2,541 research outputs found
Period spacings in red giants II. Automated measurement
The space missions CoRoT and Kepler have provided photometric data of
unprecedented quality for asteroseismology. A very rich oscillation pattern has
been discovered for red giants, including mixed modes that are used to decipher
the red giants interiors. They carry information on the radiative core of red
giant stars and bring strong constraints on stellar evolution. Since more than
15,000 red giant light curves have been observed by Kepler, we have developed a
simple and efficient method for automatically characterizing the mixed-mode
pattern and measuring the asymptotic period spacing. With the asymptotic
expansion of the mixed modes, we have revealed the regularity of the
gravity-mode pattern. The stretched periods were used to study the evenly space
periods with a Fourier analysis and to measure the gravity period spacing, even
when rotation severely complicates the oscillation spectra. We automatically
measured gravity period spacing for more than 6,100 Kepler red giants. The
results confirm and extend previous measurements made by semi-automated
methods. We also unveil the mass and metallicity dependence of the relation
between the frequency spacings and the period spacings for stars on the red
giant branch. The delivery of thousands of period spacings combined with all
other seismic and non-seismic information provides a new basis for detailed
ensemble asteroseismology.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure
Period spacings in red giants I. Disentangling rotation and revealing core structure discontinuities
Asteroseismology allows us to probe the physical conditions inside the core
of red giant stars. This relies on the properties of the global oscillations
with a mixed character that are highly sensitive to the physical properties of
the core. However, overlapping rotational splittings and mixed-mode spacings
result in complex structures in the mixed-mode pattern, which severely
complicates its identification and the measurement of the asymptotic period
spacing. This work aims at disentangling the rotational splittings from the
mixed-mode spacings, in order to open the way to a fully automated analysis of
large data sets. An analytical development of the mixed-mode asymptotic
expansion is used to derive the period spacing between two consecutive mixed
modes. The \'echelle diagrams constructed with the appropriately stretched
periods are used to exhibit the structure of the gravity modes and of the
rotational splittings. We propose a new view on the mixed-mode oscillation
pattern based on corrected periods, called stretched periods, that mimic the
evenly spaced gravity-mode pattern. This provides a direct understanding of all
oscillation components, even in the case of rapid rotation. The measurement of
the asymptotic period spacing and the signature of the structural glitches on
mixed modes are then made easy. This work opens the possibility to derive all
seismic global parameters in an automated way, including the identification of
the different rotational multiplets and the measurement of the rotational
splitting, even when this splitting is significantly larger than the period
spacing. Revealing buoyancy glitches provides a detailed view on the radiative
core.Comment: Accepted in A&
Latent-heat and non-linear vortex liquid at the vicinity of the first-order phase transition in layered high-Tc superconductors
In this work we revisit the vortex matter phase diagram in layered
superconductors solving still open questions by means of AC and DC local
magnetic measurements in the paradigmatic BiSrCaCuO
compound. We show that measuring with AC magnetic techniques is mandatory in
order to probe the bulk response of vortex matter, particularly at
high-temperatures where surface barriers for vortex entrance dominate. From the
-evolution of the enthalpy and latent-heat at the transition we
find that, contrary to previous reports, the nature of the dominant interlayer
coupling is electromagnetic in the whole temperature range. By studying the
dynamic properties of the phase located at , we reveal
the spanning in a considerable fraction of the phase diagram of a non-linear
vortex phase suggesting bulk pinning might play a role even in the liquid
vortex phase.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1212.456
Pump-Probe Experiments on the Single-Molecule Magnet Fe8 : Measurement of Excited Level Lifetimes
We present magnetization measurements on the single molecule magnet Fe8 in
the presence of pulsed microwave radiation. A pump-probe technique is used with
two microwave pulses with frequencies of 107 GHz and 118 GHz and pulse lengths
of several nanoseconds to study the spin dynamics via time-resolved
magnetization measurements using a Hall probe magnetometer. We find evidence
for short spin-phonon relaxation times of the order of one microsecond. The
temperature dependence of the spin-phonon relaxation time in our experiments is
in good agreement with previously published theoretical results. We also
established the presence of very short energy diffusion times, that act on a
timescale of about 70 ns.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. (01 March 2007
Theoretical power spectra of mixed modes in low mass red giant stars
CoRoT and Kepler observations of red giant stars revealed very rich spectra
of non-radial solar-like oscillations. Of particular interest was the detection
of mixed modes that exhibit significant amplitude, both in the core and at the
surface of the stars. It opens the possibility of probing the internal
structure from their inner-most layers up to their surface along their
evolution on the red giant branch as well as on the red-clump. Our objective is
primarily to provide physical insight into the physical mechanism responsible
for mixed-modes amplitudes and lifetimes. Subsequently, we aim at understanding
the evolution and structure of red giants spectra along with their evolution.
The study of energetic aspects of these oscillations is also of great
importance to predict the mode parameters in the power spectrum. Non-adiabatic
computations, including a time-dependent treatment of convection, are performed
and provide the lifetimes of radial and non-radial mixed modes. We then combine
these mode lifetimes and inertias with a stochastic excitation model that gives
us their heights in the power spectra. For stars representative of CoRoT and
Kepler observations, we show under which circumstances mixed modes have heights
comparable to radial ones. We stress the importance of the radiative damping in
the determination of the height of mixed modes. Finally, we derive an estimate
for the height ratio between a g-type and a p-type mode. This can thus be used
as a first estimate of the detectability of mixed-modes
A decomposition of the increased stability of GDP growth
Since 1984, the U.S. economy has grown at a remarkably steady pace. An analysis of this increased stability shows that every major component of GDP has exhibited smoother growth. However, two components--inventory investment and consumer spending--are responsible for the bulk of the decline in overall volatility.Gross domestic product ; Capital investments ; Inventories ; Consumption (Economics)
Probing the core structure and evolution of red giants using gravity-dominated mixed modes observed with Kepler
We report for the first time a parametric fit to the pattern of the \ell = 1
mixed modes in red giants, which is a powerful tool to identify
gravity-dominated mixed modes. With these modes, which share the
characteristics of pressure and gravity modes, we are able to probe directly
the helium core and the surrounding shell where hydrogen is burning. We propose
two ways for describing the so-called mode bumping that affects the frequencies
of the mixed modes. Firstly, a phenomenological approach is used to describe
the main features of the mode bumping. Alternatively, a quasi-asymptotic
mixed-mode relation provides a powerful link between seismic observations and
the stellar interior structure. We used period \'echelle diagrams to emphasize
the detection of the gravity-dominated mixed modes. The asymptotic relation for
mixed modes is confirmed. It allows us to measure the gravity-mode period
spacings in more than two hundred red giant stars. The identification of the
gravity-dominated mixed modes allows us to complete the identification of all
major peaks in a red giant oscillation spectrum, with significant consequences
for the true identification of \ell = 3 modes, of \ell = 2 mixed modes, for the
mode widths and amplitudes, and for the \ell = 1 rotational splittings. The
accurate measurement of the gravity-mode period spacing provides an effective
probe of the inner, g-mode cavity. The derived value of the coupling
coefficient between the cavities is different for red giant branch and clump
stars. This provides a probe of the hydrogen-shell burning region that
surrounds the helium core. Core contraction as red giants ascend the red giant
branch can be explored using the variation of the gravity-mode spacing as a
function of the mean large separation.Comment: Accepted in A&
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