El acceso a la información pública: estudio de casos de Brasil, España y Portugal; Access to public information: study of cases of Brazil, Spain and Portugal

Discusses the rules on access to public information in Brazil, Spain and Portugal, as well as the availability that citizens have to consult this information through the municipal websites. For it all municipalities were grouped into six population ranges from 1.001 to 5.000 the smallest and greater than 100.000 the biggest; thirty municipalities were randomly selected for each population band. Later, were visited their websites to know the diffusion that is carried out of minutes of the municipal plenary session, edicts and decrees, municipal regulation (ordinances, regulations), budgets or regulation pending. We conclude that Brazil, Spain and Portugal require a unified law on access to public information and that portuguese municipalities provide more administrative and legislative information to their citizens that Brazilian and Spanish

Reglas para la producción de una base de conocimientos en la construcción de tesauros.

The times are gone when the software for handling larger ammounts of data was sheer craftmanship. The last two decades have witnessed the rise of models aimed to setting up a formal and theoretical framework to afford coherence to databases design. Currently, the advance of Artificial Intelligence and related disciplines allows the management of data into an new context: the deductive data bases

Manejo Integral de Agua y Suelo en Centroamérica. Bases científicas para el desarrollo rural comunitario.

Este libro recoge los frutos de la colaboración y trabajo conjunto de un grupo de Universidades Iberoamericanas entre 2007 y 2012 el marco de las actividades del Programa de Cooperación Comunidad, Agua y Bosque en Centroamérica (CAB Centroamérica, http://www2.caminos.upm.es/Departamentos/imt/Topografia/Cab/cab.html ). Las actividades se han realizado con el apoyo del Programa de Cooperación Universitaria PCI-AECID IBEROAMÉRICA, de la Dirección de Cooperación para el Desarrollo de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y de los fondos propios de las Universidades latinoamericanas, con especial mención a la Universidad de Costa Rica, coordinadora de los trabajos en Centroamérica. El inicio de esta colaboración se produjo en 2007 a partir de la identificación de un objetivo común: profundizar la investigación sobre la dinámica agua-suelo-planta para mejorar la producción y la calidad del agua de los sistemas de abastecimiento comunitarios en Centroamérica

Trabajo y vida indígenas en los trapiches del Nuevo Reino de Granada, 1576 – 16741

ABSTRACT: By a Crown´s rule, native workforce was forbidden inside the trapiches and sugar mills. Nonetheless, some Crown´s employees of the New Kingdom of Granada, in particular chief magistrates, avoided exerting this prohibition drastically, and allowed many indigenous people of encomiendas to pay their tributes with their labor on sugar production. This article studies both the reasons of this permissiveness and the changes that working on the trapiches generated among natives, especially those aspects linked to their community life and their consumption habits.RESUMEN: La mano de obra indígena estaba prohibida dentro de los trapiches e ingenios de azúcar por mandato de la Corona española. Sin embargo, en el Nuevo Reino de Granada los oficiales reales, especialmente los corregidores, evitaron ejercer drásticamente esta prohibición y permitieron que muchos indios de encomienda pagaran su tributación con el trabajo azucarero. En este artículo se estudian las razones de esta permisividad, así como los cambios que generó entre los indígenas trabajar en los trapiches, especialmente los aspectos vinculados a la vida comunitaria y a los hábitos de consumo de los indígenas

Cambio Climático en el Mediterráneo Español

Semi-enclosed and bounded by three continents, the Mediterranean sea is a region highly vulnerable to human activities, i.e.: the population surge along the coasts, the tourism pressure, the maritime traffic, the agriculture and the fishery exploitation, all have a potential impact on the Mediterranean environment. In addition, effective initiatives against the Global Climate Change need to be attempted in order to preserve our marine environment and to achieve a sustainable development of its resources. Prevention and adaptation to this new threat must be based on the rigorous and scientific knowledge accomplished through the systematic and continuous observation of the sea, and through the collection of multidisciplinary time-series and the subsequent analysis. This report responds to this necessity. The main goals of the Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) are to generate scientific knowledge, as well as to assess and to inform the public about the state of the sea. The IEO is primary focussed on the study of the variety of phenomena influencing spanish coasts, including the process of Climate Change. To meet these objectives, a large set of actions have been planned. Some of them are already being implemented, such as a multidisciplinary observation system in the shelf and continental slope waters, or periodic scientific reports dealing with the detection and quantification of Climate Change effects and of other possible environmental impacts. The present report is the first of a series of future contributions. Besides the IEO, other Spanish institutions such as the ICM (CSIC), Puertos del Estado (PE), the IMEDEA (CSIC), the UMA, the UIB and the INM, involved in the monitoring, analysis and modelling of the Mediterranean sea, have also participated in it. The results show clear evidences of the effect of Climate Change in the physical properties of the mediterranean waters since 1948; in particular, the temperature and salinity increase of the deep waters, the accelerated rise of sea level since the early 1990s, and the air and sea surface temperature increase during the second half of the XX century.Versión del edito

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

TFG 2013/2014

Amb aquesta publicació, EINA, Centre universitari de Disseny i Art adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, dóna a conèixer el recull dels Treballs de Fi de Grau presentats durant el curs 2013-2014. Voldríem que un recull com aquest donés una idea més precisa de la tasca que es realitza a EINA per tal de formar nous dissenyadors amb capacitat de respondre professionalment i intel·lectualment a les necessitats i exigències de la nostra societat. El treball formatiu s’orienta a oferir resultats que responguin tant a paràmetres de rigor acadèmic i capacitat d’anàlisi del context com a l’experimentació i la creació de nous llenguatges, tot fomentant el potencial innovador del disseny.Con esta publicación, EINA, Centro universitario de diseño y arte adscrito a la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, da a conocer la recopilación de los Trabajos de Fin de Grado presentados durante el curso 2013-2014. Querríamos que una recopilación como ésta diera una idea más precisa del trabajo que se realiza en EINA para formar nuevos diseñadores con capacidad de responder profesional e intelectualmente a las necesidades y exigencias de nuestra sociedad. El trabajo formativo se orienta a ofrecer resultados que respondan tanto a parámetros de rigor académico y capacidad de análisis, como a la experimentación y la creación de nuevos lenguajes, al tiempo que se fomenta el potencial innovador del diseño.With this publication, EINA, University School of Design and Art, affiliated to the Autonomous University of Barcelona, brings to the public eye the Final Degree Projects presented during the 2013-2014 academic year. Our hope is that this volume might offer a more precise idea of the task performed by EINA in training new designers, able to speak both professionally and intellectually to the needs and demands of our society. The educational task is oriented towards results that might respond to the parameters of academic rigour and the capacity for contextual analysis, as well as to considerations of experimentation and the creation of new languages, all the while reinforcing design’s innovative potential

Evaluación de software de gestión de tesauros

This paper presents the evaluation of five software packages of thesaurus management (BEAT, MultiTes, Stride, TCS-y2k and SGAT). For it, we have used a series of specific criteria of this type of software: on the one hand, the criteria relative to the construction and maintenance of thesauri (definition of terms and its attributes, relations between the terms and editing and maintenance of the thesaurus); on the other hand, criteria on the outputs that offer these software packages (output to screen and output to printer and/or file). The results of this evaluation appear in a group of tables accompanied by comments next to each one of the analyzed criteria

Online public administration: a survey of web-based city council public services in Murcia Region

El presente artículo pretende mostrar el estado actual de los servicios ofrecidos por los Ayuntamientos de la Región de Murcia a través de sus sitios web. Para ello, en primer lugar, hemos definido una serie de servicios básicos que las entidades locales deberían ofrecer a sus ciudadanos a través de Internet y posterior-mente hemos llevado a cabo la evaluación de dichos servicios, siguiendo las directrices establecidas en el Plan de Acción eEurope 2002.ABSTRACT: The present article aims to show the current state of the services offered by the city Councils of the Region of Murcia through their web sites. In order to do this, we defined firstly a series of basic services that the local entities should offer to their citizens through Internet. Secondly, an evaluation of these services was carried out, following the guidelines settled down in the e-Europe 2002 Action Plan