102 research outputs found
Vacuum Fluctuations and the Small Scale Structure of Spacetime
We show that vacuum fluctuations of the stress-energy tensor in
two-dimensional dilaton gravity lead to a sharp focusing of light cones near
the Planck scale, effectively breaking space up into a large number of causally
disconnected regions. This phenomenon, called "asymptotic silence" when it
occurs in cosmology, might help explain several puzzling features of quantum
gravity, including evidence of spontaneous dimensional reduction at short
distances. While our analysis focuses on a simplified two-dimensional model, we
argue that the qualitative features should still be present in four dimensions.Comment: 4 pages, revte
Z_2-gradings of Clifford algebras and multivector structures
Let Cl(V,g) be the real Clifford algebra associated to the real vector space
V, endowed with a nondegenerate metric g. In this paper, we study the class of
Z_2-gradings of Cl(V,g) which are somehow compatible with the multivector
structure of the Grassmann algebra over V. A complete characterization for such
Z_2-gradings is obtained by classifying all the even subalgebras coming from
them. An expression relating such subalgebras to the usual even part of Cl(V,g)
is also obtained. Finally, we employ this framework to define spinor spaces,
and to parametrize all the possible signature changes on Cl(V,g) by
Z_2-gradings of this algebra.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX; v2 accepted for publication in J. Phys.
Analogue gravity and radial fluid flows: the case of AdS and its deformations
FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORAn analogue model for the AdS(2) spacetime has been recently introduced by Mosna et al. [Phys. Rev. D 94, 104065 (2016)] by considering sound waves propagating on a fluid with an ill-defined velocity profile at its source/sink. The wave propagation is then uniquely defined only when one imposes an extra boundary condition at the source/sink (which corresponds to the spatial infinity of AdS(2)). Here we show that, once this velocity profile is smoothed out at the source/sink, the need for extra boundary conditions disappears. This, in turn, corresponds to deformations of the AdS(2) spacetime near its spatial infinity. We also examine how this regularization of the velocity profile picks up a specific boundary condition for the idealized system, so that both models agree in the long wavelength limit.971017FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIOR2013/09357-92016/07057-61490213/201
Conformal smectics and their many metrics
We establish that equally spaced smectic configurations enjoy an infinite-dimensional conformal symmetry and show that there is a natural map between them and null hypersurfaces in maximally symmetric spacetimes. By choosing the appropriate conformal factor it is possible to restore additional symmetries of focal structures only found before for smectics on flat substrates
Torsion and the Gravitational Interaction
By using a nonholonomous-frame formulation of the general covariance
principle, seen as an active version of the strong equivalence principle, an
analysis of the gravitational coupling prescription in the presence of
curvature and torsion is made. The coupling prescription implied by this
principle is found to be always equivalent with that of general relativity, a
result that reinforces the completeness of this theory, as well as the
teleparallel point of view according to which torsion does not represent
additional degrees of freedom for gravity, but simply an alternative way of
representing the gravitational field.Comment: Version 2: minor presentation changes, a reference added, 11 pages
(IOP style
The Mass Spectrum of Neutrinos
In a previous paper we showed that Weyl equation possess superluminal
solutions and moreover we showed that those solutions that are eigenstates of
the parity operator seem to describe a coupled pair of a monopole anti-monopole
system. This result suggests to look for a solution of Maxwell equation
\partialF^{\infty}=-gJ with a current J as source and such that the Lorentz
force on the current is null. We first identify a solution where
J={\gamma}^{5}J_{m}is a spacelike field (even if F is not a superluminal
solution of the homogeneous Maxwell equation). More surprisingly we find that
there exists a solution F of the free Maxwell \partialF=0 that is equivalent to
the non homogeneous equation for F^{\infty}. Once this result is proved it
suggests by itself to look for more general subluminal and superluminal
solutions F of the free Maxwell equation equivalent to a non homogeneous
Maxwell equation for a field F_{0} with a current term as source which may be
subluminal or superluminal. We exhibit one such subluminal solution, for which
the Dirac-Hestenes spinor field {\psi} associated the electromagnetic field
F_{0} satisfies a Dirac equation for a bradyonic neutrino under the ansatz that
the current is ce^{{\lambda}{\gamma}^{5}}g{\psi}{\gamma}^{0}{\psi}, with g the
quantum of magnetic charge and {\lambda} a constant to be determined in such a
way that the auto-force be null. Together with Dirac's quantization condition
this gives a quantized mass spectrum (Eq.49) for the neutrinos, with the masses
of the different flavor neutrinos being of the same order of magnitude (Eq.50)
which is in accord with recent experimental findings. As a last surprise we
show that the mass spectrum found in the previous case continues to hold if the
current is taken spacelike, i.e.,
ce^{{\lambda}{\gamma}^{5}}g{\psi}_{>}{\gamma}^{3}{\psi}_{>} with {\psi}_{>}, in
this case, satisfying a tachyonic Dirac-Hestenes equation.Comment: This version corrects some misprints, has a new remark and a new
referenc
New half supersymmetric solutions of the heterotic string
We describe all supersymmetric solutions of the heterotic string which
preserve 8 supersymmetries and show that are distinguished by the holonomy,
, of the connection, , with skew-symmetric
torsion. The solutions are principal
bundles over a 4-dimensional hyper-K\"ahler manifold equipped with a
anti-self-dual connection and fibre group which has Lie algebra,
{\mathfrak Lie} (G)=\bR^{5,1}, \mathfrak{sl}(2,\bR)\oplus \mathfrak{su}(2)
or . Some of the solutions have the interpretation as 5-branes
wrapped on with transverse space any hyper-K\"ahler 4-dimensional manifold.
We construct new solutions for {\mathfrak Lie} (G)=\mathfrak{sl}(2,\bR)\oplus
\mathfrak{su}(2) and show that are characterized by 3 integers and have
continuous moduli. There is also a smooth family in this class with one
asymptotic region and the dilaton is bounded everywhere on the spacetime. We
also demonstrate that the worldvolume theory of the backgrounds with holonomy
SU(2) can be understood in terms of gauged WZW models for which the gauge
fields are composite. The {\rm hol}(\hat\nabla) \subseteq\bR^8 solutions are
superpositions of fundamental strings and pp-waves in flat space, which may
also include a null rotation. The heterotic
string backgrounds which preserve 8 supersymmetries are Lorentzian group
manifolds.Comment: 31 pages, minor corrections, analysis improved and more references
adde
A Comparison of the Conditioning Regimens BEAM and FEAM for Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Lymphoma: An Observational Study on 1038 Patients From Fondazione Italiana Linfomi
Abstract Background Carmustine (BCNU)-Etoposide-Citarabine-Melphalan (BEAM) chemotherapy is the standard conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in lymphomas. Owing to BCNU shortages, many centers switched to Fotemustine-substituted BEAM (FEAM), lacking proof of equivalence. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 18 Italian centers to compare safety and efficacy of BEAM and FEAM regimens for ASCT in lymphomas performed from 2008 to 2015. Results We enrolled 1038 patients (BEAM n=607, FEAM n=431), of which 27% had Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), 14% indolent Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (iNHL) and 59% aggressive NHL (aNHL). Baseline characteristics including age, sex, stage, B-symptoms, extranodal involvement, previous treatments, response before ASCT, overall conditioning intensity, were well balanced between BEAM and FEAM; notable exceptions were: ASCT year (median: BEAM=2011 vs FEAM=2013, p Conclusions BEAM and FEAM do not appear different in terms of survival and disease control. However, due to concerns of higher toxicity, Fotemustine substitution in BEAM does not seem justified, if not for easier supply
Inducible Caspase9-mediated suicide gene for MSC-based cancer gene therapy
Cellular therapies based on mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) are promising strategies in regenerative medicine and oncology. Despite encouraging results, there is still some level of concerns on inoculating MSC in cancer patients. To face this issue, one possibility resides in engineering MSC by incorporating a suicide gene in order to control their fate once infused. Strategies based on Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase (HSV-TK) and the Cytosine Deaminase genes have been developed and more recently a novel suicide gene, namely, iCasp9, has been proposed. This approach is based on a variant of human Caspase9 that binds with high affinity to a synthetic, bioinert small molecule (AP20187) leading to cell death. Based on this technology so far marginally applied to MSC, we tested the suitability of iCasp9 suicide strategy in MSC to further increase their safety. MSC have been transfected by a lentiviral vector carrying iCasp9 gene and then tested for viability after AP20187 treatment in comparison with mock-transfected cells. Moreover, accounting our anti-tumor approaches based on MSC expressing potent anti-cancer ligand TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), we generated adipose MSC co-expressing iCasp9 and TRAIL successfully targeting an aggressive sarcoma type. These data show that anti-cancer and suicide mechanisms can coexist without affecting cells performance and hampering the tumoricidal activity mediated by TRAIL. In conclusion, this study originally indicates the suitability of combining a MSC-based anti-cancer gene approach with iCasp9 demonstrating efficiency and specificity
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