5,506 research outputs found
Coherent optical control of spin-spin interaction in doped semiconductors
We provide a theory of laser-induced interaction between spins localized by
impurity centers in a semiconductor host. By solving exactly the problem of two
localized spins interacting with one itinerant exciton, an analytical
expression for the induced spin-spin interaction is given as a function of the
spin separation, laser energy, and intensity. We apply the theory to shallow
neutral donors (Si) and deep rare-earth magnetic impurities (Yb) in III-V
semiconductors. When the photon energy approaches a resonance related to
excitons bound to the impurities, the coupling between the localized spins
increases, and may change from ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic. This
light-controlled spin interaction provides a mechanism for the quantum control
of spins in semiconductors for quantum information processing; it suggests the
realization of spin systems whose magnetic properties can be controlled by
changing the strength and the sign of the spin-spin interaction.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Model solution for volume reflection of relativistic particles in a bent crystal
For volume reflection process in a bent crystal, exact analytic expressions
for positively- and negatively-charged particle trajectories are obtained
within a model of parabolic continuous potential in each interplanar interval,
with the neglect of incoherent multiple scattering. In the limit of the crystal
bending radius greatly exceeding the critical value, asymptotic formulas are
obtained for the particle mean deflection angle in units of Lindhard's critical
angle, and for the final beam profile. Volume reflection of negatively charged
particles is shown to contain effects of rainbow scattering and orbiting,
whereas with positively charged particles none of these effects arise within
the given model. The model predictions are compared with experimental results
and numerical simulations. Estimates of the volume reflection mean angle and
the final beam profile robustness under multiple scattering are performed.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figure
NiO: Correlated Bandstructure of a Charge-Transfer Insulator
The bandstructure of the prototypical charge-transfer insulator NiO is
computed by using a combination of an {\it ab initio} bandstructure method and
the dynamical mean-field theory with a quantum Monte-Carlo impurity solver.
Employing a Hamiltonian which includes both Ni-d and O-p orbitals we find
excellent agreement with the energy bands determined from angle-resolved
photoemission spectroscopy. This solves a long-standing problem in solid state
theory. Most notably we obtain the low-energy Zhang-Rice bands with strongly
k-dependent orbital character discussed previously in the context of low-energy
model theories.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figur
Rotational predissociation of extremely weakly bound atom-molecule complexes produced by Feshbach resonance association
We study the rotational predissociation of atom - molecule complexes with
very small binding energy. Such complexes can be produced by Feshbach resonance
association of ultracold molecules with ultracold atoms. Numerical calculations
of the predissociation lifetimes based on the computation of the energy
dependence of the scattering matrix elements become inaccurate when the binding
energy is smaller than the energy width of the predissociating state. We derive
expressions that represent accurately the predissociation lifetimes in terms of
the real and imaginary parts of the scattering length and effective range for
molecules in an excited rotational state. Our results show that the
predissociation lifetimes are the longest when the binding energy is positive,
i.e. when the predissociating state is just above the excited state threshold.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure
Magnetic Phases in Three-Flavor Color Superconductivity
The best natural candidates for the realization of color superconductivity
are quark stars -not yet confirmed by observation- and the extremely dense
cores of compact stars, many of which have very large magnetic fields. To
reliably predict astrophysical signatures of color superconductivity, a better
understanding of the role of the star's magnetic field in the color
superconducting phase that realizes in the core is required. This paper is an
initial step in that direction. The field scales at which the different
magnetic phases of a color superconductor with three quark flavors can be
realized are investigated. Coming from weak to strong fields, the system
undergoes first a symmetry transmutation from a Color-Flavor-Locked (CFL) phase
to a Magnetic-CFL (MCFL) phase, and then a phase transition from the MCFL phase
to the Paramagnetic-CFL (PCFL) phase. The low-energy effective theory for the
excitations of the diquark condensate in the presence of a magnetic field is
derived using a covariant representation that takes into account all the
Lorentz structures contributing at low energy. The field-induced masses of the
charged mesons and the threshold field at which the CFL MCFL symmetry
transmutation occurs are obtained in the framework of this low-energy effective
theory. The relevance of the different magnetic phases for the physics of
compact stars is discussed.Comment: Version to appear in PR
Pollen and Macrofossil Study of an Interglacial Deposit in Nova Scotia
Overburden removal for quarrying operations at the Milford Gypsum Quarry, East Milford, Nova Scotia, exposed 2 m of compacted and distorted peat and organic clays with abundant plant remains, associated with inorganic and laminated clays and sands. The non-glacial sediments were underlain by a grey till-like deposit and overlain by more than 20 m of red till. Wood (Larix sp.) from the nonglacial sediments produced a radiocarbon date of > 50,000 years BP (GSC-1642). Pollen analysis of the organic sediments shows a basal assemblage characterized by a variety of hardwood pollen genera including Fagus, Ulmus, Acer, Quercus and Tilia. Higher in the sequence Betula pollen increases and becomes the dominant pollen type. Towards the upper part of the organic unit, Picea and Abies balsamea replace the hardwood genera. Alnus is the most abundant pollen type at the top of the sequence. Wood, seeds, moss and Coleoptera remains add to the environmental reconstruction. The evidence as a whole leads to the conclusion that the latter part of an interglacial interval, probably the Sangamon, is represented. Hardwood forests dominated by a variety of thermophilous hardwood genera attest to a climate at least as warm as the present in the area. As the climate deteriorated, Betula became dominant. Continued cooling induced a transition to coniferous forests in which Picea and Abies balsamea predominated.L'enlèvement des formations superficielles, lors d'excavations dans la carrière de gypse d'East Milford en Nouvelle-Ecosse, a mis à jour 2 m de tourbe et d'argile organique compactées et déformées, ainsi que d'abondants restes végétaux, associés à des argiles et sables inorganiques et laminés. Les sédiments non glaciaires reposaient sur un dépôt gris ayant l'apparence de till et étaient recouverts par une couche de plus de 20 m de till rouge. Du bois met de la séquence. Des restes de bois, de graines et de mousses de > 50 000 ans BP (GSC-1642). L'analyse pollinique des sédiments organiques montre à la base un assemblage caractérisé par du pollen provenant de divers genres de feuillus, dont Fagus, Ulmus, Acer, Quercus et Tilia. Le pollen de Betula augmente vers le haut dans la séquence et devient le type dominant. Dans la partie supérieure de la séquence organique, Picea et Abies balsamea remplacent les bois durs. Alnus est le type de pollen le plus abondant au sommet de la séquence. Des restes de bois, de graines, de mousses et de Coléoptères aident à reconstituer l'environnement. Dans l'ensemble, les preuves permettent de conclure que la séquence date de la dernière partie d'un interglaciaire, probablement le Sangamonien. Les forêts de feuillus, dominées par une variété de genres thermophiles, témoignent d'un climat au moins aussi chaud que le climat actuel dans la région. À mesure que le climat s'est détérioré, les Betula ont proliféré. Le refroidissement continu a provoqué une transition vers les forêts de conifères dans lesquelles ont prédominé Picea et Abies balsamea
Effect of spatial inhomogeneity on the mapping between strongly interacting fermions and weakly interacting spins
A combined analytical and numerical study is performed of the mapping between
strongly interacting fermions and weakly interacting spins, in the framework of
the Hubbard, t-J and Heisenberg models. While for spatially homogeneous models
in the thermodynamic limit the mapping is thoroughly understood, we here focus
on aspects that become relevant in spatially inhomogeneous situations, such as
the effect of boundaries, impurities, superlattices and interfaces. We consider
parameter regimes that are relevant for traditional applications of these
models, such as electrons in cuprates and manganites, and for more recent
applications to atoms in optical lattices. The rate of the mapping as a
function of the interaction strength is determined from the Bethe-Ansatz for
infinite systems and from numerical diagonalization for finite systems. We show
analytically that if translational symmetry is broken through the presence of
impurities, the mapping persists and is, in a certain sense, as local as
possible, provided the spin-spin interaction between two sites of the
Heisenberg model is calculated from the harmonic mean of the onsite Coulomb
interaction on adjacent sites of the Hubbard model. Numerical calculations
corroborate these findings also in interfaces and superlattices, where
analytical calculations are more complicated.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
Valence-bond theory of highly disordered quantum antiferromagnets
We present a large-N variational approach to describe the magnetism of
insulating doped semiconductors based on a disorder-generalization of the
resonating-valence-bond theory for quantum antiferromagnets. This method
captures all the qualitative and even quantitative predictions of the
strong-disorder renormalization group approach over the entire experimentally
relevant temperature range. Finally, by mapping the problem on a hard-sphere
fluid, we could provide an essentially exact analytic solution without any
adjustable parameters.Comment: 5 pages, 3 eps figure
Geometric gauge potentials and forces in low-dimensional scattering systems
We introduce and analyze several low-dimensional scattering systems that
exhibit geometric phase phenomena. The systems are fully solvable and we
compare exact solutions of them with those obtained in a Born-Oppenheimer
projection approximation. We illustrate how geometric magnetism manifests in
them, and explore the relationship between solutions obtained in the diabatic
and adiabatic pictures. We provide an example, involving a neutral atom dressed
by an external field, in which the system mimics the behavior of a charged
particle that interacts with, and is scattered by, a ferromagnetic material. We
also introduce a similar system that exhibits Aharonov-Bohm scattering. We
propose some practical applications. We provide a theoretical approach that
underscores universality in the appearance of geometric gauge forces. We do not
insist on degeneracies in the adiabatic Hamiltonian, and we posit that the
emergence of geometric gauge forces is a consequence of symmetry breaking in
the latter.Comment: (Final version, published in Phy. Rev. A. 86, 042704 (2012
- …