metrics is introduced, which can be utilized to scrutinize the model's performance concerning potential temporal variations.Comment: 10 pages, 33 equation

Smart Sensorization Using Propositional Dynamic Logic

The current high energy prices pose a serious challenge, especially in the domestic economy. In this respect, one of the main problems is obtaining domestic hot water. For this reason, this article develops a heating system applied to a conventional water tank in such a way as to minimize the necessary energy supply by converting it, under certain circumstances, into atmospheric. For this purpose, the domotic system has been equipped with sensors that automate the pressurization of the compartment and solenoid valves that regulate the external water supply. This design, to which different level sensors are applied, sends the information in real time to an artificial intelligence system, by means of deductive control, which recognizes the states of the system. This work shows the introduction of an extension of propositional dynamic logic in the field of energy efficiency. Thanks to this formalism, a qualitative control of the program variables is achieved by incorporating qualitative reasoning tools. On the other hand, it solves preventive maintenance systems through the early detection of faults in the installation. This research has led to the patenting of an intelligent domestic hot water system that considerably reduces energy consumption by setting disjointed heating intervals that, powered by renewable or non-renewable sources, are controlled by a propositional dynamic logic.This research received no external funding. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga

Exercícios para a melhoria do desempenho tático em boxeadores da equipe de pré-seleção da Camagüey

Introduction: The tactical performance of boxers is critical; it takes into consideration the particularities of each athlete in the sport, especially the three bout distances.Aim: To design exercises to improve the tactical performance of boxers in the adult pre-selection of Camaguey.Materials and methods: The objectives of the adult category were used to design the; the study included 24 boxers of the adult category from the local preselection, in the several divisions established in the Comprehensive Program of Athlete Preparation, and the characteristics of the boxers between 19 and 40.Results: The assessment made by ten users revealed the acceptance and convenience of the system of exercises conforming to their opinions, as they consider it is a valuable methodological tool for coaches in this category.Conclusions: The validation of the system of exercises was checked upon its implementation in educational practice and the application of the initial and final instruments utilized to measure the parameters set during the design stage. This procedure demonstrated the improvements observed in the athletes, in terms of technical-tactical level when the exercise system was applied.Introducción: el desempeño táctico de los boxeadores es de vital importancia caracterizado por las particularidades de los atletas de este deporte, teniendo en cuenta principalmente la tres distancias en el combate.Objetivo: elaborar ejercicios para el mejoramiento del desempeño táctico en boxeadores de la preselección de mayores de Camagüey.Materiales y métodos: se elaboró y se tuvo como base los objetivos de la categoría de mayores, el estudio se llevó a cabo con 24 boxeadores de la categoría de mayores que integran la preselección de la provincia, pertenecientes a varias divisiones establecidas en el Programa Integral de Preparación del Deportista y las características de los boxeadores de las edades comprendidas entre 19 y 40 años.Resultados: mediante la valoración realizada por diez usuarios, se pudo obtener como resultado general la aceptación y conveniencia del sistema de ejercicios, expuesta por los usuarios según sus opiniones y manifestado en los cuales lo consideran como una valiosa herramienta metodológica para los entrenadores de esta categoría,Conclusiones: la validación del sistema de ejercicios se comprobó a partir de su implementación en la práctica educativa y la aplicación de los instrumentos inicial y final, gracias a los cuales pudieron ser medidos los indicadores establecidos en la etapa del diseño. Tal proceder permitió demostrar la mejoría alcanzada en los atletas en cuanto al nivel técnico-táctico, de manera que una vez aplicado el sistema de ejercicios.Introdução: o desempenho tático dos boxeadores é de vital importância, caracterizado pelas particularidades dos atletas neste esporte, principalmente levando em conta as três distâncias em combate.Objetivo: desenvolver exercícios para a melhoria do desempenho tático em boxeadores da equipe sênior de pré-seleção de Camagüey.Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi realizado com 24 boxeadores da categoria sênior que compõem a equipe de pré-seleção da província, pertencentes a várias divisões estabelecidas no Programa Integral de Preparação do Atleta e as características dos boxeadores entre os 19 e 40 anos de idade.Resultados: por meio da avaliação realizada por dez usuários, foi possível obter como resultado geral a aceitação e conveniência do sistema de exercício, expresso pelos usuários de acordo com suas opiniões e manifestado no qual eles o consideram como uma valiosa ferramenta metodológica para os instrutores desta categoria,Conclusões: a validação do sistema de exercício foi verificada através de sua implementação na prática educacional e a aplicação dos instrumentos iniciais e finais, graças aos quais os indicadores estabelecidos na fase de projeto puderam ser medidos. Este procedimento permitiu demonstrar a melhoria alcançada nos atletas em termos de nível técnico-táctico, de modo que uma vez aplicado o sistema de exercício

Leptin Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Intracellular Calcium Increase and Vasoconstriction in the Rat Aorta

Besides its role in body weight control leptin may also act as a vasoactive hormone. This study was designed to investigate whether leptin modifies angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced vascular responses. The expression of functional leptin receptors (OB-Rb) was detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from adult Wistar rats by RT-PCR. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis further showed the expression of OB-R protein in VSMCs. The ANG II (10(-7) mol/liter)-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) was blocked (P < 0.01) by leptin (10(-8) mol/liter). Moreover, in calcium-free buffer leptin was able to inhibit 65% of the ANG II-induced calcium release from intracellular stores. In endothelium-denuded aortic rings from adult Wistar rats no effect of leptin on basal tension was observed. However, the ANG II-induced isometric contraction was reduced (P < 0.05) by leptin (10(-8) mol/liter). The experiments were also performed in age- and sex-matched Zucker rats, in which no effect of leptin on ANG II-induced calcium increase and vasoconstriction was observed. It is concluded that leptin blocks the vasoconstrictor action of ANG II and inhibits the ANG II-induced increase in intracellular Ca(2+) in VSMCs through OB-Rb. These findings provide new insight into the physiological effects of leptin on blood pressure regulation

Plasmatic level of neurosin predicts outcome of mild cognitive impairment

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a disorder considered to be a transitional stage from health to dementia. Diagnosis of dementias at these early stages is always troublesome because the pathophysiologic events leading to dementia precede clinical symptoms. Thus, the development of biomarkers that can be used to support the diagnosis of dementias at early stages is rapidly becoming a high priority. We have recently reported the value of measuring plasmatic levels of neurosin in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study is to determine whether measuring plasmatic concentration of neurosin is a valuable test to predict progression of MCI.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Plasmatic neurosin concentrations were measured in 68 MCI patients and 70 controls subjects. Blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study. Sixty six patients diagnosed with MCI were observed for 18 months. In 36 patients a second blood sample was obtained at the endpoint.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean value of plasmatic neurosin concentration differs significantly between MCI patients who converted to Dementia with vascular component, those who converted to AD, or those who remained at MCI stage. The relative risk of developing Dementia with vascular component when neurosin levels are higher than 5.25 ng/ml is 13 while the relative risk of developing mild AD when neurosin levels are lower than 5.25 ng/ml is 2. Increases in the levels of neurosin indicate progression to Dementia with vascular component.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The measurement of plasmatic neurosin level in patients diagnosed with MCI may predict conversion from MCI to Dementia with vascular component. A single measurement is also valuable to estimate the risk of developing AD and Dementia with vascular component. Finally, repeated measurement of plasmatic neurosin might be a useful test to predict outcome in patients with MCI.</p

Torasemide inhibits angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and intracellular calcium increase in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Torasemide is a loop diuretic that is effective at low once-daily doses in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Because its antihypertensive mechanism of action may not be based entirely on the elimination of salt and water from the body, a vasodilator effect of this drug can be considered. In the present study, the ability of different concentrations of torasemide to modify angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vascular responses was examined, with the use of an organ bath system, in endothelium-denuded aortic rings from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ang II-induced increases of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) were also examined by image analysis in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats. A dose-response curve to Ang II was plotted for cumulative concentrations (from 10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/L) in endothelium-denuded aortic rings (pD(2)=7.5+/-0.3). Isometric contraction induced by a submaximal concentration of Ang II (10(-7) mol/L) was reduced in a dose-dependent way by torasemide (IC(50)=0.5+/-0.04 micromol/L). Incubation of VSMCs with different concentrations of Ang II (from 10(-10) to 10(-6) mol/L) resulted in a dose-dependent rise of [Ca(2+)](i) (pD(2)=7.5+/-0.3). The stimulatory effect of [Ca(2+)](i) induced by a submaximal concentration of Ang II (10(-7) mol/L) was blocked by torasemide (IC(50)=0.5+/-0.3 nmol/L). Our findings suggest that torasemide blocks the vasoconstrictor action of Ang II in vitro. This action can be related to the ability of torasemide to block the increase of [Ca(2+)](i) induced by Ang II in VSMCs. It is proposed that these actions might be involved in the antihypertensive effect of torasemide observed in vivo

Time-resolved kinetic assessment of the role of singlet and triplet excited states in the photocatalytic treatment of pollutants at different concentrations

[EN] A kinetic-based rationale to assess the role of each excited species in thermodynamically favoured photocatalytic processes at different pollutant concentrations, has been developed and illustrated with new experimental data. Specifically, 2,4,6-triphenylthiapyrylium (TPTP+) salt has been chosen as a representative organic compound capable to act as photocatalyst, and the possible involvement of its excited states in the photodegradation of pollutants commonly found in aqueous ecosystems has been investigated using five chemicals, namely acetaminophen, acetamiprid, caffeine, clofibric acid and carbamazepine. First, steady-state photolysis has been carried out under simulated solar irradiation in the presence of TPTP+, and second, photophysical measurements (fluorescence and laser flash photolysis) have been performed in order to obtain reliable fast kinetic data. Thermodynamic considerations allow ruling out energy transfer processes, while the kinetic results are in good agreement with an electron transfer to the triplet excited state of TPTP+. Hence, the higher the intersystem crossing quantum yield the better. Although quenching of the singlet excited state is also observed, the contribution of this reactive species is only minor, due to its shorter lifetime. In general, the efficiency of a photocatalyst should be enhanced at higher pollutant concentrations, at which the intrinsic decay of the triplet excited state is minimized. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Financial support from Spanish Government (Grants SEV-2012-0267, CTQ2012-38754-C03-03 and CTQ2015-69832-C4-4-R) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo Program) is gratefully acknowledged. R. Martinez-Haya thanks financial support from Spanish Government (Grant SEV-2012-0267). We also thank support from VLC/Campus.Martínez-Haya, R.; Gomis, J.; Arques Sanz, A.; Marín García, ML.; Amat Payá, AM.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ. (2017). Time-resolved kinetic assessment of the role of singlet and triplet excited states in the photocatalytic treatment of pollutants at different concentrations. Applied Catalysis B Environmental. 203:381-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.10.042S38138820

Psycho-emotional disorders as incoming risk factors for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries

  Background: There is an emerging field underlying the myocardial infarction (MI) with non-obstruc­tive coronary arteries (MINOCA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of psycho-emotional disorders and social habits in MINOCA patients. Methods: The study included 95 consecutive patients diagnosed of MINOCA and 178 patients with MI and obstructive lesions. MINOCA patients were included when they fulfilled the three main criteria: accomplishment of the Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction, absence of obstructive coronary arteries and no clinically overt specific cause for the acute presentation. Results: MINOCA patients had a higher frequency of previous psychiatric illnesses than the obstructive coronary arteries group (29.7% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.001). MINOCA patients recognized emotional stress in 75.7% of the cases, while only 32.1% of the obstructive related group did (p &lt; 0.001). The relation­ship remained after excluding takotsubo syndrome from the analysis (26 cases, 27.4%): psychiatric diseases (27.9% vs. 12.9%, p &lt; 0.01) and recognition of emotional stress (70.8% vs. 32.1%, p &lt; 0.001). Social habits which could act as stress modulating showed no significant relation with MINOCA. Conclusions: Psycho-emotional disorders are related to MINOCA and they could act as risk fac­tor. This relationship is maintained after excluding takotsubo from the analysis. (Cardiol J 2018; 25, 1: 24–31

Metal-Free Photocatalytic Reductive Dehalogenation Using Visible-Light: A Time-Resolved Mechanistic Study

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Martínez-Haya, Rebeca, Miranda Alonso, Miguel Ángel, Marín García, Mª Luisa. (2017). Metal-Free Photocatalytic Reductive Dehalogenation Using Visible-Light: A Time-Resolved Mechanistic Study.European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 15, 2164-2169, which has been published in final form at http://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201601494. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving[EN] The reductive dehalogenation of organic bromides has been achieved in the presence of riboflavin (RF) as photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. Specifically, benzyl bromide (2) and -bromoacetophenone (3) were quantitatively converted into toluene and acetophenone, respectively, by using amines as electron donors and iPrOH as hydrogen donor, whereas bromobenzene (1) did not react. The thermodynamics of the reduction of the radical anion of RF were evaluated by using the redox potentials of the species involved: The reaction was found to be thermodynamically exergonic for 2 and 3, but not expected to occur for bromobenzene (1). The viability of the different competing processes on the timescales of the corresponding singlet and triplet RF excited states ((RF)-R-1* and (RF)-R-3*) was analyzed by time-resolved techniques. The quenching of (RF)-R-1* by amines was very efficient, and comparison of the transient absorption spectra recorded in the absence and presence of amines additionally confirmed the efficient redox process between (RF)-R-1* and the amines. Moreover, RF- was quenched by bromides 2 and 3, but not by 1. Thus, a deeper understanding of the overall mechanism of the photocatalytic reductive reaction has been achieved, and the key role of the radical anion of the photocatalyst has been demonstrated.R. M.-H. acknowledges generous support from the Spanish Government (grant SEV-2012-0267). We also thank for support from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividat (Project CTQ2012-38754-C03-03), the Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo Program) and the VLC/Campus.Martínez-Haya, R.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ.; Marín García, ML. (2017). Metal-Free Photocatalytic Reductive Dehalogenation Using Visible-Light: A Time-Resolved Mechanistic Study. European Journal of Organic Chemistry. (15):2164-2169. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201601494S216421691