Importance de Coula edulis Baill. pour les populations du Sud-Est du Gabon: niveaux de prélèvement et potentiel économique de l'espèce

Importance of Coula edulis Baill. for the People of South-East Gabon: Harvest Levels and Economic Potential. Coula edulis is a non-timber forest tree species that provides edible fruits for local people. However, its economical importance has never been quantified. The present study aimed to identify the fate of stocks of harvested C. edulis fruits in Gabonese villages, emphasizing the social impact and economic income generated by this activity. Our investigations revealed that C. edulis fruits are predominantly utilized for own subsistence, since trading proportion concerned less than 20% of collected fruits. The average income from trade during the harvest period (two months) varied from € 1.7 to € 3.3 per household, depending on the proximity of the market (local or urban). The economical potential of C. edulis fruits could be improved if a sustainable production strategy through domestication processes and agroforestry practices was developed. Such a strategy may also contribute to the increase of the local demand of C. edulis fruits, assuming that a better diffusion was also carried out

Évaluation De L’aptitude De Pseudospondias Microcarpa (A. Rich.) Engl. Var. Microcarpa (Anacardiaceae) Au Marcottage Aérien Et Perspectives De Domestication Dans Le Sud-Est Du Gabon

La Multiplication Végétative Des Espèces Spontanées À Usages Multiples Reste Encore Limitée En Zone Tropicale Humide D’afrique Centrale. Cette Étude Évalue L’aptitude De Pseudospondias Microcarpa Au Marcottage Aérien Dans Les Conditions De Franceville Dans Le Sud-Est Du Gabon. L’objectif À Terme Est Sa Domestication Et Son Intégration Dans Les Systèmes Agroforestiers Traditionnels. Sur 102 Branches Orthotropes, 4 Substrats (Sphaigne Du Chili, Mousse, Inflorescence Mâle Du Palmier À Huile, Sciure De Bois) Ont Été Testés. L’induction Racinaire, Intervenant Au Bout De 30 Jours, S’étend Au-Delà De 120 Jours, Et Ne Dépend Pas Du Type De Substrat. Le Volume Racinaire Par Contre Augmente Avec La Texture Du Substrat Utilisé. Les Taux D’enracinement (78,43 ± 7,98%) Et De Réussite (97,5 ± 3,42%) À 120 Jours Sont Très Prometteurs. Les Taux De Survie En Pépinière (55,56 ± 13,25%) Et En Champ (45,83 ± 19,93%) Restent Assez Variables. Néanmoins, Ces Résultats Indiquent Que Pseudospondias Microcarpa Var. Microcarpa Présente Une Bonne Aptitude Au Marcottage Aérien. Cette Observation Constitue Un Préalable À La Domestication De Cette Espèce. Les Deux Derniers Résultats Suggèrent Cependant De S’appesantir Sur La Recherche Des Conditions Optimales De Sevrage Et De Culture, Afin D’améliorer La Production Des Plants Par Marcottage Aérien De Pseudospondias Microcarpa. L’autre Résultat Majeur Est La Prise En Compte Des Substrats Locaux Dans La Vulgarisation De Cette Technique À Faible Coût. Vegetative propagation of spontaneous multipurpose species is still limited in tropical rainforest areas of Central Africa. This study evaluates the aptitude of Pseudospondias microcarpa for aerial marcottage under the conditions of Franceville in south-eastern Gabon. The ultimate objective is its domestication and its integration into traditional agroforestry systems. A total of 102 orthotropic branches were tested on 4 different substrates: Chilean sphagnum moss, moss, male inflorescence of oil palm, and sawdust. The root induction, occurring after 30 days, extends beyond 120 days and does not depend on the substrate type. Rooting (78.43 ± 7.98%) and success rates (97.5 ± 3.42%) at 120 days were very promising. The nursery (55.56 ± 13.25%) and field (45.83 ± 19.93%) survival rates remain quite variable. However, these results indicate that Pseudospondias microcarpa var. microcarpa has a good ability to aerial marcottage. This observation constitutes a prerequisite for the domestication of this species. The latter two results suggest, however, to further investigates the optimum conditions of weaning and cultivation. This is done in order to improve Pseudospondias microcarpa plant production through aerial marcottage. The other major result has to do with taking into account local substrates in popularizing this low-cost technique

Qualities and Origins of Out-of-Home Food Products: Midday Meals in the Cities of Southeastern Gabon

editorial reviewedThe place of local products in out-of-home catering and the growth of non-communicable metabolic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa raise questions. To identify the influence of the economic and social environments on this phenomenon, this study analyzes the foods and consumers concerning the main meal of the day. A survey of 180 customers from seventy-three catering establishments in the province of Haut Ogooué in southeastern Gabon was conducted. They were interviewed between 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. over a month using a semi-structured questionnaire providing socio-demographic variables, foods, side dishes, cooking methods, prices, and food additives consumed in restaurants and at home. The results show that clients are disadvantaged young people (30.3 ± 9.7 years) who consume animal proteins that are less available at home. Low prices, imported food, proximity, the availability of food additives rich in oils and salts, and the possibility of consuming local side foods explain the success of out-of-home catering. The cooking and consumption patterns are conducive to the development in the long-term of non-communicable metabolic diseases.3. Good health and well-being12. Responsible consumption and productio

Mise Au Point D’un Protocole De Sterilisation D’explants Nodaux D’alchornea Cordifolia Avec De L’acide Triclororoisocyanurique

Trichloroisocyanuric acid is a swimming pool disinfectant and is readily accessible. As a result, there is the need to use it as a substitute for conventional disinfectants in in vitro culture. Nodal explants of Alchornea cordifolia, harvested in a natural environment, have been rinsed abundantly with Dettol under running water. Then it was soaked in Talo Plus (550 g/l carbendazim and 100 g/l Chlorothalonil) at 5 ml/liter, which is a broad spectrum fungicide. After then, it was immersed in 70% alcohol for 10 minutes before being soaked in different solutions of trichloroisocyanuric acid to: 6, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.3, 0.1, and 0.08%. The explants were disinfected completely of all contaminating bacterial and fungal exogenous. This was after a treatment in solutions of acidic trichloroisocyanurique of 6 to 0.08%. The results showed that the losses of active chlorine remained low during storage at temperatures of 4 to 18 ± 2°C. They reach only 5.29% after 72 hours. At room temperature of 27 ± 2 ° C, these losses are more than 30% after three days. Concentrations of 0.1 to 0.3% are effective for the disinfection of explants. This protocol of explants disinfection in vitro culture could therefore be advantageously substituted using the hypochlorite of calcium or the chloride of mercury

Variation of the chemical composition of four forage shrubs (Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena leucocephala, Morinda lucida and Senna siamea) in dry season in southeast of Gabon

Objective: This study is conducted, to know the chemical composition at different periods of the dry season, of four major fodder shrubs (Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena leucocephala, Morinda lucida and Senna siamea), used to supplement poor fodders in animal feed, in the conditions of southeast Gabon.Methodology and results: The leaves of each species were harvested at the beginning, at mid-season and at the end of dry season. They were dried and crushed to determine their chemical composition. The results showed that, with A. lebbeck, the levels of DM obtained at mid-season and the end that one, were higher (P<0.05) than at the first harvest. The levels of DM and CP obtained at mid-season and the end of dry season, with L. leucocephala were higher (p<0.05) than those observed at beginning. Variations of DM and CP levels of M. lucida leaves and DM content of S. siamea leaves were not significant (p>0.05). In addition, catechic tannins were not found in the leaves of S. siamea. However, the variations of this tannins type, observed in the leaves of L. leucocephala, M. lucida and A. lebbeck were not significant (p>0.05). On the other hand, the contents of gallic tannins measured in the leaves of S. siamea decreased at the end of the dry season (p<0.05).Conclusion: Finally, it appears that these species showed few variations in protein, cellulose and tannins throughout the dry season. Taking into account the results obtained, the shrub species studied could constitute good forage in supplementation of poor grass in the dry season. However, L. leucocephala and S. siamea should be used with much moderation for the feeding of ruminants, given the presence of gallic tannins in their leaves. Nevertheless, it would be important to study the digestibility of these forages in the dry season.Key words: legumes, fabaceae, rubiaceae, ruminants, tannins

Determinants of poverty in the cassava stick sector in the Haut Ogooué province in southeastern Gabon

peer reviewedTo escape poverty, Gabonese rural populations have moved overwhelmingly to the country's cities. Due to a lack of skills for better jobs, they are mostly engaged in informal activities, particularly in the agri-food sector. This study focuses on the poverty of direct actors in the cassava stick sector (CSS) in the province of Haut Ogooué (HO) in southeastern Gabon. The sample consists of 30 farmers, 157 cassava stick producers, 33 mill managers and 3 cassava paste importers. The socio-demographic, economic and poverty probability index (PPI) characteristics of these individuals were reported. Using a multivariate linear regression model with the PPI score as the dependent variable, the determinants of poverty were sought. The results show that women (90 %) dominate this sector, almost a third of whom are heads of household. These actors are relatively old, poorly educated and the majority have less than 15 years of professional experience. Revenues from the activities of the CSS are used only to meet daily needs (76 %). With an average PPI score of 51.9, the linked reference table indicates that 33.7 % of farmers live below the poverty line. Importers of cassava pastes are less affected (2.2 %). Finally, the money earned by most actors is insufficient. According to the model, it is the activity that the person does or does not perform outside this sector that determines whether this actor lives below the poverty line (p < 0.05).1. No poverty5. Gender equality8. Decent work and economic growt

Epidemiology, risk factors and molecular analysis of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa:

Abstract text. Background: The emergence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is an important threat to global health. Reported outcomes of infections with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are poor. Commonly used antibiotics are generally inactive against CRE. Therefore, timely detection of CRE is of paramount importance. This study aimed to investigate the resistance genes responsible for CRE in Mthatha and to identify risk factors. Methods and materials: Study design – Prospective cohort study. Study period – 23 April to 27 September 2019. Setting – Eastern Cape province, SA. Study population – All adult and paediatric CRE patients. CRE case definition according to CDC 2018. ID and AST-bioMérieux Vitek 2 system. Detection of the blaOXA-48, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaVIM by the RESIST-4 OKNV assay (Coris). Patients were interviewed to determine risk factors associated with CRE. Results: Forty-four non-duplicate CRE patients were identified during the study period from microbiology lab at NMAH. Enterobacteriaceae species: K. pneumoniae 22 (61.4%), E. cloacae 10 (22.7%), E. coli 2 (4.5%) and K. oxytoca, P. rettgeri and M. morganii 1 each (4.3%). Adult patient 29 (65.9%0 and paediatric 15 (34.1%). Race: all black patients except one white. CRE genes-blaOXA-48 22 (50%), blaNDM 8 (18.2%), two isolates (4.5%) with both blaOXA and blaNDM. We did not find any blaKPC and blaVIM in our setting and 12 (27.2%) isolates were negative for all OKNV. Outcomes: Demised 18 (40.9%), still admitted in the ward 1 (2.3%), discharged home on basis of clinical grounds 22 (50%) and 3 (6.8%) were transferred back to the district hospitals. HAI in 27 (61.4%) with VAP 8, HABSI 8, CAUTI 5, SSI 3 and CLABSI in 3. Risk factors for CRE acquisition were antibiotic exposure 25 (58.7%), ICU stay 7 (15.9%), received medical care in last 6 months 35 (79.6%) and none travelled outside RSA. HIV positive – 19 (43.2%). Conclusion: In out setting our CRE mortality rate is 40.9%, common CRE genotypes are blaOXA-48 and blaNDM. K. pneumoniae is the most common CRE-producing Enterobacteriaceae and antibiotic exposure is an important risk factor in Mthatha and surrounding areas