Analisis Potensi Pajak Rumah Kost Di Kota Tomohon

Salah satu sumber penerimaan dalam Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) adalah pajak daerah. Pajak rumah kost merupakan bagian dari kategori pajak hotel yang memiliki potensi yang sangat menjanjikan dalam peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah Kota Tomohon. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui besar potensi, efektifitas, dan kontribusi pajak rumah kost di kota Tomohon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dengan populasi dan sampelnya adalah pemilik USAha rumah kost yang menyediakan jumlah kamar lebih dari 10 kamar dan seluruh data sumber pendapatan daerah dan pajak daerah khususnya pajak atas USAha rumah kost. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan peneliti, potensi pajak kost yang dimiliki oleh Kota Tomohon sebesar Rp. Rp31.072.523 per tahun (hanya wajib pajak terdaftar). Tingkat efektivitas penerimaan pajak kost di kota Tomohon dinilai tidak efektif dan kontribusi pajak kost selama tiga tahun terakhir ini dinilai sangat kurang. Beberapa faktor internal seperti kurangnya sosialisasi dan ketegasan dari pihak pemerintah untuk mengontrol, mensosialisakan tentang pentingnya mendaftarkan diri sebagai wajib pajak USAha rumah kost, dan mendisiplinkan setiap wajib pajak yang malas membayar pajak, serta faktor eksternal seperti kurangnya kesadaran dari wajib pajak untuk mendaftarkan diri sebagai wajib pajak terdaftar, membuat penerimaan Pajak Kost di Kota Tomohon tidak mencapai target

Alternanthera paronychioides A. St.-Hil. subsp. chacoënsis (Morong ex Morong & Britton) Pedersen

Central ParaguaypublishedVersio

Chomelia morongii Britton

Río PilcomayopublishedVersio

Phyllanthus chacoensis Morong

Central ParaguaypublishedVersio

Absorption Line Survey of H3+ toward the Galactic Center Sources II. Eight Infrared Sources within 30 pc of the Galactic Center

Infrared absorption lines of H3+, including the metastable R(3,3)l line, have been observed toward eight bright infrared sources associated with hot and massive stars located in and between the Galactic Center Cluster and the Quintuplet Cluster 30 pc to the east. The absorption lines with high velocity dispersion arise in the Galaxy's Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) as well as in foreground spiral arms. The temperature and density of the gas in the CMZ, as determined from the relative strengths of the H3+ lines, are T=200-300K and n=50-200cm^-3. The detection of high column densities of H3+ toward all eight stars implies that this warm and diffuse gaseous environment is widespread in the CMZ. The products of the ionization rate and path length for these sight lines are 1000 and 10 times higher than in dense and diffuse clouds in the Galactic disk, respectively, indicating that the ionization rate, zeta, is not less than 10^-15 s^-1 and that L is at least on the order of 50 pc. The warm and diffuse gas is an important component of the CMZ, in addition to the three previously known gaseous environments: (1) cold molecular clouds observed by radio emission of CO and other molecules, (2) hot (T=10^4-10^6K) and highly ionized diffuse gas (n_e=10-100cm^-3) seen in radio recombination lines, far infrared atomic lines, and radio-wave scattering, and (3) ultra-hot (T=10^7-10^8K) X-ray emitting plasma. Its prevalence significantly changes the understanding of the environment of the CMZ. The sight line toward GC IRS 3 is unique in showing an additional H3+ absorption component, which is interpreted as due to either a cloud associated with circumnuclear disk or the "50 km s^-1 cloud" known from radio observations. An infrared pumping scheme is examined as a mechanism to populate the (3,3) metastable level in this cloud.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). METHODS/DESIGN: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH2O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure 6430 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. DISCUSSION: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration metho

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Prospodium pithecoctenii

Fung

HIGH-RESOLUTION NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF DEUTERATED CH2+_2^+

Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Department of Astronomy $\&$ Astrophysics,; and the Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637Recent observations of highly deuterated molecules such as ND$_3$ and D$_2$CO in prestellar cores and their explanation as due to the extraordinarily high deuterium fractionation of H$_3^+$ to H$_2$D$^+$, HD$_2^+$ and D$_3^+$,} \textbf{591}, L41 (2003).} have revealed the importance of observing other deuterated variants of fundamental molecular ions that also play pivotal roles in interstellar chemistry. We have launched an infrared project to study such ions systematically in order to provide their approximate rotational constants for millimeter wave spectroscopists. \vspace{2ex} We are presenting our work on the near-infrared spectroscopy of CHD$^+$ and CD$_2^+$. While our search for interstellar CH$_2^+$ based on our infrared} \textbf{153}, 738 (1992).} and near-infrared} \textbf{121}, 11527 (2004).} laboratory spectra has not been successful due to its extremely high reactivity, its detection in the future is expected in diffuse clouds since it is the intermediate between the abundant CH$^+$ and yet to be observed but very important CH$_3^+$. CH$_2^+$ and its deuterated species are also of special interest for theoretical study because of their unique intramolecular dynamics, i.e., the Renner-Teller interaction and quasi-linearity. \vspace{2ex} Using He-dominated liquid-N$_2$ cooled plasmas ($\sim$10 Torr) containing a small amount ($\sim$0.1 Torr) of CH$_4$, CH$_2$D$_2$, CD$_4$ and their mixtures, we are searching for the spectra of CD$_2^+$ and CHD$^+$ in the near-infrared from 10,500 cm$^{-1}$ to 12,500 cm$^{-1}$ with our Ti:sapphire laser spectrometer that combines velocity modulation and phase modulation with heterodyne detection for near shot-noise-limited sensitivity. Our search is based on the \textit{ab initio} calculation by Bunker, Jensen and colleagues} \textbf{225}, 33 (1997).} which predicts the $\tilde{A}(0,5,0)^1$ and $\tilde{A}(0,4,0)^1 \leftarrow \tilde{X}(0,0,0)^0$ bands of CD$_2^+$, and the $\tilde{A}(0,4,0)^1 \leftarrow \tilde{X}(0,0,0)^0$ band of CHD$^+$ as the most intense in the region