3,427 research outputs found
Graphene-plasmon polaritons: From fundamental properties to potential applications
With the unique possibilities for controlling light in nanoscale devices,
graphene plasmonics has opened new perspectives to the nanophotonics community
with potential applications in metamaterials, modulators, photodetectors, and
sensors. This paper briefly reviews the recent exciting progress in graphene
plasmonics. We begin with a general description for optical properties of
graphene, particularly focusing on the dispersion of graphene-plasmon
polaritons. The dispersion relation of graphene-plasmon polaritons of spatially
extended graphene is expressed in terms of the local response limit with
intraband contribution. With this theoretical foundation of graphene-plasmon
polaritons, we then discuss recent exciting progress, paying specific attention
to the following topics: excitation of graphene plasmon polaritons,
electron-phonon interactions in graphene on polar substrates, and tunable
graphene plasmonics with applications in modulators and sensors. Finally, we
seek to address some of the apparent challenges and promising perspectives of
graphene plasmonics.Comment: Invited minireview paper on graphene plasmon polaritons, 11 pages, 4
figure
Localized Surface Plasmons in Vibrating Graphene Nanodisks
Localized surface plasmons are confined collective oscillations of electrons
in metallic nanoparticles. When driven by light, the optical response is
dictated by geometrical parameters and the dielectric environment and plasmons
are therefore extremely important for sensing applications. Plasmons in
graphene disks have the additional benefit to be highly tunable via electrical
stimulation. Mechanical vibrations create structural deformations in ways where
the excitation of localized surface plasmons can be strongly modulated. We show
that the spectral shift in such a scenario is determined by a complex interplay
between the symmetry and shape of the modal vibrations and the plasmonic mode
pattern. Tuning confined modes of light in graphene via acoustic excitations,
paves new avenues in shaping the sensitivity of plasmonic detectors, and in the
enhancement of the interaction with optical emitters, such as molecules, for
future nanophotonic devices
Experimental demonstration of graphene plasmons working close to the near-infrared window
Due to strong mode-confinement, long propagation-distance, and unique
tunability, graphene plasmons have been widely explored in the mid-infrared and
terahertz windows. However, it remains a big challenge to push graphene
plasmons to shorter wavelengths in order to integrate graphene plasmon concepts
with existing mature technologies in the near-infrared region. We investigate
localized graphene plasmons supported by graphene nanodisks and experimentally
demonstrated graphene plasmon working at 2 {\mu}m with the aid of a fully
scalable block copolymer self-assembly method. Our results show a promising way
to promote graphene plasmons for both fundamental studies and potential
applications in the near-infrared window.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, a revised versio
A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for solving nonlocal optical response models
We propose Hybridizable Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods for solving the
frequency-domain Maxwell's equations coupled to the Nonlocal Hydrodynamic Drude
(NHD) and Generalized Nonlocal Optical Response (GNOR) models, which are
employed to describe the optical properties of nano-plasmonic scatterers and
waveguides. Brief derivations for both the NHD model and the GNOR model are
presented. The formulations of the HDG method are given, in which we introduce
two hybrid variables living only on the skeleton of the mesh. The local field
solutions are expressed in terms of the hybrid variables in each element. Two
conservativity conditions are globally enforced to make the problem solvable
and to guarantee the continuity of the tangential component of the electric
field and the normal component of the current density. Numerical results show
that the proposed HDG methods converge at optimal rate. We benchmark our
implementation and demonstrate that the HDG method has the potential to solve
complex nanophotonic problems.Comment: 21 pages, 8figure
Towards Zero-shot Learning for Automatic Phonemic Transcription
Automatic phonemic transcription tools are useful for low-resource language
documentation. However, due to the lack of training sets, only a tiny fraction
of languages have phonemic transcription tools. Fortunately, multilingual
acoustic modeling provides a solution given limited audio training data. A more
challenging problem is to build phonemic transcribers for languages with zero
training data. The difficulty of this task is that phoneme inventories often
differ between the training languages and the target language, making it
infeasible to recognize unseen phonemes. In this work, we address this problem
by adopting the idea of zero-shot learning. Our model is able to recognize
unseen phonemes in the target language without any training data. In our model,
we decompose phonemes into corresponding articulatory attributes such as vowel
and consonant. Instead of predicting phonemes directly, we first predict
distributions over articulatory attributes, and then compute phoneme
distributions with a customized acoustic model. We evaluate our model by
training it using 13 languages and testing it using 7 unseen languages. We find
that it achieves 7.7% better phoneme error rate on average over a standard
multilingual model.Comment: AAAI 202
Highly dispersive photonic band-gap-edge optofluidic biosensors
Highly dispersive photonic band-gap-edge optofluidic biosensors are studied
theoretically. We demonstrate that these structures are strongly sensitive to
the refractive index of the liquid, which is used to tune dispersion of the
photonic crystal. The upper frequency band-gap edge shifts about 1.8 nm for
dn=0.002, which is quite sensitive. Results from transmission spectra agree
well with those obtained from the band structure theory.Comment: 12 pages including 7 figure
Homogeneous optical cloak constructed with uniform layered structures
The prospect of rendering objects invisible has intrigued researchers for
centuries. Transformation optics based invisibility cloak design is now
bringing this goal from science fictions to reality and has already been
demonstrated experimentally in microwave and optical frequencies. However, the
majority of the invisibility cloaks reported so far have a spatially varying
refractive index which requires complicated design processes. Besides, the size
of the hidden object is usually small relative to that of the cloak device.
Here we report the experimental realization of a homogenous invisibility cloak
with a uniform silicon grating structure. The design strategy eliminates the
need for spatial variation of the material index, and in terms of size it
allows for a very large obstacle/cloak ratio. A broadband invisibility behavior
has been verified at near-infrared frequencies, opening up new oppotunities for
using uniform layered medium to realize invisibility at any frequency ranges,
where high-quality dielectrics are available
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