Evaluation of Enzyme Additives on the Nutritional Use of Feeds with a High Content of Plant Ingredients for Mugil cephalus

The Mugilidae are a group of fish with a great interest for aquaculture due to their omnivorous profile, rapid growth, and resistance to environmental variations. The selection of feed ingredients for these species is currently focused on an extensive use of plant by-products, with this being limited by their content in anti-nutritive factors (mainly phytate and non-starch polysaccharides; NSPs). Nevertheless, specific enzymes can be used to counteract some of those negative effects. In the present study, the effect of pretreating two high-plant feeds with a mixture of enzymes (glucanases + phytase) on the digestive use of protein and phosphorus by juvenile mullets (Mugil cephalus) was assessed using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The enzymatic treatment significantly modified the potential bioavailability of some nutrients, such as a reduction of sugars, pentoses, and phytic phosphorus. Also, it increased the digestibility of protein in one of the feeds but reduced that of phosphorus in both of them. The potential usefulness of enzyme treatment and the information provided by the two types of assays are discusse

The nodD1 Gene of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 Restores Nodulation Capacity on Bean in a Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 nodD1/nodD2 Mutant, but the Secondary Symbiotic Regulators nolR, nodD2 or syrM Prevent HH103 to Nodulate with This Legume

Rhizobial NodD proteins and appropriate flavonoids induce rhizobial nodulation gene expression. In this study, we show that the nodD1 gene of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, but not the nodD2 gene, can restore the nodulation capacity of a double nodD1/nodD2 mutant of Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). S. fredii HH103 only induces pseudonodules in beans. We have also studied whether the mutation of different symbiotic regulatory genes may affect the symbiotic interaction of HH103 with beans: ttsI (the positive regulator of the symbiotic type 3 protein secretion system), and nodD2, nolR and syrM (all of them controlling the level of Nod factor production). Inactivation of either nodD2, nolR or syrM, but not that of ttsI, affected positively the symbiotic behavior of HH103 with beans, leading to the formation of colonized nodules. Acetylene reduction assays showed certain levels of nitrogenase activity that were higher in the case of the nodD2 and nolR mutants. Similar results have been previously obtained by our group with the model legume Lotus japonicus. Hence, the results obtained in the present work confirm that repression of Nod factor production, provided by either NodD2, NolR or SyrM, prevents HH103 to effectively nodulate several putative host plants.España Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades projects AGL2016-77163-R and PID2019-107634RB-I00España Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades FPU18/06248

Influence of N-donor bases and the solvent in oxodiperoxomolybdenum catalysed olefin epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide in ionic liquids

Biphasic catalytic olefin epoxidation systems consisting of oxodiperoxomolybdenum catalysts in 1- n -alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid (IL) media with aqueous hydrogen peroxide oxidant were optimised by tuning the molecular structure of the IL and employing N -heterocyclic donor base additives to inhibit hydrolysis and enhance the activity of the catalyst. The latter study was only made possible by the solubilising properties of the IL media. Of the bases investigated, pyrazoles were identified as the most efficient additive species and the best results were obtained using 3,5-dimethylpyrazole. Immobilisation of the catalyst in the IL allowed for very efficient catalyst recycling. Finally, the compound [MoO(O 2 ) 2 (3-Mepz) 2 ](3-Mepz = 3-methylpyrazole) was characterised and its structure determined by X-ray crystallography

La educación-acción mediática y digital entendida como una dietética

Objectiu: presentem una iniciativa per a l'alfabetització mediàtica i digital de la ciutadania, concretament de les comunitats educatives, tant en espais formals com informals. Partint de l'àmbit de la comunicació i de l'anàlisi de les formes de participació ciutadana en l'entorn digital, duem a terme una primera exploració en una línia de recerca en la qual convergeixen les ciències de la comunicació i les pedagogies més innovadores en procés de desenvolupament en les ciències de l'educació. Metodologia: plantegem una anàlisi de l'ecosistema mediàtic actual, marcat per la digitalització, així com de les subjectivitats i les formes de socialització. Entorn de la metàfora de l'alimentació i la dietètica introduïm els estudis crítics sobre mitjans de comunicació, en general, i Internet, en particular, i proposem una alfabetització per a una ciutadania conscient, crítica i activa. Contrastem aquesta proposta amb el Marc Comú de Competència Digital Docent, desenvolupat per la Unió Europea i aplicat pel Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, per a homologar-la amb treballs previs i actuals. Resultats: proposem una àrea de competència digital complementària a les plantejades en el Marc Comú de Competència Digital Docent enfocada a la intervenció en la proposta, l'elaboració i la vigilància ciutadanes de les polítiques digitals.Objetivo: presentamos una iniciativa para la alfabetización mediática y digital de la ciudadanía, concretamente de las comunidades educativas, tanto en espacios formales como informales. Partiendo del ámbito de la comunicación y del análisis de las formas de participación ciudadana en el entorno digital, realizamos una primera exploración a una línea de investigación en la que convergen las ciencias de la comunicación y las pedagogías más innovadoras en desarrollo en las ciencias de la educación. Metodología: planteamos un análisis del ecosistema mediático actual, marcado por la digitalización, así como de las subjetividades y las formas de socialización. En torno a la metáfora de la alimentación y la "dietética" introducimos los estudios críticos sobre medios de comunicación, en general, e Internet, en particular, y proponemos una alfabetización para una ciudadanía consciente, crítica y activa. Contrastamos esta propuesta con el Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente, desarrollado por la Unión Europea y aplicado por el Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, para homologarla con trabajos previos y actuales. Resultados: proponemos un área de competencia digital complementaria a las planteadas en el Marco Común de Competencia Digital Docente enfocada a la intervención en la propuesta, elaboración y vigilancia ciudadana de las políticas digitales.Objective: We describe a project for enhancing the media and digital literacy of the general public, or more specically of the educational community, in both formal and informal settings. Starting from the eld of communication and the analysis of different forms of citizen participation in the digital environment, we present an initial examination inside a line of research in which the sciences of communication and education converge. Methodology: We propose an analysis of the current media ecosystem dominated by digitization, subjective approaches, and forms of socialization. Around the metaphor of food and diet we introduce critical studies on media in general and the Internet in particular, and propose ways of enhancing media literacy for a conscious, critical and active public. We compare this proposal with the European Union’s Framework for Developing and Understanding Digital Competence, applied by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, in order to bring it into line with previous and current work. Results: We propose an area of digital competence complementary to those outlined in the Framework for Developing and Understanding Digital Competence, focusing on intervention in the proposal, elaboration and assessment of digital policies by the general public

Solid-State Hydrolysis (SSH) Improves the Nutritional Value of Plant Ingredients in the Diet of Mugil cephalus

The possibility of improving the nutritional quality of plant byproducts (brewers’ spentgrain and rice bran) through an enzyme treatment was tested in a formulated feed for grey mullet(Mugil cephalus). The enzyme treatment was carried out by Solid-State Hydrolysis (SSH) using acommercial preparation including carbohydrases and phytase. A feed prepared without the treatmentand a commercial feed for carp were used as controls. In a preliminary short-term trial carried out atlaboratory facilities, fish receiving the enzyme-treated feed showed significant improvement in bothFCR and SGR when compared to those obtained with the untreated diet, although both experimentaldiets presented worse values than those obtained with the commercial feed. Different metabolicindicators including higher values of muscle glycogen and plasmatic triglycerides supported thepositive effect of the enzyme treatment on the nutritional condition of the fish over those fed on thediet containing non-treated ingredients. Results of growth and feed efficiency that were obtainedin a second long-term trial developed for 148 days under real production conditions evidenced theequivalence among the experimental and commercial diets and confirmed that enzyme pretreatmentof plant ingredients by SSH may be a useful procedure to improve the nutritive value of highfiber plant byproducts when included in practical diets for this species and others with similarnutritional features

Diet and SIRT1 Genotype Interact to Modulate Aging-Related Processes in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: From the CORDIOPREV Study

We investigated whether long-term consumption of two healthy diets (low-fat (LF) or Mediterranean (Med)) interacts with SIRT1 genotypes to modulate aging-related processes such as leucocyte telomere length (LTL), oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). LTL, inflammation, OxS markers (at baseline and after 4 years of follow-up) and SIRT1-Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7069102 and rs1885472) were determined in patients from the CORDIOPREV study. We analyzed the genotype-marker interactions and the effect of diet on these interactions. Regardless of the diet, we observed LTL maintenance in GG-carriers for the rs7069102, in contrast to carriers of the minor C allele, where it decreased after follow-up (p = 0.001). The GG-carriers showed an increase in reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio (p = 0.003), lower lipid peroxidation products (LPO) levels (p < 0.001) and a greater decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (p < 0.001) after follow-up. After the LF diet intervention, the GG-carriers showed stabilization in LTL which was significant compared to the C allele subjects (p = 0.037), although the protective effects found for inflammation and OxS markers remained significant after follow-up with the two diets. Patients who are homozygous for the SIRT1-SNP rs7069102 (the most common genotype) may benefit from healthy diets, as suggested by improvements in OxS and inflammation in patients with CHD, which may indicate the slowing-down of the aging process and its related diseases

Aprendizaje flexible y personalizado para atender la diversidad en el aula, mediante el uso del flipped learning (aprendizaje invertido), a través del uso integrado de un sistema virtual de respuesta en el aula, y otras herramientas TACs

Integración de una aplicación informática propia como sistema de respuesta (clicker) y diferentes herramientas TCs para facilitar la evaluación continua de forma personalizada, aumentar la motivación y rendimiento de los estudiantes a bajo coste

Aprendizaje personalizado para facilitar la inserción en el mercado laboral, mediante la gamificación, a través del uso integrado de mundos y sistemas virtuales de respuesta en el aula para dispositivos móviles con acceso a internet

Integración de una aplicación informática propia como sistema de respuesta (clicker) y una aplicación de entorno simulado para facilitar la evaluación continúa de forma personalizada, aumentar la motivación y rendimiento a bajo coste

White Paper 1: New foundations for a sustainable global society

Coordinación: Eduardo Moyano Estrada; Tomás García Azcárate.This volume is focused on the axis “New foundations for a sustainable global society”, and refers to the important process of global change that affects all dimensions of society, disrupting the context in which scientific work has been developed in recent decades. It is a process of change not comparable to what happened decades ago, mainly due to its breadth, multidimensionality and interdependence, and also to the fact that this process manifests itself simultaneously in many areas, territories and social groups. Its analysis therefore requires carrying out a convergence exercise between areas and lines of research, betting on a multidisciplinary approach, since both “globalization” and “sustainability” are, concepts that affect society, as a whole.Peer reviewe

Editorial for the Special Issue on Nutritional Requirements in New Fish Species under Culture

The worldwide interest in developing the culture of nonconventional fish species determines the need to increase knowledge in different aspects of their basic physiology, as well as in the application of such information into practical protocols to be used in their feeding, reproduction, and general handling [...