Hawkeye Ocean Color Instrument Performance Summary

Hawkeye is an ocean color instrument that is part of the SeaHawk satellite developed for SOCON, the Sustained Ocean Color Observations using Nanosatellites program funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and managed by the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNC-W). HawkEye has spectral characteristics similar to SeaWiFS, but with 8 times finer resolution and a smaller field of view more appropriate for lakes, rivers, and near-shore terrestrial environments. With a volume of only 10 X 10 X 10 cm (a CubeSat 1U), it can produce 8 bands of image data in a single pass, each with 1800 x 6000 pixels, with a resolution of 120 meters per pixel. This paper will present a short summary of instrument design, the spacecraft interface, and lessons learned during this effort. Scientists considering using linear arrays in a pushbroom mode for remote sensing will find this useful. Much of the discussion will center on optical performance, such as flat field calibration, polarization effects, stray light, out-of-band response, and exposure linearity. Images from field tests will be shown.The Hawkeye instrument is an ocean color measuring instrument designed to fly on the SeaHawk satellite developed for SOCON, the Sustained Ocean Color Observations using Nanosatellites program funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and managed by the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNC-W). The Hawkeye instrument measures ocean color in 8 spectral bands, similar to SeaWiFS, except Band 7, which is shifted to a slightly lower wavelength to avoid the oxygen absorption feature that a wider band overlapped on SeaWiFS. The instrument is approximately 1/3rd the volume of the entire satellite, which is a 3U Cubesat manufactured by Clydespace in Glasgow, Scotland. The purpose of this instrument is to ascertain the quality of ocean color data possible with such a small, inexpensive instrument and bus. The nominal orbit is 540 km, and the nominal pixel geometric instantaneous field of view (GIFOV) 120 meters on a side. Each band will produce an image 1800 x 6000 pixels in size, for a total field of view of 216 X 720 km.2) DESIGN CONCEPTThe Hawkeye instrument uses linear arrays in pushbroom mode to collect data over a two dimensional area. The instrument has 4 linear CCD arrays, the Onsemi KLI-4104, to collect the 8 bands of data. Figure 1 illustrates the optical design for two bands, sharing a single array

Prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors: where are we now?

Updated international guidelines published in 2006 have broadened the scope for the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in supporting delivery of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. G-CSF prophylaxis is now recommended when the overall risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) due to regimen and individual patient factors is ≥20%, for supporting dose-dense and dose-intense chemotherapy and to help maintain dose density where dose reductions have been shown to compromise outcomes. Indeed, there is now a large body of evidence for the efficacy of G-CSFs in supporting dose-dense chemotherapy. Predictive tools that can help target those patients who are most at risk of FN are now becoming available. Recent analyses have shown that, by reducing the risk of FN and chemotherapy dose delays and reductions, G-CSF prophylaxis can potentially enhance survival benefits in patients receiving chemotherapy in curative settings. Accumulating data from ‘real-world’ clinical practice settings indicate that patients often receive abbreviated courses of daily G-CSF and consequently obtain a reduced level of FN protection. A single dose of PEGylated G-CSF (pegfilgrastim) may provide a more effective, as well as a more convenient, alternative to daily G-CSF. Prospective studies are needed to validate the importance of delivering the full dose intensity of standard chemotherapy regimens, with G-CSF support where appropriate, across a range of settings. These studies should also incorporate prospective evaluation of risk stratification for neutropenia and its complications

Porn in prison

More than two million Americans are currently serving time in prison, and the majority of them are men. Jail can be a lonely place, so where can a repressed convict turn for release of a different kind? How about pornography

The Design of writing: 29 observations

© John Potts 2014. All rights reserved. In their essay, Millard and Munt explore hybrid or multimodal writing forms. This includes writing that incorporates visual images or sound and image into textual design. Millard and Munt take 'text' at its literal meaning of weaving, and describe the many innovative modes and techniques with which hybrid writing has developed

Brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). III. The unusual locus coeruleus complex

Here, we used a range of immunohistochemical stains, focussing on tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase, to show that within the pons of tree pangolins clusters of noradrenergic neurons are present. No noradrenergic neurons were observed in the pontine periventricular gray matter (A6 and A4 groups missing), with all noradrenergic neurons being found within the pontine tegmentum (A7 and A5 groups). The tree pangolin is unique in lacking the locus coeruleus (A6) cell group observed in all vertebrates previously studied; however, noradrenergic axons and terminal networks were found throughout the cerebral cortex. We propose this is achieved through a unique structural reorganization of this system. First, the number of noradrenergic neurons in the compact portion of the subcoeruleus (A7sc) of the tree pangolin is increased, providing a total number of noradrenergic neurons in the pontine tegmentum (A7diffuse, A7sc, A5) that is equivalent to the entire locus coeruleus complex in related species of similar brain mass. Second, the most medially located noradrenergic neurons of the A7sc have dendrites that extend into the ventrolateral periventricular gray matter, in the location where the A6 neurons should have been located, forming a “pseudo A6” region. Third, the topological relationships of this “pseudo A6” region to other neurochemical systems that interact with the A6 neurons, such as the orexinergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic systems, appear to be maintained. Thus, a unique structural plasticity of this region appears to maintain the standard functions of the locus coeruleus complex in this unusual mammalian species