Towards a film literacy canon: identification and multicultural analysis of the contents used in film education with pre-university students in Spain

In the absence of a state film education plan in Spain, there are numerous initiatives operating in the field of both formal and non-formal education, the aim of which is pedagogy through cinema and about cinema. The European Commission has established the identification of a pantheon of authors of which knowledge is compulsory (canonical competence) as one of the four necessary competencies of this film literacy. This article aims to identify this canon promoted by the entities operating outside the formal curriculum and within the different contexts of non-formal education with early, primary and secondary education students in Spain. For this purpose, 65 entities (N=65) –educational centers, regional programs, museums, film libraries, film clubs, festivals, associations and foundations– have been catalogued and consulted for the first time in the different provinces of Spain. Among the results, 194 film titles and 142 names of directors used by those entities involved in image pedagogy in Spain have been collected. From a multicultural point of view, the analysis of the results points to the promotion of a biological approach to the history of universal cinema, in which national cinematography does not find a place. The primacy of North American and French productions is observed, as well as the absence of images with which to work on historical memory in Spain.Ante la ausencia de un plan de educación cinematográfica estatal, en España existen numerosas iniciativas que operan desde el territorio de la educación tanto formal como no formal y que tienen como fin la pedagogía con y sobre cine. La Comisión Europea establece como una de las cuatro competencias necesarias de esa educación cinematográfica la identificación de un panteón de autores de obligado conocimiento (canonical competence). Este artículo tiene como objetivo la identificación de ese canon impulsado desde las entidades que operan en los márgenes del currículo formal y los diferentes contextos de educación no formal en el Estado español. Para ello se han catalogado y consultado por primera vez 65 entidades (N=65) –centros educativos, programas de carácter autonómico, filmotecas, museos, cineclubes, festivales, asociaciones y fundaciones– dedicadas a la educación cinematográfica con estudiantes de infantil, primaria y secundaria en las diferentes provincias de la geografía española. Entre los resultados, se recogen 194 títulos y 142 nombres de directores y directoras con los que se trabaja la pedagogía de la imagen en España. Desde una óptica multicultural, el análisis de los resultados apunta que se está fomentando un enfoque biologicista de la historia del cine universal en el que la cinematografía nacional no encuentra su lugar. Se observa la primacía de las producciones norteamericanas y francesas, además de la ausencia de imágenes con las que trabajar la memoria histórica en España

The spatial–temporal dynamics in job accessibility by car in the Netherlands during the crisis

This paper analyzes the changes in spatial–temporal job accessibility by car in the Netherlands during the economic crisis (2009–14). It also assesses which component change is the most determinant in accessibility changes per municipality and part of the day. The paper shows that changes in job distribution reduced accessibility in almost the entire country, except around Amsterdam. Improvements in the road network capacity increased accessibility in the central provinces, particularly during peak hours. In summary, the values of job accessibility by car in the Netherlands became more transport dependent, except in the Amsterdam region.</p

Recovering coherence from decoherence: a method of quantum state reconstruction

We present a feasible scheme for reconstructing the quantum state of a field prepared inside a lossy cavity. Quantum coherences are normally destroyed by dissipation, but we show that at zero temperature we are able to retrieve enough information about the initial state, making possible to recover its Wigner function as well as other quasiprobabilities. We provide a numerical simulation of a Schroedinger cat state reconstruction.Comment: 8 pages, in RevTeX, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A (november 1999

Vibronic "Rabi resonances" in harmonic and hard-wall ion-traps for arbitrary laser intensity and detuning

We investigate laser-driven vibronic transitions of a single two-level atomic ion in harmonic and hard wall traps. In the Lamb-Dicke regime, for tuned or detuned lasers with respect to the internal frequency of the ion, and weak or strong laser intensities, the vibronic transitions occur at well isolated "Rabi Resonances", where the detuning-adapted Rabi frequency coincides with the level spacing of the vibrational modes. These vibronic resonances are characterized as avoided crossings of the dressed levels (eigenvalues of the full Hamiltonian). Their peculiarities due to symmetry constraints and trapping potential are also examined.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Kepler-91b: a planet at the end of its life. Planet and giant host star properties via light-curve variations

The evolution of planetary systems is intimately linked to the evolution of their host star. Our understanding of the whole planetary evolution process is based on the large planet diversity observed so far. To date, only few tens of planets have been discovered orbiting stars ascending the Red Giant Branch. Although several theories have been proposed, the question of how planets die remains open due to the small number statistics. In this work we study the giant star Kepler-91 (KOI-2133) in order to determine the nature of a transiting companion. This system was detected by the Kepler Space Telescope. However, its planetary confirmation is needed. We confirm the planetary nature of the object transiting the star Kepler-91 by deriving a mass of $M_p=0.88^{+0.17}_{-0.33} ~M_{\rm Jup}$ and a planetary radius of $R_p=1.384^{+0.011}_{-0.054} ~R_{\rm Jup}$. Asteroseismic analysis produces a stellar radius of $R_{\star}=6.30\pm 0.16 ~R_{\odot}$ and a mass of $M_{\star}=1.31\pm 0.10 ~ M_{\odot}$. We find that its eccentric orbit ($e=0.066^{+0.013}_{-0.017}$) is just $1.32^{+0.07}_{-0.22} ~ R_{\star}$ away from the stellar atmosphere at the pericenter. Kepler-91b could be the previous stage of the planet engulfment, recently detected for BD+48 740. Our estimations show that Kepler-91b will be swallowed by its host star in less than 55 Myr. Among the confirmed planets around giant stars, this is the planetary-mass body closest to its host star. At pericenter passage, the star subtends an angle of $48^{\circ}$, covering around 10% of the sky as seen from the planet. The planetary atmosphere seems to be inflated probably due to the high stellar irradiation.Comment: 21 pages, 8 tables and 11 figure

The Effect of Cyclic Relative Humidity Changes on Moisture Content and Thickness Swelling Behavior of Oriented Strandboard

This study examines the effect of cyclic RH exposure on MC and thickness swelling (TS) of oriented strandboard (OSB) made from fire-impacted trees. Two specimens were cut from the center of each OSB panel and one was edge-sealed. After being conditioned to 65% RH, specimens were placed in a climate-controlled chamber and subjected to three cyclic changes of 90 - 30% RH at 20°C. Experimental data were characterized by three time-dependent MC or TS models: logarithmic, power law, and exponential. The latter two models gave the best fits showing that edge-sealing reduced the extent of swelling during adsorption and reduced the moisture loss at desorption. The models also described the effect of burnt level and bark throughout the humidity exposure cycles. The exponential model revealed no significant effect of burnt level on the panel TS. Both the power law and exponential models indicated that addition of charred bark to the panels significantly decreased the maximum amount of moisture and thickness change. The exponential model revealed an increase in equilibrium TS at the end of each RH cycle compared with the end of precyclic desorption. True nonrecoverable TS was difficult to discern in Cycle 1 because of moisture hysteresis, but the nonrecoverable effect was evident in Cycles 2 and 3

Lattice dynamics and phonon softening in Ni-Mn-Al Heusler alloys

Inelastic and elastic neutron scattering have been used to study a single crystal of the Ni$_{54}$Mn$_{23}$Al$_{23}$ Heusler alloy over a broad temperature range. The paper reports the first experimental determination of the low-lying phonon dispersion curves for this alloy system. We find that the frequencies of the TA$_2$ modes are relatively low. This branch exhibits an anomaly (dip) at a wave number $\xi_{0} ={1/3}\approx 0.33$, which softens with decreasing temperature. Associated with this anomalous dip at $\xi_{0}$, an elastic central peak scattering is also present. We have also observed satellites due to the magnetic ordering.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in the Physical Review