416 research outputs found
Relative information entropy and Weyl curvature of the inhomogeneous Universe
Penrose conjectured a connection between entropy and Weyl curvature of the
Universe. This is plausible, as the almost homogeneous and isotropic Universe
at the onset of structure formation has negligible Weyl curvature, which then
grows (relative to the Ricci curvature) due to the formation of large-scale
structure and thus reminds us of the second law of thermodynamics. We study two
scalar measures to quantify the deviations from a homogeneous and isotropic
space-time, the relative information entropy and a Weyl tensor invariant, and
show their relation to the averaging problem. We calculate these two quantities
up to second order in standard cosmological perturbation theory and find that
they are correlated and can be linked via the kinematic backreaction of a
spatially averaged universe model.Comment: 8 pages, matches the published version in Physical Review
Some studies of dielectric relaxation
A general correlation function is firstly reviewed in line
with Kubo's formulation (Chap. 1, (a)), and dielectric relaxation
processes together with some fundamental properties are
considered with the help of the function (Chap. 1, (b)). The
Introduction of Hoffmann's site model enables us to calculate a
dielectric correlation function. This technique is applied to
the dielectric relaxation of some molecules, (Chap. 1 (c)).
Discussion with respect to the calculation of the molecular
dipole moment for a molecule which contains two equivalent
rotational groups is made (Chap. 2, (a)). The results are applied
to two convenient models, i.e., a free rotation model and a model
called "free oscillation" which is proposed in this thesis. The
latter model is employed for the cases of o-haloanisole and
o-halothioanisole,
Experimental dielectric constant and loss data were analyzed
by the Cole-Cole equation as well as Budo's equation (Chap. 3).
Rotation of the methoxy group in dimethoxy compounds was
examined by relaxation time and dipole moment. The mean relaxation
time for o-dimethoxybenzene is found to be short. (Chap. 4).
The variation of the relaxation time of the methoxy group
of anisole is considered theoretically (Chap. 4, (c)).
Mesomeric and double internal rotation mechanisms concerning
the anomalously short relaxation time of diphenyl ether are
discussed. Correlation function treatments are made based on the former mechanism.( Chap. 5).
Rotation around S-S bonds is concluded to be restrictive.
(Chap. 6). Relaxation time and dipole moment values of difuryl
mercury are explained in terms of the non-linearity of C-Hg-C
bond. (Chap. 7)
Information Entropy in Cosmology
The effective evolution of an inhomogeneous cosmological model may be
described in terms of spatially averaged variables. We point out that in this
context, quite naturally, a measure arises which is identical to a fluid model
of the `Kullback-Leibler Relative Information Entropy', expressing the
distinguishability of the local inhomogeneous mass density field from its
spatial average on arbitrary compact domains. We discuss the time-evolution of
`effective information' and explore some implications. We conjecture that the
information content of the Universe -- measured by Relative Information Entropy
of a cosmological model containing dust matter -- is increasing.Comment: LateX, PRLstyle, 4 pages; to appear in PR
Case 01/2008: a young female patient with the familial form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, who evolved with syncope, complex ventricular arrhythmia and cardiogenic shock
A Novel Application of Virtual Reality for Pain Control: Virtual Reality-Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy
The Stretcher Operation of KSR (NUCLEAR SCIENCE RESEARCH FACILITY-Particle and Photon Beams)
The electron ring KSR has been utilized as a pulse stretcher of the 100 MeV S-band electron linac. The duty factor of the electron beam has been increased drastically more than 90% from 2 10-5
上顎の形態発生におけるWnt signaling pathwayの役割
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CLP) usually results from a failure of the medial nasal prominences to fuse with the lateral and maxillary prominences. This failure inhibits facial morphogenesis regulated by several major morphogenetic signaling pathways. We hypothesized that CLP results from the failure of the Wnt signaling pathway. To examine whether Wnt signaling can influences upper jaw development, we applied beads soaked with Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), Alsterpaullone (AL) or Wnt3a to the right side of the maxillary prominence of the chick embryo. The embryo showed a defect of the maxilla on the treated side, and skeletal staining revealed hypoplasia of the premaxilla and palatine bone as a result of Dkk-1-soaked bead implantation. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cell numbers in the treated maxillary prominence were significantly lower at both 24 and 48 hr after implantation. Down-regulation of the expression of Bmp4, Tbx22, Sox9, and Barx1 was confirmed in the maxillary prominence treated with Dkk-1, which indicated that the deformity of the maxillary bone was controlled by gene targets of the Wnt signaling pathway. Expression of N-cadherin was seen immunohistochemically in the maxillary prominences of embryos at 6 hr and increased at 24 hr after AL treatment. Wnt signaling enhanced by AL or Wnt3a up-regulated the expression levels of Msx1, Bmp4, Tbx22, Sox9, and Barx1. Our data suggest that the Wnt signaling pathway regulates maxillary morphogenesis and growth through Bmp4, Tbx22, Sox9, and Barx1. Wnt signaling might regulate N-cadherin expression via Msx1, resulting in cell aggregation for osteochondrogenesis.博士(医学)・乙第1430号・令和元年6月26日© 2019 The Japan Society of Histochemistry and CytochemistryCopyright: © 2019 The author. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, istribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.J-STAGEへのリンク : http://dx.doi.org/10.1267/ahc.1803
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