Trp64Arg Polymorphism in Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene Is Associated with Decreased Fat Oxidation Both in Resting and Aerobic Exercise in the Japanese Male

The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the Trp64Arg polymorphism in β3-AR gene and the −3826A/G polymorphism in the UCP1 gene were associated with the reduction in energy expenditure and fat oxidation both in resting and aerobic exercise in Japanese. Eighty-six nonobese young healthy Japanese were recruited. Energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry. The subjects performed an aerobic exercise program at 60% of their maximal heart rate for 30 minutes. The level of fat oxidation at rest and aerobic exercise of the male subjects with Trp/Arg of the β3-AR gene was significantly lower than that of the Trp/Trp genotype. No difference in FO0−30 was observed in the female subjects. There was no association between UCP-1 polymorphism and energy expenditure during aerobic exercise. It was revealed that the Trp64Arg polymorphism in β3-AR gene is associated with reduction of fat oxidation both in resting and aerobic exercise in healthy, young Japanese males

Aspectos radiográficos das glândulas salivares maiores na sialografia

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos radiográficos das glândulas salivares maiores na sialografia e seu grau de inflamação com as características individuais dos pacientes. Métodos: Trinta imagens radiográficas de ambas as glândulas parótidas e submandibulares de 25 pacientes submetidos a exames de sialografia foram analisadas retrospectivamente. O teste qui-quadrado foi realizado para correlacionar o grau de inflamação de cada área das glândulas salivares com as variáveis categóricas: sexo, tipo e lado da glândula afetada. A correlação de Pearson foi realizada para correlacionar o grau de inflamação entre o ducto principal e o ducto intraglandular e o parênquima. Resultados: Não houve relação estatisticamente significante entre o grau de inflamação de nenhuma das partes das glândulas salivares e as variáveis categóricas no teste qui-quadrado (p>0,05). O grau de inflamação no ducto principal teve uma fraca correlação com o grau de inflamação no ducto intraglandular (p<0,05). Conclusões: As glândulas salivares afetadas por obstrução ou inflamação não estão significativamente relacionadas ao sexo dos pacientes e nem ao tipo ou lado da glândula afetada. O exame de sialografia demonstrou a delicada anatomia do sistema ductal e permitiu uma visualização precisa dos sialólitos e estenoses, que são duas das causas mais comuns de obstrução, mostrando seu importante papel na avaliação do estado das glândulas salivares.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic aspects of the major salivary glands in sialography and their grade of inflammation with patients’ individual characteristics. Methods: A total of 30 radiographic images of both parotid and submandibular glands from 25 patients, who underwent sialography examinations, were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-squared test was performed to correlate the grade of inflammation of each area of the salivary glands with the categorical variables: sex, type and side of the affected gland. Pearson correlation was performed to correlate the grade of inflammation between the main duct and the intraglandular duct and the parenchyma. Results: There was no statistically significant relationship between the grade of inflammation of any of the parts of the salivary glands and the categorical variables in the Chi-squared test (p>0.05). The grade of inflammation in the main duct had a weak correlation with the degree of inflammation in the intraglandular duct (p<0.05). Conclusions: Salivary glands affected by obstruction or inflammation are not significantly related to the sex of patients, not to the type or side of the affected gland. The , but sialography examination demonstrated the delicate anatomy of the ductal system and allowed an accurate visualization of sialoliths and strictures that are two of the most common causes of obstruction, showing its important role in the assessment of salivary gland status

The association between the thrifty genotype and energy expenditure during aerobic exercise in healthy males and females

The number of patients with diabetes is notably increasing in Japan. The thrifty genotype characteristics provide an explanation for this very high prevalence of diabetes. Especially, the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) gene is relatively common in Japanese people. Aerobic exercise is one of the major strategies for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. The present study investigated whether the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the β3-AR gene is associated with a reduction in energy expenditure in aerobic exercise. Eighty-six non-obese healthy young people were recruited. Energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry. The subjects performed an aerobic exercise program at 60% of their maximal heart rate for 30 minutes. The level of fat oxidation during aerobic exercise by male subjects with the Trp/Arg of the β3-AR gene was significantly lower than that by those with the Trp/Trp genotype. There was no difference observed in female subjects. It was demonstrated that the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the β3-AR gene is associated with the reduction of fat oxidation during aerobic exercise in healthy young males

Interaction Rating Scale (IRS) as an Evidence-Based Practical Index of Children’s Social Skills and Parenting

Background: The purpose of this paper is to describe the features of the Interaction Rating Scale (IRS) as an evidence-based practical index of children’s social skills and parenting.Methods: The participants in our study, which was conducted as part of a Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) project, were 370 dyads of children (aged 18, 30, and 42 month) and 81 dyads of 7-year-old children with their caregivers. The participants completed the five minute interaction session and were observed using the IRS.Results: The results indicated that the IRS can measure children’s social skill development and parenting with high validity. Along with the discriminate validity for pervasive development disorder (PDD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), abuse and maltreatment, a high correlation with the SDQ (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire), and high reliability, the IRS is effective in describing features of social skill development.Conclusions: The IRS provides further evidence of the fact that in order to study children’s social skill development, it is important to evaluate various features of the caregiver-child interaction as a predictor of social skills

三重県における地域別食生活実態の公衆栄養学的考察 : 第14報 昭和58年,三重県下鈴鹿市庄野小学校および大山田村東小学校学童の栄養摂取状態とその家族とのまどい状況(自然科学編)

三重県における学童期栄養のあり方と栄養指導の方法を探る目的で,第1報～第5報(1978～1982)にひきつづき,前回と同じ鈴鹿市庄野小学校および阿山郡大山田村東小学校学童を対象とし,その家庭食事(朝・夕食および間食)における栄養摂取状況およびその家族とののまどい状況について調査した。(1)家庭食事における栄養摂取状態については,庄野小ではカルシウムおよびビタミンAが,東小ではビタミンB_2が標準量のそれよりも有意に下回り,不足勝ちであることが注目された。(2)脂肪エネルギー比,P/S比およびコレステロール摂取量については,平均値としては問題はないが,個人別では不適正な学童の存在は否定しえなかった。(3)食塩の摂取量については両校との間に有意差がみとめられたが,両校ともその摂取量はかなりの摂取過剰で適正であるとはいえなかった。(4)食品群別摂取量においては,その目標量を著しく下回っていた食品群は,庄野小では乳類および緑黄色野菜類であり,東小では乳類,緑黄色野菜および油脂類が目立った。(5)家族そろって食べないと答えた学童については庄野小では朝食15.8%,夕食31.6%,東小では朝食37.5%,夕食43.8%も存在した。The purpose of this investigation is to make a search for nutritive conditions of schoolchildren and means for their nutritive guidance in Mie prefecture. In succession to the previous reports (Nos.1-5) in 1978-1982, schoolchildren of the same, Shono elementary school in Suzuka City and Higashi elementary school in Oyamada-mura, Ayama-gun, were investigated for their nutritive conditions and the situation of their family circle at table ( breakfast, supper and snack). (1) In terms of nutritive conditions, calcium and vitamin A and vitamin B_2 intakes were significantly inferior to the standards for the Shono elementary schoolchildren and for the Higashi elementary schoolchildren, respectively. (2) Mean values of proportion of fat-energy, P/S ratio, and cholesterol intake had no particular problems, however, some schoolchildren were ill-fed. (3) Salt intake was more than enough for both elementary schoolchildren, and there was a significant difference between both. (4) Intakes of milk, eggs, soybeans, and green vegetables did not satisfy the target values for both schoolchildren. Only Higashi elementary schoolchildren showed a prominent shortage of fats and fruits intakes. (5) For Shono elementary school, 15.8% and 31.6% of the children answered that they did not take their respective breakfast and supper, with all their family, as compared with 37.5% and 43.8%, respectively, for Higashi elementary school