Huizinga-Caillois : variaciones sobre una visión atropológica del juego

Huizinga's aim in "Homo Ludens" was to reveal the presence of play in social life as the primary nucleus of culture, as an anthropological phenomenon, underived and significant in itself. What is characteristic of play is its power to change things: It cancels every-day reality and creates an unreal world reigned by an autarchic order of events. However, play does in fact simultaneously penetrate real life, giving us models, expectation and style, and inspiring both social community and cultural creation. With this anthropological interpretation of play Huizinga explains the different forms of culture as having their origin in man's impulse to play. In his "Les Jeux et les Hommes" Caillois in his turn takes up this description of the phenomenon of play as an ever-present factor in culture. It means rupture with reality and at the same time cultural and social creation. Caillois establishes an extensive classification of games,adding any aspect that may have been omitted by Huizinga. If we consider the common point of departure these two authors take and make a compromise on their differences, we will find that they give us an important anthropological view of the phenomenon of cultur

Estomatitis subprotésica en pacientes adultos mayores que asisten a centros de salud de Trujillo - 2017

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la Presencia de Estomatitis Subprotesica en pacientes adultos mayores que asisten a Centros de Salud de Trujillo en el periodo Mayo – Junio del 2017. El estudio fue prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo y observacional e incluyo un total de 167 pacientes adultos mayores que asisten a los Centros de Salud de Trujillo. Se utilizó una ficha Clínica Estomatológica como instrumento de evaluación, previo entrenamiento del investigador (0.8 de Kappa). Se encontró que el 40.1% de Estomatitis Subprotesica fue de Tipo I, el Tipo II fue de 28.7%. Según la edad, el Tipo I predomina entre el 66 a 70 años, mientras que el Tipo II (60.0%) en 81 años a más. El sexo femenino presentó Tipo I siendo 41.2%, y los varones 28.6%. La presencia de enfermedad sistémica no influye en la presencia de Estomatitis Subprotesica. El uso de colutorio bucal influye en la disminución de la presencia de esta patología. (p <0.000) Se concluyó que la presencia de Estomatitis Subprotesica Tipo I en pacientes adultos mayores que asisten a Centros de Salud de Trujillo, prevalece en las mujeres entre 66 a 70 años de edad, la enfermedad sistémica no influye y que el uso de colutorio bucal previene la aparición de esta patología.The present study aimed to determine the Presence of Subprotesic Stomatitis in elderly patients who attend Trujillo Health Centers in the period May - June, 2017. The study was prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive and observational, and included a total of 167 elderly patients attending the Trujillo Health Centers. A Clinical Stomatologic record was used as an evaluation instrument, after the researcher's training (0.8 of Kappa). It was found that 40.1% of Subprotesic Stomatitis was Type I, Type II was 28.7%. According to the age, Type I predominates between 66 to 70 years, whereas Type II (60.0%) in 81 years to more. The female sex presented Type I being 41.2%, and the men 28.6%. The presence of systemic disease does not influence the presence of Subprotesic Stomatitis. The use of mouthwash influences the reduction of the presence of this pathology. (P <0.000) It was concluded that the presence of Subprotesic Type I Stomatitis in elderly patients attending Trujillo Health Centers prevails in women between 66 and 70 years of age, systemic disease does not influence and that the use of oral mouthwash prevents the appearance Of this pathology.Tesi

La condición jurídica de los espacios marítimos de Canarias: problemática actual

Análisis y estudio de la problemática que plantea la condición jurídica de los espacios marítimos contemplados por el Derecho internacional, a raíz de la entrada en vigor de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar de 1982; en especial, la inaplicación del principio archipelágico a los archipiélagos de Estado, como es el caso de Canarias.Analysis and study of the problematic one that the legal condition of the marine spaces contemplated by the international Law raises, as a result of the take effect of the Convention of the Nations United on the Law of Sea of 1982; in special, the no application of the archipelagic principle to the archipelagoes of State, as it is the case of the Canary Islands

Régimen jurídico del transporte multimodal internacional de mercancías: problemática actual

Análisis y estudio de la problemática actual que plantea la aplicación práctica del régimen jurídico del transporte multimodal internacional de mercancías, habida cuenta que —a día de hoy— no existe una normativa uniforme, autónoma e independiente, capaz de regular esta específica modalidad de traslado plural, a pesar de los intentos unificadores llevados a cabo por el Convenio de Naciones Unidas sobre el transporte multimodal internacional de mercancías, hecho en Ginebra el 24 de mayo de 1980.Analysis and problematic study of the present one that the practical application of the legal regime of international multimodal transport of goods raises, been account that —to day of today— a normative uniform and independent, does not exist able to regulate this specific modality of plural transfer; in spite of the carried out unifying attempts by the Agreement of Nations United on international multimodal transport of merchandise, fact in Geneva the 24 of May of 1980

Cómo puede llegar a suceder: un estudio de “It Can’t Happen Here” de Sinclair Lewis y de su predicción de las políticas americanas más recientes

This paper aims to explore the valuable role of Sinclair Lewis as a writer in American literature, and to study the way in which he used totalitarian regimes as inspiration for his dystopian depiction of a fascist government in the United States in It Can’t Happen Here. It delves into the connections between this novel and the Nazi dictatorship in Germany, and also into how it can serve as a predictor of the most recent approaches to politics that have been developed in America by such politicians as Donald Trump

Genome-Scale in silico Reconstruction of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generating Metabolism in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and Study of the role of ROS in Different Metabolic Processes

The understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship is a fundamental biological question widely studied, but still not understood in all its dimension. The existence of emergent systems' properties largely complicates the lineality of this relationship making it mandatory for the study of such properties to fully understand the biological systems. The robustness, understood as the porperty that allows the systems to maintain their functions despite external and internal perturbations, is a system-level phenomenom ubiquitously observed in living systems (Blanchini and Franco 2011). Metabolic networks can be affected by variables that have the power of modulating it as a whole and, most likely, of influencing the referred-to molecular mechanisms. Those variables, one of whihch being endogenous ROS generating metabolism, must be included in metabolic in silico models to study this robustness. We decided to model endogenous ROS generation in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome-scale model. P. putida is a model microorganism in biotechnology and possesses an extremely versatile metabolism, which makes it the perfect candidate to study complex metabolic processes (Belda et al. 2016). The objective of this project is to go deep in the understanding of endogenous ROS metabolism and to study the role of ROS in different metabolic processes. To do so, we built and validated the ROS generating genome-scale model and used it as a tool for two purposes: (1) to analyse, in silico, the main metabolic mechanisms to prevent the cell from ROS damage and (2) to generate hypothesis about the role of ROS in different metabolic processes that we approached experimentaly. As a result of this investigation, we have came up with (1) the theory that the main cellular mechanisms to fight back endogenous ROS generation are fuelled by NADH, and not by the activation of NADPH generating metabolic pathways, as we find in scientific literature (Mailloux, Lemire, and Appanna 2011). (2) We have also found that ROS plays an important role in different molecular mechanisms involving robustness, as the carbon flux deviation to the accumulation of  polyhydroxyalkanoate; and also influenciate the global metabolic regulator gen crc

Acerca de las cartas de servicios de bibliotecas públicas españolas: un análisis de la información sobre los derechos de autor.

Objective. The majority of the services offered by public libraries are involved in copyright. This work has the aim to find out, based on the content analysis of the services charts, whether the existing relationships between the services offered and the copyright involved are properly identified and whether this is adequately communicated to the users as required by the quality management regulation. Design/Methodology/Approach. It is based on the location of the services charts of the Spanish public libraries. A sample is selected for the qualitative analysis including a wide variety of libraries. Out of these, as a first approach to the study of the subject, only the services and information of general nature are analysed. The following aspects are also checked: the existence of references to the regulations on copyright; the mechanisms available for the citizen to communicate with the library and participate in its management; and the services offered and the legal consequences for the citizen, what should be reflected on the content of the services charts. Results/Discussion. The results bring to light the fact that the references to copyrights in the services charts of the Spanish public libraries are scarce, either regulations or matters of general nature or specific regarding their application to the services provided to users. Conclusions. This work exposes that the services offered by public libraries have numerous copyright implications but that these do not seem to be properly identified for their inclusion in the services charts. The conclusions specify what sort of information is gathered in this respect and which way. Originality/Value. The majority of the services offered by public libraries are involved in copyright. However, this is an insufficiently studied field. In addition, these implications have increased in number and complexity with the development of the digital environment. On the other hand, the application of the quality management and the rules derived from this compels the public libraries to elaborate quality tools with the purpose of facilitating the communication between the institution and the citizens, in particular, the services charts. Thus, a study of this nature is of interest

Regulation of Protein Secretion Systems Mediated by Cyclic Diguanylate in Plant-Interacting Bacteria

The ubiquitous second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is involved in the regulation of different processes in bacteria. In phytopathogens, intracellular fluctuations in the concentration of this molecule contribute to the lifestyle switching from a motile and virulent stage to a sessile and biofilm-forming phase. Among the virulence mechanisms used by bacterial pathogens, different specific type secretion systems (TSSs) and the effector proteins that they translocate are included. Some of these TSS are conceived to suppress host immune responses during bacterial colonization. The modulation of the expression of secretion systems components and/or effector proteins can be influenced by c-di-GMP levels at transcriptional, translational, or post-translational levels and can take place directly by binding to specific or global regulators, or via transducer proteins. Different genera of plant-interacting bacteria have been analyzed to shed some light in the implications of c-di-GMP in the regulation of host plant colonization through protein secretion systems. Expression of (1) adhesins secreted by Type 1 secretion systems to bind the host plant in Pectobacterium (formerly Erwinia) and some beneficial Pseudomonas strains; (2) catalytic exoproteins delivered by Type 2 secretion systems to break plant cell wall in Dickeya; (3) effectors secreted by Type 3 secretion systems to suppress plant immunity in Xanthomonas; or (4) the activity of Type 6 secretion systems to export an ATPase in Pseudomonas, are finely tuned by c-di-GMP levels. In this minireview, we summarize the knowledge available about the implications of c-di-GMP in the regulation of protein secretion in different plant-interacting bacteria.Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity BIO2016-78409-

Heterologous viral expression systems in fosmid vectors increase the functional analysis potential of metagenomic libraries

The extraordinary potential of metagenomic functional analyses to identify activities of interest present in uncultured microorganisms has been limited by reduced gene expression in surrogate hosts. We have developed vectors and specialized E. coli strains as improved metagenomic DNA heterologous expression systems, taking advantage of viral components that prevent transcription termination at metagenomic terminators. One of the systems uses the phage T7 RNA-polymerase to drive metagenomic gene expression, while the other approach uses the lambda phage transcription anti-termination protein N to limit transcription termination. A metagenomic library was constructed and functionally screened to identify genes conferring carbenicillin resistance to E. coli. The use of these enhanced expression systems resulted in a 6-fold increase in the frequency of carbenicillin resistant clones. Subcloning and sequence analysis showed that, besides β-lactamases, efflux pumps are not only able contribute to carbenicillin resistance but may in fact be sufficient by themselves to convey carbenicillin resistance.España, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia BIO2011-24003España, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia CSD2007-000