Effect of Rubber Tire Chips-Sand Mixtures on Performance of Geosynthetic Reinforced Earth Walls

In recent years, lots of environmental problems have been created due to the advancement of technology and increasing the use of rubber material throughout the world as well as the lack of a correct and fundamental solution to rubber burial, recycling, and optimum use of it. In this paper, the performance of reinforced earth wall with geogrid and different percentages of crumb rubber–sand, as lightweight materials, have been evaluated and analyzed. In this regard, 20 types of embankment, formed by 4 layers of different material with a height of 2.5meters, have been used. The results indicate that the mixture, with the ratio of 30:70 by weight or 50:50 by volume under the condition of applying surcharge load or even without it, was found to be the most suitable filler material compared to the other mixing ratios

Effect of oral tizanidine on prolongation of intrathecal lidocaine

Objective: In order to prolong the duration of intrathecal lidocaine, various drugs are used along with it. Due to the promising effects of tizanidine on central nervous system, it can be assumed that tizanidine can have a positive effect on increasing the anesthesia duration too. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of oral tizanidine on the duration of lidocaine spinal anesthesia. Methods: This double blind clinical trial was conducted on 40 male patients waiting for elective leg surgery with the age range of 20-60 years in one of the educational hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. We used simple random sampling and our participants were assigned into 2 groups (placebo and oral tizanidine receivers). Spinal anesthesia with 1 mg/kg of hyperbaric lidocaine 5% was performed in both groups. In tizanidine group, patients received 4 mg of oral tizanidine one hour before spinal anesthesia. Sensory block was examined by pin prick test and all anesthetic duration including start block until reduction of sensory level was calculated at 2 lower dermatomes. Results: Findings showed that oral tizanidine compared to placebo can cause a 10-15 minute increase in patients’ lidocaine spinal anesthesia. Therefore, the average anesthesia time for tizanidine group increased meaningfully (P= 0.03). In addition, tizanidine can sedate patients during surgery (P= 0.00) or in recovery (P= 0.003). Conclusion: Based on the results, tizanidine increased the duration of lidocaine so oral tizanidine can be used to prolong the duration of lidocaine spinal anesthesia. Keywords: Tizanidine, Intrathecal lidocaine, Spinal anesthesi

Risk Factors for Giant Retinal Tears

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors associated with giant retinal tears. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on medical records of 150 patients who had undergone retinal detachment surgery. Age, sex, history of trauma, lens status (phakic, pseudophakic, or aphakic), and high myopia were evaluated in association with giant retinal tears. Results: Of 150 patients with retinal detachments, 99 subjects (66%) were older than 30 years while 51 (34%) were 30 years of age or younger. Overall, 26 (17.3%) patients had giant retinal tears. Controlling for all variables, only age had a significant correlation with giant retinal tears. Each year of advancing age was associated with a 6% decrease in the incidence of giant retinal tears. Conclusion: Young age is a significant risk factor for development of giant retinal tears

Oxidative effects of long-term onion (Allium cepa) feeding on goat erythrocytes

Toxic compounds such as disulfides of onions cause oxidative-induced haemolysis in several animal species. In order to study the outcomes of long-term onion consumption on some oxidative haemolysis markers, 12 adult female goats were allocated to three groups, receiving 0 (served as control), 30 (dry matter basis) and 60 spring-grown onion for 60 days. Blood samples were obtained before feeding the onion and every 10 days up to 80 days for measuring malonyldialdehyde (MDA), methaemoglobin (MetHb), mean corpuscular fragility (MCF), serum-free haemoglobin and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and for evaluating their relation to packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. PCV and Hb concentrations reduced, however, remained within reference ranges in onion-fed goats. MetHb showed a significant negative correlation with both PCV and Hb (P < 0. 05) in onion-fed goats and a significant positive correlation with MCF and serum-free haemoglobin in goats receiving 30 onion. MetHb showed a significant positive correlation with MCF in goats fed with 60 onion. MDA showed a positive correlation with LDH and serum-free haemoglobin concentrations. These results suggest a role for oxidative damage in destructing red cells in goats feeding onions. However, it seems that up to 60 onions in diet can be consumed by goats without noticeable clinical anaemia. © 2011 Springer-Verlag London Limited

Factors affecting entrepreneurial attitudes of MA students in Islamic Azad University (Babol Branch)

In this field study cluster sampling was used to select graduate students as the population of study from the university. To test the hypotheses, the data were entered into SPSS software, and variables were measured using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (K–S test) and one sample t-test. Results of the K–S test showed that the variables are normal. And according to the obtained results from the t-test, all variables are identified as factors affecting entrepreneurial attitudes of students with Master of Arts degree (MA) in Islamic Azad University Babol Branch. It means that research's hypothesis (H1) is accepted and null hypothesis (H0) is rejected

Provide a Model for Improving Work Safety Value Using Fuzzy Performance Indicators: A Case Study of Small Scale Power Plant

Today, occupational accidents, like one of the substantial agents in the damage of efficient human resources, money and time, are considered a menace to the extension and improvement of each state. These accidents have a massive stroke on the productivity of the laborer of different industries and eventually in the economy of society. The purpose of this study is to provide a model to improve safety value, according to productivity indicators in manufacturing industries. In most studies, the cost of each damage has often been used for the calculation of the safety-related costs in the workplace, and this important issue is still neglected despite the high impact of job productivity loss due to occupational accidents. hence, on the present etude, the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method has been used to present a model to improve the safety value according to the proposed solutions. The results showed that among the studied criteria, capital productivity had the most impact and holding classes and training courses for the workforce, according to the studied criteria was identified as the most appropriate solution to improve the value of safet

Factors affecting entrepreneurial attitudes of MA students in Islamic Azad University (Babol Branch)

In this field study cluster sampling was used to select graduate students as the population of study from the university. To test the hypotheses, the data were entered into SPSS software, and variables were measured using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (K–S test) and one sample t-test. Results of the K–S test showed that the variables are normal. And according to the obtained results from the t-test, all variables are identified as factors affecting entrepreneurial attitudes of students with Master of Arts degree (MA) in Islamic Azad University Babol Branch. It means that research's hypothesis (H1) is accepted and null hypothesis (H0) is rejected

Factors affecting entrepreneurial attitudes of MA students in Islamic Azad University (Babol Branch)

In this field study cluster sampling was used to select graduate students as the population of study from the university. To test the hypotheses, the data were entered into SPSS software, and variables were measured using Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (K–S test) and one sample t-test. Results of the K–S test showed that the variables are normal. And according to the obtained results from the t-test, all variables are identified as factors affecting entrepreneurial attitudes of students with Master of Arts degree (MA) in Islamic Azad University Babol Branch. It means that research's hypothesis (H1) is accepted and null hypothesis (H0) is rejected

P53 gene codon 72 polymorphism in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma in the population of northern Iran

Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer of the oral cavity, and several etiologic factors are involved in its development. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the P 53 gene codon 72 ( P 53c72) changes the structure of the protein and affects its activity. The prevalence of P 53c72 different genotypes, which seems to vary with race and geographic location, has shown a strong correlation with many types of human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between P 53c72 polymorphism and risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the heavily populated Gilan Province in northern Iran. Design of S tudy: This case-control study was done on 55 paraffin-embedded samples from OSCC patients and 100 samples of non-dysplastic oral cavity lesions. The P 53c72 genotypes were determined using the ARMS-PCR method. SPSS-15 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were no significant statistical differences found between the prevalence of different P 53c72 genotypes in the OSCC group vs. the control. However, the Pro/Pro genotype in OSCC samples showed a strong correlation with age, as 70% of such patients were below 50 years old. Interestingly, a large portion (40%) of the patients with the Pro/Pro genotype had the tumor in the lip area. Conclusions: Although P 53c72 polymorphism does not appear to be a predisposing factor for OSCC in the population of Northern Iran, the Pro/Pro genotype could be considered as a risk factor for OSCC in adults below 50 years old and the anatomical location of the tumor