Horseshoe kidney: a case report

The horseshoe kidney was originally regarded as a rare anatomical curiosity, but with the aid of retrograde pyelogram, intravenous urogram and renal arteriograms in this present age of diagnosis, the incidence of horseshoe kidney is estimated at 1 in 200-400 individuals or 1 in 700 autopsies and usually remains asymptomatic. The present report is concerned with a case of horseshoe kidney, which was observed during routine cadaveric dissection, for student education in anatomy dissection hall of Osmania medical college, in a male cadaver. The kidneys formed a U-shaped structure as a result of fusion at the inferior poles of the original kidneys by a parenchymatous isthmus. As a whole, the structure presented a typical horseshoe shape. The location of the kidney was lower than that of the normal kidney. The renal arterial system was almost normal except for a surplus artery into the isthmus that directly originated from the aorta, at the origin of inferior mesenteric artery. Venous drainage of both the kidneys and the isthmus was through two veins which opened independently into the inferior vena cava. The hila on both sides opened towards the ventral direction, and the ureters descended in front of the isthmus and entered the bladder normally. This report is being made because it affords material for a review of embryological and gross anatomy findings in a case of horseshoe kidney, which could help in a thorough urologic evaluation in diagnosed cases prior to any surgical intervention

Structural Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composite under Blast Loading

Fibre-reinforced concrete with its higher ductility and enhanced flexural behaviour shows better performance under blast and impact loading than conventional reinforced concrete. During impulsive loadings such as blast and impact, the structural response is to absorb large amounts of energy within a short period. This article proposes the structural responses of steel Fibre reinforced concrete composite under dynamic loading for varying percentages of steel fibres. The experimental results quantitatively indicate   improvement in the performance of fiber impregnated concrete. A mathematical correlation based on empirical relations is presented as a basis function for evaluation of Fiber reinforced concrete subjected to blast/ dynamic loading. The experiments on a rectangular specimen of size 400 mm × 400 mm × 50 mm with 125gm ANFO which is equivalent to 100 gm TNT charge placed at different standoff distances, give insight of enhanced FRC behaviour. The article presents failure modes, and quantifies the elastic behaviour of FRC subjected to blast loading

Structural Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Composite under Blast Loading

Fibre-reinforced concrete with its higher ductility and enhanced flexural behaviour shows better performance under blast and impact loading than conventional reinforced concrete. During impulsive loadings such as blast and impact, the structural response is to absorb large amounts of energy within a short period. This article proposes the structural responses of steel Fibre reinforced concrete composite under dynamic loading for varying percentages of steel fibres. The experimental results quantitatively indicate   improvement in the performance of fiber impregnated concrete. A mathematical correlation based on empirical relations is presented as a basis function for evaluation of Fiber reinforced concrete subjected to blast/ dynamic loading. The experiments on a rectangular specimen of size 400 mm × 400 mm × 50 mm with 125gm ANFO which is equivalent to 100 gm TNT charge placed at different standoff distances, give insight of enhanced FRC behaviour. The article presents failure modes, and quantifies the elastic behaviour of FRC subjected to blast loading

Association between Lipid Profile and Macro Metals Calcium and Magnesium

There is a large and rapidly growing body of literature on the importance of calcium and magnesium in biochemical and physiological processes.The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of serum lipid profile to the macro metals calcium and magnesium. Recent findings suggest that both calcium and magnesium play a vital role in many disease states notably in cardiovascular disease. Both calcium and magnesium intake is directly related to cardiovascular disorders. Magnesium acts as a mild calcium antagonist on vascular disease. Prospective studies involving both calcium and magnesium has given inconsistent results.This study done on 50 patients (25 males & females) attending cardiac clinic has shown good correlation between lipid profile and calcium and magnesium suggesting that along with the gold screening test of lipid profile in the diagnosis of cardio vascular disease (CVD), Calcium and magnesium should also be investigated to decide an appropriate supplementation therapy

Mechanical Properties and Elasticity Model for Bovine Hard Tissue

This chapter aims at establishing engineering material properties of bovine hard tissue cut out of long bone. The study and design of implants, medical devices, and their bone material necessitate the knowledge of mechanical properties of bone to be evaluated. Braces or steel plates are used as fixation devices in animals who are treated for the fracture to bone or cracked bone. Braces or steel plates are fixed to the bone by rods and screws. For checking the stability of these inserted metallic parts, they have to be compatible with bone. The metal and bone form composite action for the load transfer mechanism. To ensure proper biomechanics and design of these inserts and accessories, we need to know the elastic properties of bone. This chapter establishes the modulus of elasticity, poisons ratio of Bovine femur bone. The experimental study establishes the orthotropic behavior of Bovidae femur bone. This experimental research provides comprehensive mechanical properties of Bovidae femur bone, through series of mechanical tests. By performing compression tests on a bone specimen, stress, strain, elastic modulus, poison’s ratio, and yielding point of bone are established. The bovine long bone exhibits orthotropic or transversely isotropic nature of femur bone as expected. The data presented here is for samples derived from goat and water buffalo. The solid mechanics approach using stiffness matrix is adopted to establish elastic constants. The data of elastic constants, compliance, and stiffness coefficients obtained can be used for finite element analysis to simulate stability of composite, femur bone, and metallic fixation. The values of compression strength, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and shear modulus are higher for water buffalo male than that of female showing gender difference. This may be attributed to lower bone density in females due to hormone secretion

Influence of electron irradiation on optical properties of ZnSe thin films

Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) thin films of 500 nm thickness were deposited by electron beam evaporation technique and irradiated with 8 MeV electron beam for the doses ranging from 0 Gy to 1 kGy. Optical properties were studied for both irradiated and pristine samples using Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer. The increase in electron dose tends to decrease in transmittance and increase in refractive index of thin film. Irradiated thin film exhibits minimum of 67 % transmittance for 800 Gy with very high absorption of optical energy at 550 nm wavelength. The samples irradiated 800 Gy tends to redeem the pristine properties. Optical band gap for irradiated thin film were direct and in the range of 2.66 – 2.69 eV

Erythema annulare centrifugum: a case report

Erythema annulare centrifugum (EAC) is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by polycyclic lesion simulating urticarial papules that enlarge centrifugally with central clearing and trailing scales. .  It is classified as a reactive erythema and has been associated with various underlying conditions, including malignancies. Diagnosis is established on history, clinical features, and supporting examination. No treatment seems to be effective for this disease and there is still a lack of consensus regarding the best approach. Current choices are focused on treating the underlying subjective complaints. We reported a case of erythema annulare centrifugum in a 49 year old female patient

TASTE ABATEMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF ARTEMETHER PREPARED BY HOT MELT EXTRUSION

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate a taste-masked formulation using hot melt extrusion approach for artemether.Methods: Taste masking of artemether was done by preparing solid dispersion with coating polymer kollicoatsmartseal 30D using hot melt extrusion. The prepared solid dispersion was subjected to taste masking evaluation like sensory evaluation parameters against five levels set for taste evaluation using artemether as control standard along with in vitro release studies in simulated salivery fluid. After taste evaluation of solid dispersion was subjected to the formulation of dispersible tablets by direct compression method. The final taste masking evaluation of dispersible tablets of solid dispersion containing artemether were done by a sensory evaluation panel of nine members along with in vitro release study in simulated salivary and gastric fluid.Results: The percent drug content was found 35.09±0.06 % in solid dispersion. The drug excipients compatibility studies performed with the help of FTIR instrument and DSC that indicates there were no interactions between drug and polymers. Solid dispersions (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 drug polymer ratio) of artemether were evaluated by sensory evaluation panel from which 1:3 drug: polymer solid dispersion was found more palatable. Release rate study in simulated salivary fluid shown no release but shows release of drug in simulated gastric fluids which indicates that the drug was taste masked. The optimized batch of dispersible tablets (F1) were subjected for evaluation parameters like dispersion time (70±1.90), wetting time (63±1.86), etc. Dissolution studies of optimized formulation indicated that the polymer does not allow drug to release in simulated salivery pH 6.8 but shows immediate release in simulated gastric pH which also confirms taste masking efficiency of polymer. Final optimized F1 batch evaluated for taste masking evaluation by sensory evaluation panel using pure drug as control standard found to be palatable.Conclusion: It may be concluded that kollicoatsmartseal 30D could mask the taste of the drug in salivary pH and shows drug release at gastric pH which confirms its efficiency for taste masking

Study on the Drying Characteristics of Green Gram, Cowpea and Soybean

The study reveals the drying characteristics of Green gram, Cowpea and Soybean when exposed to two different drying mechanisms namely convective (i.e., Tray Drying) and a innovative method (i.e., microwave drying). The objective of the study is to come out with a most appropriate drying technique which gives the product a better keeping quality. In this study the drying characteristics i.e the amount of moisture removed for every 10min is calculated at different temperatures for the respective samples. The sample was dried in tray dryer and microwave at two temperatures