Оценка влияния двух режимов внутривенного введения клодроната на динамику болевого синдрома и качество жизни пациентов с метастазами в кости скелета рака молочной железы

Evaluation of the effect of the clodronate therapy on the dynamics of chronic pain syndrome and on the quality of life of patients with breast cancer with metastatic lesions of bones after previous treatment with drug containing zoledronic acid. Topicality: Breast cancer is characterized by tendency to early metastasize: about 6% of patients already at diagnosis have metastatic form of the disease. The most frequent targets are the bones: for the frequency of bone metastasis, breast cancer is on the second place among malignant tumors and for the specific weight on the first place [1, 2, 3, 4]. On the early stages, metastatic bone lesions can be asymptomatic. Оценка влияния терапии клодронатом на динамику хронического болевого синдрома и уровня качества жизни у больных раком молочной железы с метастатическим поражением костей скелета после предшествующего лечения препаратами золедроновой кислоты. Актуальность: РМЖ отличается склонностью к раннему метастазированию: около 6% больных уже на момент установления диагноза имеют метастатическую форму заболевания. Наиболее частой мишенью при этом являются кости (костная система): по частоте метастазирования в кости РМЖ занимает 2-е место среди злокачественных опухолей, а по удельному весу – 1-е [1, 2, 3, 4]. На ранних стадиях метастатическое поражение костей бывает бессимптомным [5, 6].

Collective Phase-like Mode and the Role of Lattice Distortions at TN~TC in RMn2O5 (R= Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Bi)

We report on electronic collective excitations in RMn2O5 (R= Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb) showing condensation starting at and below TN\simTC\sim40-50 K. Its origin is understood as partial delocalized eg electron orbitals in the Jahn-Teller distortion of the pyramids dimmer with strong hybridized Mn3+-O bonds. Our local probes, Raman, infrared, and X-ray absorption, back the conclusion by which there is no structural phase transition at TN\simTC. Ferroelectricity is magnetically assisted by electron localization triggering lattice polarizability by unscreening. We have also found phonon hardening as the rare earth is sequentially replaced. This is understood as consequence of lanthanide contraction. It is suggested that partially f-electron screened Rare Earth nuclei might be introducing a perturbation to eg electrons prone to delocalize as the superexchange interaction takes place.Comment: Journal of Physics Cond. Matter April 12, 2012. In pres

Клиническая эффективность преабилитации у пациентов, подвергшихся коронарному шунтированию

Aim. To evaluate clinical efficacy of high-intensity exercise training included in the prehabilitation program for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods. 38 male patients were included in the study before on-pump CABG. After fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria, patients were randomized into two groups: Group 1 patients (n = 20) underwent supervised treadmill exercise, and Group 2 patients (n = 18) were referred to surgery without any exercise training. Patients underwent a 7-day exercise training with daily measurements of hemodynamic parameters and electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring. The load intensity was measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing and accounted for 80% of the maximal oxygen uptake. Postoperative complications were recorded in the in-hospital period and analyzed. Quality of life indicators were measured by the SF-36 standard version 7–10 days prior to surgery and on days 7-10 of the postoperative period. Adherence to drug and non-drug therapy was assessed during the 6-month follow-up.Results. There was a significantly lower incidence of postoperative complications during the in-hospital period in patients undergoing prehabilitation program with supervised high-intensity exercise training, compared with patients without any exercise training (p = 0.002). Group 1 patients had reliably better mental health (MH) scores compared with Group 2 patients (48.9±7.60 vs. 39.1±6.80 scores, respectively; p = 0.03) on days 7–10 after CABG. Six months after the CABG, patients who underwent prehabilitation exercise training were less likely to resume smoking than patients without any exercise training (p = 0.04). The tendency towards improved adherence to drug therapy and compensation in arterial hypertension has been determined among Group 1 patients.Conclusion. Exercise training included in the prehabilitation program proved to be safe and effective in terms of improved clinical outcomes after CABG, quality of life and adherence to treatment in this group of patients.Цель. Оценить клиническую эффективность включения физических тренировок высокой интенсивности в программу преабилитации пациентов перед коронарным шунтированием (КШ).Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 38 пациентов мужского пола перед КШ в условиях искусственного кровообращения. После оценки критериев включения и исключения пациенты были рандомизированы на две группы: группа 1 (n = 20) с включением контролируемых тренировок на тредмиле и группа 2 (n = 18) без включения физических тренировок. Тренировки проводились под контролем параметров гемодинамики и мониторированием электрокардиограммы ежедневно в течение 7 дней. Интенсивность нагрузки определялась по показателям кардиопульмонального нагрузочного теста и составляла 80% от максимального потребления кислорода. Анализ послеоперационных осложнений проводился в госпитальном периоде, оценка показателей качества жизни выполнялась с помощью стандартного опросника SF-36 за 7–10 суток до операции и в послеоперационном периоде на 7–10-е сутки. Параметры приверженности к медикаментозной и немедикаментозной терапии оценивались в течение 6 месяцев после операции.Результаты. В группе пациентов с включением контролируемых физических тренировок высокой интенсивности в программу преабилитации отмечена значимо более низкая частота развития послеоперационных осложнений в госпитальном периоде по сравнению с пациентами без использования физических тренировок (р = 0,002). Пациенты группы физических тренировок перед операцией имели значимо лучшие значения при оценке психологического компонента здоровья (MH) по сравнению с группой без использования физических тренировок (48,9±7,60 и 39,1±6,80 баллов соответственно; р = 0,03) на 7–10 сутки после КШ. Через 6 месяцев после операции среди пациентов с активной программой преабилитации достоверно реже встречались курильщики по сравнению с пациентами без тренировок (р = 0,04), а также отмечалась тенденция к улучшению приверженности к медикаментозной терапии и достижению компенсации артериальной гипертензии.Заключение. Продемонстрирована безопасность и эффективность включения физических тренировок в программу преабилитации с позиции улучшения клинических исходов КШ, а также повышения показателей качества жизни и приверженности к лечению данной категории пациентов

Isolated Case of Bioterrorism-related Inhalational Anthrax, New York City, 2001

On October 31, 2001, in New York City, a 61-year-old female hospital employee who had acquired inhalational anthrax died after a 6-day illness. To determine sources of exposure and identify additional persons at risk, the New York City Department of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and law enforcement authorities conducted an extensive investigation, which included interviewing contacts, examining personal effects, summarizing patient’s use of mass transit, conducting active case finding and surveillance near her residence and at her workplace, and collecting samples from co-workers and the environment. We cultured all specimens for Bacillus anthracis. We found no additional cases of cutaneous or inhalational anthrax. The route of exposure remains unknown. All environmental samples were negative for B. anthracis. This first case of inhalational anthrax during the 2001 outbreak with no apparent direct link to contaminated mail emphasizes the need for close coordination between public health and law enforcement agencies during bioterrorism-related investigations

Динамика маркеров повреждения миокарда в периоперационном периоде коронарного шунтирования в зависимости от программы преабилитации

Aim. To evaluate the morphological and functional cardiac parameters and to measure markers of myocardial injury in the perioperative period of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), depending on the prehabilitation program.Methods. 60 male patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent screening in the preoperative period and were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (n = 30) underwent supervised treadmill exercises at intensity corresponding to 80% of VO2 peak during the preoperative management. Group 2 (n = 30) patients did not undergo any additional trainings. Patients underwent a standard echocardiographic (ECHO-CG) study in the preoperative period and at days 5-7 after CABG. Serum markers of myocardial injury (troponin I, NT-proBNP) were measured in both groups of patients in the preoperative period before training (measurement 1), at the end of exercise training sessions (measurement 2) and at days 5-7 (measurement 3) after CABG.Results. ECHO-CG findings reported that left ventricular end-systolic dimension (p = 0.039) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (p = 0.039) increased by 8.5% and 18% in patients who underwent supervised exercise trainings as compared to the baseline values. An increase in these parameters was more pronounced in the control group (17% (p = 0.00029) and 41% (p = 0.00028), respectively). NT-proBNP levels showed a downward trend in patients with prehabilitation at the end of the training sessions, while in the control group NT-proBNP levels increased. An increase in NT-proBNP levels was reliable in patients without exercise trainings (p = 0.003) after CABG compared to the preoperative values, while NT-proBNP levels did not differ significantly in patients who underwent prehabilitation (p>0.05).Conclusion. The safety of high-intensity exercise trainings in the prehabilitation program for CABG had been confirmed by laboratory markers of myocardial damage. The obtained data proved the efficiency of active prehabilitation for optimizing echocardiographic parameters and inducing cardioprotection.Цель. Оценить динамику морфофункциональных параметров и маркеров повреждения миокарда в периоперационном периоде коронарного шунтирования (КШ) в зависимости от выбранной программы преабилитации.Материалы и методы               . 60 пациентов мужского пола со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) перед выполнением КШ в условиях искусственного кровообращения (ИК) после оценки критериев включения и исключения были рандомизированы на две группы: в группе 1 (n = 30) на фоне стандартной предоперационной подготовки был проведен курс тренировок на тредмиле, интенсивностью 80% от пикового потребления кислорода; в группе 2 (n = 30) тренировки не проводились. Оценка параметров эхокардиографии (ЭхоКГ) выполнялась в предоперационном периоде и на 5-7 сутки после КШ. Количественная оценка концентрации и динамики маркеров повреждения миокарда (тропонин I, NT-proBNP) в сыворотке крови выполнялась в предоперационном периоде до начала тренировок (1-я точка), после окончания курса (2-я точка) и в послеоперационном периоде на 5-7 сутки (3-я точка) пациентам обеих групп.Результаты. Анализ динамики параметров ЭхоКГ показал, что в группе пациентов с включением тренировок в программу преабилитации после операции увеличились показатели конечного систолического размера (КСР ЛЖ) (р = 0,039) и конечного систолического объема левого желудочка (КСО ЛЖ) (р = 0,039) по сравнению с дооперационными на 8,5% и 18% соответственно, при этом в группе контроля увеличение этих показателей оказалось более выраженным: на 17% (р = 0,00029) и 41% (р = 0,00028) соответственно. Оценка концентрации NT-proBNP показала тенденцию к снижению данного маркера у пациентов с преабилитацией после окончания курса тренировок, в то время как в группе контроля отмечалось его повышение. В послеоперационном периоде КШ отмечена значимая динамика нарастания концентрации NT-proBNP у пациентов без использования физических тренировок (р = 0,003) по сравнению с дооперационной, в то время как в группе с тренировками эта динамика оказалась статистически незначимой (р>0,05).Заключение. Продемонстрирована безопасность включения физических тренировок высокой интенсивности в программу преабилитации при КШ, подтвержденная динамикой лабораторных маркеров повреждения миокарда. Полученные данные свидетельствуют в пользу активной преабилитации с позиции оптимизации эхокардиографических параметров, а также возможной активации механизмов кардиопротекции на фоне выполнения физических тренировок

Species Tree Estimation for the Late Blight Pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and Close Relatives

To better understand the evolutionary history of a group of organisms, an accurate estimate of the species phylogeny must be known. Traditionally, gene trees have served as a proxy for the species tree, although it was acknowledged early on that these trees represented different evolutionary processes. Discordances among gene trees and between the gene trees and the species tree are also expected in closely related species that have rapidly diverged, due to processes such as the incomplete sorting of ancestral polymorphisms. Recently, methods have been developed for the explicit estimation of species trees, using information from multilocus gene trees while accommodating heterogeneity among them. Here we have used three distinct approaches to estimate the species tree for five Phytophthora pathogens, including P. infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease in potato and tomato. Our concatenation-based “supergene” approach was unable to resolve relationships even with data from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and from multiple isolates per species. Our multispecies coalescent approach using both Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods was able to estimate a moderately supported species tree showing a close relationship among P. infestans, P. andina, and P. ipomoeae. The topology of the species tree was also identical to the dominant phylogenetic history estimated in our third approach, Bayesian concordance analysis. Our results support previous suggestions that P. andina is a hybrid species, with P. infestans representing one parental lineage. The other parental lineage is not known, but represents an independent evolutionary lineage more closely related to P. ipomoeae. While all five species likely originated in the New World, further study is needed to determine when and under what conditions this hybridization event may have occurred

The severity of pandemic H1N1 influenza in the United States, from April to July 2009: A Bayesian analysis

Background: Accurate measures of the severity of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza (pH1N1) are needed to assess the likely impact of an anticipated resurgence in the autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Severity has been difficult to measure because jurisdictions with large numbers of deaths and other severe outcomes have had too many cases to assess the total number with confidence. Also, detection of severe cases may be more likely, resulting in overestimation of the severity of an average case. We sought to estimate the probabilities that symptomatic infection would lead to hospitalization, ICU admission, and death by combining data from multiple sources. Methods and Findings: We used complementary data from two US cities: Milwaukee attempted to identify cases of medically attended infection whether or not they required hospitalization, while New York City focused on the identification of hospitalizations, intensive care admission or mechanical ventilation (hereafter, ICU), and deaths. New York data were used to estimate numerators for ICU and death, and two sources of data - medically attended cases in Milwaukee or self-reported influenza-like illness (ILI) in New York - were used to estimate ratios of symptomatic cases to hospitalizations. Combining these data with estimates of the fraction detected for each level of severity, we estimated the proportion of symptomatic patients who died (symptomatic case-fatality ratio, sCFR), required ICU (sCIR), and required hospitalization (sCHR), overall and by age category. Evidence, prior information, and associated uncertainty were analyzed in a Bayesian evidence synthesis framework. Using medically attended cases and estimates of the proportion of symptomatic cases medically attended, we estimated an sCFR of 0.048% (95% credible interval [CI] 0.026%-0.096%), sCIR of 0.239% (0.134%-0.458%), and sCHR of 1.44% (0.83%-2.64%). Using self-reported ILI, we obtained estimates approximately 7-96lower. sCFR and sCIR appear to be highest in persons aged 18 y and older, and lowest in children aged 5-17 y. sCHR appears to be lowest in persons aged 5-17; our data were too sparse to allow us to determine the group in which it was the highest. Conclusions: These estimates suggest that an autumn-winter pandemic wave of pH1N1 with comparable severity per case could lead to a number of deaths in the range from considerably below that associated with seasonal influenza to slightly higher, but with the greatest impact in children aged 0-4 and adults 18-64. These estimates of impact depend on assumptions about total incidence of infection and would be larger if incidence of symptomatic infection were higher or shifted toward adults, if viral virulence increased, or if suboptimal treatment resulted from stress on the health care system; numbers would decrease if the total proportion of the population symptomatically infected were lower than assumed.published_or_final_versio