Preservice teacher's greater power to act in the classroom: analysis of the circumstances for professional development

International audienceThis case study analysed the circumstances during a one-year work placement in which a pre-service teacher showed professional development, with a focus on the impact of her interactions with various interlocutors. The study was conducted within the framework of the cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) and of activity theory with its methods for the clinical study of activity. The results showed intra-psychic conflicts. produced by interactions with trainers, peers, experienced colleagues, and students. These conflicts prompted the development of the pre-service teacher's professional activity through the construction of new goals and new motives for action (development through sense), and the construction of new operations to reach these goals (development through efficiency). This study thus opens the way for creating training programmes that favour the development of teachers' power to act. It provides a source for transforming traditional mentoring methods in teacher training.Cet article présente une étude qui analyse les circonstances du développement professionnel d'une enseignante débutante au cours d'un stage d'un an, notamment l'impact de ses interactions avec différents interlocuteurs. L'étude emprunte son cadre conceptuel à l'approche Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) (Vygotski, 1978; Leontiev, 1976) et sa méthode aux travaux en clinique de l'activité (Clot, 2008). Les résultats mettent en évidence les conflits intrapsychiques que produisent les interactions avec les formateurs, mais aussi les pairs, les enseignants confirmés, les élèves. Ces conflits sont à l'origine d'un développement de l'activité professionnelle de l'enseignante à travers la construction de nouveaux buts et motifs d'action (développement par le sens) et la maîtrise d'opérations nouvelles pour atteindre ces buts (développement par l'efficience). Cette étude ouvre des pistes d'ingénierie de formation favorisant le développement du pouvoir d'agir des enseignants. Elle est une source de transformation des approches traditionnelles du tutorat d'enseignants

CCQM-K90, formaldehyde in nitrogen, 2 μmol mol− 1 Final report

The CCQM-K90 comparison is designed to evaluate the level of comparability of national metrology institutes (NMI) or designated institutes (DI) measurement capabilities for formaldehyde in nitrogen at a nominal mole fraction of 2 μmol mol−1. The comparison was organised by the BIPM using a suite of gas mixtures prepared by a producer of specialty calibration gases. The BIPM assigned the formaldehyde mole fraction in the mixtures by comparison with primary mixtures generated dynamically by permeation coupled with continuous weighing in a magnetic suspension balance. The BIPM developed two dynamic sources of formaldehyde in nitrogen that provide two independent values of the formaldehyde mole fraction: the first one based on diffusion of trioxane followed by thermal conversion to formaldehyde, the second one based on permeation of formaldehyde from paraformaldehyde contained in a permeation tube. Two independent analytical methods, based on cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for the assignment procedure. Each participating institute was provided with one transfer standard and value assigned the formaldehyde mole fraction in the standard based on its own measurement capabilities. The stability of the formaldehyde mole fraction in transfer standards was deduced from repeated measurements performed at the BIPM before and after measurements performed at participating institutes. In addition, 5 control standards were kept at the BIPM for regular measurements during the course of the comparison. Temporal trends that approximately describe the linear decrease of the amount-of-substance fraction of formaldehyde in nitrogen in the transfer standards over time were estimated by two different mathematical treatments, the outcomes of which were proposed to participants. The two treatments also differed in the way measurement uncertainties arising from measurements performed at the BIPM were propagated to the uncertainty of the trend parameters, as well as how the dispersion of the dates when measurements were made by the participants was taken into account. Upon decision of the participants, the Key Comparison Reference Values were assigned by the BIPM using the largest uncertainty for measurements performed at the BIPM, linear regression without weight to calculate the trend parameters, and not taking into account the dispersion of dates for measurements made by the participant. Each transfer standard was assigned its own reference value and associated expanded uncertainty. An expression for the degree of equivalence between each participating institute and the KCRV was calculated from the comparison results and measurement uncertainties submitted by participating laboratories. Results of the alternative mathematical treatment are presented in annex of this report

Preservice teacher’s greater power to act in the classroom: analysis of the circumstances for professional development

This study is part of a much larger research programme1 to reform teacher training in France. The specific aim of this study was to examine professional development of a preservice teacher in order to improve the organization and contents of this reform. The notion of professional development is currently undergoing a renewal of interest in the field of adult training (Borko 2004; Marcel 2009) for two likely reasons: training quality needs to improve to meet the expectations of the educational system and greater insight into how teachers learn to teach will enhance training programmes. In the broader research program, professional development is defined in relation to the processes by which preservice teachers learn professional actions. This entails identifying how they construct actions for thinking about their teaching activity and for acting efficiently in the classroom, as they interact with others. From this perspective, professional development is conceived as processes of internalisation (Matusov 1998) and social and cultural mediation (Bruner 1991) that contribute to transforming professional activity

Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with JRC, July 2019

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of the European Commission maintained by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range from 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol.JRC.C.5-Air and Climat

Calibration Strategies for FT-IR and Other Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectrometer Instruments for Accurate δ\u3csup\u3e13\u3c/sup\u3eC and δ\u3csup\u3e18\u3c/sup\u3eO Measurements of CO2 in Air

This paper describes calibration strategies in laboratory conditions that can be applied to ensure accurate measurements of the isotopic composition of the CO2 in ultradry air, expressed as δ13C and δ18O on the VPDB scale, with either FT-IR (in this case a Vertex 70 V (Bruker)) or an isotope ratio infrared spectrometer (IRIS) (in this case a Delta Ray (Thermo Fisher Scientific)). In the case of FT-IR a novel methodology using only two standards of CO2 in air with different mole fractions but identical isotopic composition was demonstrated to be highly accurate for measurements of δ13C and δ18O with standard uncertainties of 0.09‰ and 1.03‰, respectively, at a nominal CO2 mole fraction of 400 μmol mol-1 in air. In the case of the IRIS system, we demonstrate that the use of two standards of CO2 in air of known but differing δ13C and δ18O isotopic composition allows standard uncertainties of 0.18‰ and 0.48‰ to be achieved for δ13C and δ18O measurements, respectively. The calibration strategies were validated using a set of five traceable primary reference gas mixtures. These standards, produced with whole air or synthetic air covered the mole fraction range of (378-420) μmol mol-1 and were prepared and/or value assigned either by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The standards were prepared using pure CO2 obtained from different sources, namely, combustion; Northern Continental and Southern Oceanic Air and a gas well source, with δ13C values ranging between -35‰ and -1‰. The isotopic composition of all standards was value assigned at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena (MPI-Jena)

Calibration Strategies for FT-IR and Other Isotope Ratio Infrared Spectrometer Instruments for Accurate δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O Measurements of CO₂ in Air

This paper describes calibration strategies in laboratory conditions that can be applied to ensure accurate measurements of the isotopic composition of the CO₂ in ultradry air, expressed as δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O on the VPDB scale, with either FT-IR (in this case a Vertex 70 V (Bruker)) or an isotope ratio infrared spectrometer (IRIS) (in this case a Delta Ray (Thermo Fisher Scientific)). In the case of FT-IR a novel methodology using only two standards of CO₂ in air with different mole fractions but identical isotopic composition was demonstrated to be highly accurate for measurements of δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O with standard uncertainties of 0.09‰ and 1.03‰, respectively, at a nominal CO₂ mole fraction of 400 μmol mol^–1 in air. In the case of the IRIS system, we demonstrate that the use of two standards of CO₂ in air of known but differing δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O isotopic composition allows standard uncertainties of 0.18‰ and 0.48‰ to be achieved for δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O measurements, respectively. The calibration strategies were validated using a set of five traceable primary reference gas mixtures. These standards, produced with whole air or synthetic air covered the mole fraction range of (378–420) μmol mol^–1 and were prepared and/or value assigned either by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The standards were prepared using pure CO₂ obtained from different sources, namely, combustion; Northern Continental and Southern Oceanic Air and a gas well source, with δ¹³C values ranging between −35‰ and −1‰. The isotopic composition of all standards was value assigned at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena (MPI-Jena)

Species-based or ecosystem-based approaches to conservation pratices: Lessons from the Port-Cros National Park (south-east France, Mediterranean Sea).

International audienceFor almost 60 years, the management policy of the Port-Cros National Park (PCNP) has steadily progressed, in phase with human impacts, changes in doctrines and goals in the field of nature conservation, what was socially acceptable at a given time, a very active Scientific Council and a gradual shift from species-centered to ecosystem-based management. Here, we illustrate problems faced by a national park, together with responses or practices that are suited, or not, to an ecosystem-based approach. PCNP’s doctrine has been to explain that the abundance of species fluctuates naturally, and that we must not be too hasty to intervene, that nature sometimes does things better than humans, that a national park is neither a zoo nor a botanical garden, and the purpose is not to artificially increase the species diversity. The management approach of the PCNP can constitute a source of lessons for nature protection and management