PRELIMINARY NUMERICAL RESEARCH ON FLOW PATTERNS OF SEA-AND FRESH-WATER IN THE TAM GIANG, THUY TU AND CAU HAI LAGOONS IN A TIDAL SYSTEM

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Remote detection of fumarolic gas chemistry at Vulcano, Italy, using an FT-IR spectral radiometer

An infrared absorption spectroscopy remote sensing technique was used to determine the S02/HCl ratio in fumarolic plumes at Vulcano, Italy. The measurements were made from the southern crater rim of Fossa Grande Crater, about 400 m from the fumarolic area in the crater. Infrared absorption spectra of HCl and SO, were observed for four fumaroles a few tens of metres apart using the hot fumarolic surface as an infrared light source. The measured S02/HCl ratios in the FA, F47, FW and lower parti of the F21 fumaroles were 4.5-5.4, 3.5, 9.5-11.2 and 5.8 respectively. The S02/HCl ratio of the FA fumarole was higher than that of the gas collected directly in the fumarolic vent (S02/HCl ratio = 2.9), and was closer to the S~,,,,,,/HCl ratio (= 4.6) of the collected gas. Our results show that the SO,/HCl ratios of two fumaroles only a few tens of metres apart exhibits differences of about twofold. This suggests that this remote monitoring technique is capable of detecting spatial distribution in the S02/HCl ratios of volcanic plumes. Because temporal variations in S/Cl ratios can provide precursory signals for volcanic eruptions [l-31, this remote sensing technique can used efficiently for evaluation of volcanic activity

Differences in muscle power between the dominant and nondominant upper limbs of baseball players

We examined the differences in muscle power between the dominant and nondominant upper limbs of 33 healthy, right-handed, university baseball players (mean age, 20.4±1.1 years) with an average baseball experience >11 years. After measuring maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of hand grip, elbow flexion, and shoulder internal rotation in both upper limbs, the muscle power of each joint was measured at 40%, 50%, and 60% MVC. No significant differences were observed in the main factors affecting MVC and elbow flexion power loads between dominant and nondominant upper limbs. For handgrip power, load factors at 40% MVC in the dominant hand were lower than those at 60% MVC in the same hand and those at 50% and 60% MVC in the nondominant hand. Significant differences were observed in shoulder internal rotation power between dominant and nondominant upper limbs, with the dominant limb having greater power at all loads. Correlations between muscle power of both upper limbs for handgrip and elbow flexion were significant and moderately high at all loads. For shoulder internal rotation power, the degree of correlation was significant and moderately high at 40% MVC but low to moderate at 50% and 60% MVC. Therefore, baseball players have marked lateral dominance in shoulder internal rotation power unlike handgrip and elbow flexion power, although the relationship between shoulder internal rotation muscle powers of both upper limbs becomes lower with increasing load. The dominance of muscle power of each joint varied even in the same upper limb. It is thus beneficial for baseball players to train with even loads on both arms or adopt simultaneous workout of both arms after adjusting for strength differences. © 2013 National Strength and Conditioning Association

Gas-flow simulation with contact moving in GCB considering high-pressure and high-temperature transport properties of SF6 gas

金沢大学工学部This paper addresses a thermal gas-flow simulation in gas circuit-breaker (GCB) chambers, introducing SF6 gas constants up to a pressure of 10 MPa and to a temperature of 30 000 K. In the simulation, moving parts, such as nozzle, movable arcing contact, and operating rod, are moved with the opening motion of GCB to see if different results are produced from the conventional simulation method, in which fixed parts in the real GCB are moved. As a result, as far as the pressure profile in the puffer chamber is concerned, it is confirmed that this simulation method can produce better results than the conventional method for the hybrid-puffer-type chamber. © 2005 IEEE

Structural basis of Sec-independent membrane protein insertion by YidC

[プレスリリース]バイオサイエンス研究科膜分子複合機能学研究室の塚崎智也准教授らの研究グループが、タンパク質を細胞膜に組み込むメカニズムを解明しました（2014/04/17）Newly synthesized membrane proteins must be accurately inserted into the membrane, folded and assembled for proper functioning. The protein YidC inserts its substrates into the membrane, thereby facilitating membrane protein assembly in bacteria; the homologous proteins Oxa1 and Alb3 have the same function in mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively1, 2. In the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, YidC functions as an independent insertase and a membrane chaperone in cooperation with the translocon SecYEG3, 4, 5. Here we present the crystal structure of YidC from Bacillus halodurans, at 2.4 Å resolution. The structure reveals a novel fold, in which five conserved transmembrane helices form a positively charged hydrophilic groove that is open towards both the lipid bilayer and the cytoplasm but closed on the extracellular side. Structure-based in vivo analyses reveal that a conserved arginine residue in the groove is important for the insertion of membrane proteins by YidC. We propose an insertion mechanism for single-spanning membrane proteins, in which the hydrophilic environment generated by the groove recruits the extracellular regions of substrates into the low-dielectric environment of the membrane

Peripheral Blood as a Preferable Source of Stem Cells for Salvage Transplantation in Patients with Graft Failure after Cord Blood Transplantation: A Retrospective Analysis of the Registry Data of the Japanese Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

To compare the different stem cell sources used in salvage transplantation for graft failure (GF) after cord blood transplantation (CBT), we retrospectively analyzed data of 220 patients who developed GF after undergoing CBT between January 2001 and December 2007 and underwent a second hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) within 3 months. The donor sources for salvage HSCT were cord blood (n = 180), peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs; n = 24), and bone marrow (BM; n = 16). The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment on day 30 after the second HSCT was 39% with CB, 71% with PBSCs, and 75% with BM. Multivariate analysis revealed that PBSC and BM grafts were associated with a significantly higher engraftment rate than CB (hazard ratio [HR], 7.77; P < .001 and HR, 2.81; P = .016, respectively). Although the incidence of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease was significantly higher in the PBSC group than in the CB group (HR, 2.83; P = .011), the incidence of 1-year nonrelapse mortality was lower in the PBSC group than in the CB group (HR, 0.43; P = .019), and 1-year overall survival was superior in the PBSC group compared with the CB group (HR, 0.45; P = .036). Our results suggest that PBSC is the preferable source of stem cells in salvage HSCT for GF after CBT

フウシャ ノ ハネ ノ ケイジョウ

羽根の中心角と長さを限定して, 取り出すエネルギーを最大にする羽根の輪郭形状が数値計算を用いて求められた.板羽根とエネルギーを最も多く取り出すようにひねられた羽根とが調査の対象となっている.板羽根の最適形状は扇形か又は扇の紙形となるが, エネルギーを最も多く取り出すようにひねられた羽根のそれは常に扇形である.更に, 他の理由でやむなく羽根を変形するときの削除の方法が調べられた.有効に作用した多くの羽根の形状を, その結果は許容している.けれども, この論文では空気の粘性と羽根の回転軸に垂直な後流の速度成分が無視されている.In the constant values of the area and of the central angle, the outline-shapes of the blade which takes out the most energy are obtained from the results of the numerical calculation. The plate-blade and the blade so twisted as to take out the most energy are the objects of the investigation. The most suitable outline-shape for the plate-blade is the shape of a sector or the shape bounded by two circles and one sector with the common center, and that for the blade so twisted as to take out the most energy is always the shape of a sector. Moreover, it is investigated how to change the form of the blade to a more suitable outline-shape when it has to be changed for some other reason. And the results obtained in this way prove that the outline-shapes of all other efficiently used blades are acceptable. However, the viscosity of the air and the velocity component of the wake in the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis the blades are neglected in this paper