The study of Triple dimensions (Subjective, psychological and spiritual) of Well-being in Prediction of fear of normal delivery in Pregnant women

Background and aims: Increasing the number of elective caesarean section in Iran caused by several factors including fear of normal delivery that is psychological factor. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between triple dimensions (Subjective, psychological and spiritual) of well-being in prediction of fear of normal delivery in pregnant women. Methods: This research method was descriptive and correlational. The research sample included178 pregnant women that referred to the clinic of two hospitals in Tehran with two tendencies of normal delivery and caesarean for childbirth, and were selected by convenient sampling. Participants completed the spiritual well-being scale, subjective well-being scale, psychological well-being index and researcher made questionnaire of fear of childbirth. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The results showed negative significant correlation between spiritual well-being, religious and existential well-being, life satisfaction, positive affect and psychological well-being with fear of normal delivery in pregnant women and positive significant correlation between negative affect and fear of childbirth (P≤0.01). Results also showed that existential well-being has negative significant role in predicting the fear of normal delivery. The final research model explains significantly 9% of variance of fear of normal delivery. Conclusion: From correlation between fear of normal delivery with the subjective, psychological and spiritual well-being in pregnant women, it can be concluded the increasing of satisfaction with life, positive affect and enriching the existential and religious beliefs in pregnant women can reduce their tendency for caesarean section and increase their readiness for selecting normal delivery

The relationship between spiritual wellbeing and depression, stress, anxiety with cortisol level among nursing students

Introduction: Stress is a public health problem in today’s world. Spiritual health is one of the health dimensions that can affect the other ones. This study is about the connection between spiritual health and stress and cortisol level among nursing students.Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive analytic search that was done in Azad University, Rasht on 2013. Total of 100 students were participated in this study. Our tools for collecting data were included: demographic information such as, age, sex, occupation and marital status situation. Also, questionnaire about depression, anxiety and stress measurement (Dass_21) were utilized. Additionally, standard questionnaire about spiritual health (SWB) were used. The cortisol plasma was measured with Eliza method.Results: According to this study, increasing the spiritual health will decrease depression, anxiety and stress among students. We also can conclude that by increasing the depression and anxiety, the cortisol level will increase. There is no connection between cortisol level and stress and spiritual health among these students, but there is a connection between believing in God (as a solution of problems and enjoying the life) and cortisol level

The Effect of Physical Activity Levels on Body Image, Self-esteem, and Quality of Life in Women after Breast Cancer Surgery

Introduction: Based on many evidences, physical activity levels are one of the most important factors in maintaining personal and social health. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on body image, self-esteem, and quality of life in women after breast cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: The participants of the present study were 252 women with breast cancer who had undergone breast cancer surgery at least once in the Mo'tamed hospital in Tehran. Assessment tools were the international Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ), self-administrated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and Coopersmith self-esteem (SEI) questionnaires. To analyze the data, the ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test were used respectively. Results: Results showed a significant difference between low and moderate, low and high, and moderate and high PA level on body image, self-esteem, and quality of life (P≥0.05). The moderate level of PA had more effect compared to the low and high levels of PA. Conclusion: Our study suggested that physicians, Physical Therapists, Occupational Therapists, should be schedules more PA and sports plans for patients with breast cancer surgery and increase patients’ awareness of PA benefits

Ethics of Palliative Surgery in Esophageal Cancer

Abstract Background: Surgery is one of the important palliative methods for patients with esophageal cancer. In addition to concerns related to clinical decision making, various moral challenges are encountered in palliative surgery. Some of them are related to patients and their illness, others to surgeons, their attitudes, skills and knowledge base

Three-dimensional numerical analysis of twist extrusion process for annealed copper

Nowadays in order to achieve the materials with superior strength and appropriate formability, severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods are used in which the available coarsegrained materials are processed to produce substantial grain refinement and a nanostructure. A new SPD method based on direct extrusion process, proposed recently, is the «Twist Extrusion process». The process is capable of industrial usage and has the advantage of producing a finer structure as compared with other SPD methods. In this investigation, in order to help in determining the effective process variables and in understanding the die manufacturing process, the simulation of the twist extrusion process is presented by using explicit analysis procedure, and the von-Misses and equivalent plastic, strain distributions are considered. The effects of friction coefficient and speed of deformation on the maximum values of von-Misses stress and equivalent plastic strain for the annealed copper material are investigated, they are validated and compared with the corresponding theoretical and experimental values obtained from researchers. The simulation results show that the maximum and minimum equivalent plastic strains are produced at the corner and at the center of the billet, respectively. The maximum and minimum equivalent plastic strains predicted by the simulations are found to be 1.3 and 0.3, respectively. Serrated diagrams of instantaneous stress versus strain and applicable flow stress were observed and recalculated. Simulation results placed next to experimental results are indicative of an acceptable level of compatibility

Effect of monosodium glutamate on testicular tissue of paclitaxel-treated mice: an experimental study

Background: Paclitaxel (PTX), a chemotherapeutic agent, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) have oxidative effects on testicular tissue. Objective: In this study, the effects of MSG administration on the exacerbation of testicular tissue alterations related to PTX treatment were evaluated. Materials and Methods: MSG (30 & 60 mg/kg i.p.) was administrated to six groups (n = 8/each) of adult mice before or after PTX treatment: control, PTX-treated, MSG30 + PTX, MSG60 + PTX, PTX + MSG30, and PTX + MSG60. Following the euthanizing, the body weight measurement, pituitary–testicular axis hormonal analysis and serum lipid peroxidation index assessment was prepared, testicular histomorphometry (tubular diameter and germinal epithelium height), immunohistochemistry of p53 was completed. Microscopic indices of spermatogenesis (tubular differentiation, spermiogenesis and repopulation indices) were studied. Results: Body weight was not changed significantly. The levels of testosterone (p = 0.0001), follicle stimulating hormone (p = 0.019), and luteinizing hormone (p = 0.08) were decreased while the level of lipid peroxidation index was increased (p = 0.208) in the treated groups. The histomorphometry indices (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively), germ cells population (p < 0.05) and microscopic indices of spermatogenesis (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, p < 0.0001, respectively) were significantly reduced in all treated groups. The administration of MSG before PTX treatment induces more changes. The most positive reaction to p53 was observed in MSG30 or 60 + PTX groups compared to other groups. Conclusion: The administration of MSG could intensify testicular tissue alterations related to PTX chemotherapy. Key words: Mice, Monosodium glutamate, Morphometry, Paclitaxel, Testicular tissue

Spiritual Interventions and Distress in Mothers of Children with Cancer

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of spiritual interventions in reducing distress in mothers of children with cancer. In a quasi-experimental study 12 mothers of children with cancer aged between 19 to 50 years old were selected and studied within six 90-minute group sessions in a spiritual intervention based program. Participants in a program based on repeated measures were tested in the first, third, sixth sessions and then 3 weeks after the last session (follow-up) with a Scale of Subjective Units of Distress (SUD). The results of repeated measures show that spiritual intervention improves distress of mothers of children with cancer in post-test phase and this increase remains sustained until follow-up

Identifying and Explanning Key Drivers Affecting citizen Participation In Urban Waste Managment ( Case Study : Tabriz Metropolice

The waste management without considering the role of people who are the main waste manufacturers, will be impossible. In our country, in discussion of waste management and collection, repulsion and recycling in terms of type and quality of wastes, is diffrent from other countries of the world and has different nature and taking action from any method and technology without examining and recognizing materials and compatibility of local factors, especially the issue of citizens' participation, will not be feasible.The present research with an explanatory approach has been addressed to the issue that the capacity of citizens participation in each dimensions of managerial decision making is to be explored. The results of 24 items in the form of 385 questionnaires in 10 municipalities showed that the score obtained in the Likret scale equals 3.08 . The highest extractive averages is related to areas 1, 2, 9 and 5 are 3.15, 3.13, 3.12 and 3.11, and the lowest average is associated to area 4 equals 3.03. Despite the fact that these areas are at the average of the Likert spectrum, there is a possibility of instability in this section due to the low levels of Urban mismanagement in this section.The study 44 Index of Waste sphere and Urban Management with opinion apply of 50 Related Experts to determine the importance of factors using interaction analysis method / structural in Mic MacFase software demonstrated that the most influenced direct factors of the system are: Creating social capacity, Active participation of beneficiaries people, Social trust, Social capital, Institutions and civil, society,organizations (CSO), Interaction and balance between participater and participating,Education of citizenship rights and NGO assignments. The effects obtained showed the role of social factors, cultural infrastructure and the role of beneficiaries

Study of tidal components amplitude distribution in the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea using numerical simulation

Tide is one of the most regular changes of seas and ocean levels which are offering particular importance due to the influence on the flow pattern in tidal zone. According to engineering needs and environmental protection issues in industrial-economic zone of Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman, knowing tidal characteristics of this region is very important. Therefore FVCOM (a three-dimensional ocean model) was used in barotropic mode to stimulate the tidal amplitude in a wide region comprising Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea. Finite volume method is applied in this model to discretize the hydrodynamic equations on triangular mesh. Uniform computational mesh is used with a resolution of 5 km in the model and one minute bathymetry data has been interpolated on this mesh. The constant values of eight diurnal and semidiurnal tidal components are prescribed along the open ocean boundary. After applying harmonic analysis on the model outputs in desired stations, the achieved amplitude of this analysis compared with results which are obtained from the analysis on the available measurement data in these stations to validate the model results. According to the measurement data and model results in these stations, meanwhile identifying the four main tidal components, the amplitude pattern of these components was determined in the whole domain. Also, by using amplitude of main components and estimating of F factor, the type of tide was predicted in the study area. According to the results obtained in this research, four types of diurnal, semidiurnal, mixed diurnal and mixed semidiurnal tides are seen in the Persian Gulf. In other areas, the tide will be mixed semidiurnal. Moreover, studying the maximum amounts of tidal velocity in the study area shows that the amount of this velocity in the Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea is less than 0.1 m/s