Cost and carbon implications of different foundation solutions - Desk study of foundation design for a bridge and a building in Norway

The choice of method and materials for pile foundations in Norway often builds on the experience of the involved parties and a preference of solutions with fewer, high-capacity piles compared to more, low-capacity piles. In many cases the foundations do not get optimized with regard to resource use and cost. Timber piles, which had a long tradition in the country, are now rarely used. In urban environments, where marine clays are the dominant geological surface formation, shallow building foundations on stabilized ground could be considered. Yet, piled solutions to bedrock are usually chosen due to the concerns related to settlements induced by other building projects. To investigate whether the current practice could be improved, a desk study was conducted comparing cost and carbon emissions for four different foundation solutions for a bridge foundation in sand (steel pipe piles, HP steel pile, prefabricated concrete piles and timber/concrete combination piles). For a typical building project in Norway, a direct foundation on stabilized clay was compared to the usually chosen piles to bedrock solution. It is discussed what alternatives might be feasible with respect to practicality, robustness, costs, sustainability and environmental issues. In particular, the acceptable movements in the overlying structure will determine the feasibility of more environmentally friendly solutions

Udvikling af kundeattraktivitet over for strategisk vigtige leverandører

God leverandørperformance er ikke en selvfølge. Leverandørperformance afhænger imidlertid af andet end leverandørens evne til at styre egne interne processer. Hvordan leverandører performer, afhænger i høj grad også af kundens attraktivitet. Langt de fleste leverandører foretager således en bevidst prioritering af kunders attraktivitet med udgangspunkt i kunders økonomiske, ressourcemæssige og sociale attraktivitet. Artiklen illustrerer med udgangspunkt i et netværksperspektiv, hvordan JAMO via en bevidst håndtering af sine leverandørrelationer kan prioritere og øge sin kundeattraktivitet, og illustrerer samtidig, hvordan JAMO i praksis kan arbejde med attraktivitetsbegrebet over for seks strategisk vigtige kinesiske leverandører. Attraktivitetsbegrebet har tidligere ikke været forsøgt anvendt i praksis og har overvejende været beskrevet teoretisk

Udvikling af kundeattraktivitet over for strategisk vigtige leverandører

God leverandørperformance er ikke en selvfølge. Leverandørperformance afhænger imidlertid af andet end leverandørens evne til at styre egne interne processer. Hvordan leverandører performer, afhænger i høj grad også af kundens attraktivitet. Langt de fleste leverandører foretager således en bevidst prioritering af kunders attraktivitet med udgangspunkt i kunders økonomiske, ressourcemæssige og sociale attraktivitet. Artiklen illustrerer med udgangspunkt i et netværksperspektiv, hvordan JAMO via en bevidst håndtering af sine leverandørrelationer kan prioritere og øge sin kundeattraktivitet, og illustrerer samtidig, hvordan JAMO i praksis kan arbejde med attraktivitetsbegrebet over for seks strategisk vigtige kinesiske leverandører. Attraktivitetsbegrebet har tidligere ikke været forsøgt anvendt i praksis og har overvejende været beskrevet teoretisk

The Computational 2D Materials Database: High-Throughput Modeling and Discovery of Atomically Thin Crystals

We introduce the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB), which organises a variety of structural, thermodynamic, elastic, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of around 1500 two-dimensional materials distributed over more than 30 different crystal structures. Material properties are systematically calculated by state-of-the art density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory (G$_0\!$W\!_0 and the Bethe-Salpeter Equation for $\sim$200 materials) following a semi-automated workflow for maximal consistency and transparency. The C2DB is fully open and can be browsed online or downloaded in its entirety. In this paper, we describe the workflow behind the database, present an overview of the properties and materials currently available, and explore trends and correlations in the data. Moreover, we identify a large number of new potentially synthesisable 2D materials with interesting properties targeting applications within spintronics, (opto-)electronics, and plasmonics. The C2DB offers a comprehensive and easily accessible overview of the rapidly expanding family of 2D materials and forms an ideal platform for computational modeling and design of new 2D materials and van der Waals heterostructures.Comment: Add journal reference and DOI; Minor updates to figures and wordin

Impact of an icy winter on the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793) populations in Scandinavia

The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is an invasive species that has dispersed into Scandinavia during the last few decades. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of extreme winter conditions on the mortality of the Pacific oyster in Scandinavia. The study was done by compiling mortality data from independent surveys in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Winter mortality of the oysters increased with latitude, which can be explained by the colder climate experienced at higher latitudes. Mortality was also found to be affected by site specific conditions such as water depth at the sampling sites of oyster populations. Despite the severe winter conditions of 2009/2010 causing high mortality, the Pacific oyster still exists in large numbers in Scandinavia. The present investigation indicates that extreme winter onditions may result in a temporary reduction of the density of the Pacific oyster, but that the species can be expected to continue its invasion of Scandinavian coastal areas.publishedVersio

Panel-based Assessment of Ecosystem Condition of the North Sea Shelf Ecosystem

The System for Assessment of Ecological Condition, coordinated by the Norwegian Environment Agency, is intended to form the foundation for evidence-based assessments of the ecological condition of Norwegian terrestrial and marine ecosystems not covered by the EU Water Framework Directive. The reference condition is defined as “intact ecosystems”, i.e., a condition that is largely unimpacted by modern industrial anthropogenic activities. An ecosystem in good ecological condition does not deviate substantially from this reference condition in structure, functions or productivity. This report describes the first operational assessment of the ecological condition of the marine shelf ecosystem in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea and Skagerrak. The assessment method employed is the Panel-based Assessment of Ecosystem Condition (PAEC1) and the current assessment has considered to what extent the North Sea and Skagerrak shelf ecosystem deviates from the reference condition2 by evaluating change trajectories.Panel-based Assessment of Ecosystem Condition of the North Sea Shelf EcosystempublishedVersio

Panel-based Assessment of Ecosystem Condition of the North Sea Shelf Ecosystem - Appendices

publishedVersio

Population-Based Study of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children, Greenland

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are frequent in Inuit children, in terms of incidence and severity. A cohort of 294 children <2 years of age was formed in Sisimiut, a community on the west coast of Greenland, and followed from 1996 to 1998. Data on ARI were collected during weekly visits at home and child-care centers; visits to the community health center were also recorded. The cohort had respiratory symptoms on 41.6% and fever on 4.9% of surveyed days. The incidence of upper and lower respiratory tract infections was 1.6 episodes and 0.9 episodes per 100 days at risk, respectively. Up to 65% of the episodes of ARI caused activity restriction; 40% led to contact with the health center. Compared with studies from other parts of the world, the incidence of ARI appears to be high in Inuit children