The evolution of the art fair

This paper focuses on one of the key facets of the global art market, the art fair. Art fairs, which have proliferated in recent years and can be found in large numbers all over the globe, provide a crucial infrastructure for the sale and exhibition of works of art. Despite their current popularity, however, the history of the art fair, the development of its organisational form, and its importance to the market and society have largely been neglected in scholarly studies. Therefore, this paper adopts an evolutionary approach to better understand the development of the art fair, including its network-like structure, and how it became the core business structure of the contemporary art world. This paper demonstrates that art fairs inherited a great number of business practices from previous times, such as observational principles for the creation of prices, aesthetic features, and branding strategies to emphasize their outstanding and almost religious nature. Furthermore, the paper shows that the network-like structure of the art fair has contributed to its contemporary success

Media Events and Geo-Cultural Markets: Narration and Framing of the 2010 Chilean Mining Accident in Newspapers in Chile, Mexico and Spain

This study examines media events from the perspective of geo-cultural markets by analyzing the media frames used during print media coverage of the Chilean mining disaster of 2010 in newspapers from Chile, Mexico and Spain. The paper assesses the narratives, dynamics and perspectives in two main frames- love and heroes-To further our understanding of framing strategies in the Hispanic geo-cultural market by addressing how geo-cultural markets can reinforce, localize or transcend frameworks or differ internally. The aim is to problematize the apparent standardization of geo-cultural markets and to analyze their differential occurrence in framing, identifying correlations and dissimilarities among representations of the mining accident in the three nations. In addition, the research highlights the variables within each frame and their association with cultural features of the Global South, rendering the concept of framing more adaptable and flexible. Finally, the paper demonstrates that frames of affection and emotion were highly influential in turning the Chilean mining disaster into a medium event

The morphogenesis of art districts: Case studies of Williamsburg, NYC and 798, Beijing

This paper will develop a general framework for the cultural evolution of art districts based on empirical research from different global city-regions. It will go beyond gentrifying approaches, which tend to focus on the decline of an art district or area but do not relate this transformation to the overall evolution of a city. The framework is based on the evolutionary concept of morphogenesis as the formation of increased social complexity. This build-up of complexity will be illustrated through stages through which art districts develop and the inherent logic which contributes to their decline, discussing each stage’s morphogenetic features, shedding light on the embedding of districts into urban centres and on urban change.This paper will compare the development of Williamsburg, New York City, and 798, Beijing. These cases were analysed through a Grounded Theory approach, with the aim to advance our understanding of urban cultural evolution with regard to developing an approach beyond gentrification.Issu d’un travail de recherche empirique, cet article propose un cadre général à l’analyse de l’évolution culturelle des quartiers artistiques de différentes métropoles mondiales. Il propose de dépasser l’entrée par les seuls processus de gentrification, souvent axée sur le déclin des concentrations artistiques et sans lien avec l’évolution de la ville dans son ensemble. L’étude est construite autour du concept évolutif de morphogénèse comme facteur de complexité sociale croissante. Celle-ci est illustrée à travers les différentes phases de développement des quartiers artistiques et les logiques inhérentes qui contribuent à leur déclin, analysant les caractéristiques morphogénétiques de chaque étape et l’intégration des quartiers dans l’espace urbain et ses transformations. L’article compare le développement de Williamsburg à New York et du quartier 798 à Beijing, dans une perspective empirique visant à faire progresser la compréhension des processus d’évolution culturelle urbaine, au-delà des approches par les phénomènes de gentrification

Trust and Confidence: History, Theory and Socio-Political Implications

Even before trust became a buzzword, theoretical developments were made, which have instigated the development of two forms of trust which are described as personal trust and system trust/confidence. However, this distinction remained rather secondary in the overall literature. There is an overall lack on the historical developments of these forms of trust, their internal logic and how they interlink, overlap, or work against each other. The paper aims to advance these three aspects: first through a historical overview of the semantic of this distinction, followed by a theoretical reconstruction of the historical material and third by demonstrating how these theoretical concepts can be applied to political crises (Revolutions of 1989), thus revealing their logic and mutual interlockin

Weltereignisse und Massenmedien: Zur Theorie des Weltmedienereignisses

Wie lässt es sich erklären, dass die Massenmedien über mehrere Tage hinweg in allen Teilen der Welt über ausschließlich ein und dasselbe Thema berichten? Christian Morgner nähert sich diesen »Weltmedienereignissen« und gibt soziologisch überzeugende Antworten zur Strukturförmigkeit des Phänomens. Durch Auswertung umfangreicher Fernseh- und Zeitungsmaterialien aus verschiedenen Weltregionen, die über das Attentat auf John F. Kennedy, den Unfalltod Lady Dianas und den Untergang der Titanic berichtet haben, entwickelt er begriffliche Mittel aus der empirischen Forschung heraus. Damit liegt nun eine stringente mediensoziologische Studie vor, die durch enge Kombination von Theorie und Empirie sowie durch komplexe Theorieentwicklung besticht

Weltereignisse und Massenmedien: Zur Theorie des Weltmedienereignisses; Studien zu John F. Kennedy, Lady Diana und der Titanic

Wie lässt es sich erklären, dass die Massenmedien über mehrere Tage hinweg in allen Teilen der Welt über ausschließlich ein und dasselbe Thema berichten? Der Autor nähert sich diesen "Weltmedienereignissen" und gibt soziologisch überzeugende Antworten zur Strukturförmigkeit des Phänomens. Durch Auswertung umfangreicher Fernseh- und Zeitungsmaterialien aus verschiedenen Weltregionen, die über das Attentat auf John F. Kennedy, den Unfalltod Lady Dianas und den Untergang der Titanic berichtet haben, entwickelt er begriffliche Mittel aus der empirischen Forschung heraus. Damit liegt nun eine stringente mediensoziologische Studie vor, die durch enge Kombination von Theorie und Empirie sowie durch komplexe Theorieentwicklung besticht

Weltereignisse und Massenmedien: Zur Theorie des Weltmedienereignisses

Wie lässt es sich erklären, dass die Massenmedien über mehrere Tage hinweg in allen Teilen der Welt über ausschließlich ein und dasselbe Thema berichten? Christian Morgner nähert sich diesen »Weltmedienereignissen« und gibt soziologisch überzeugende Antworten zur Strukturförmigkeit des Phänomens. Durch Auswertung umfangreicher Fernseh- und Zeitungsmaterialien aus verschiedenen Weltregionen, die über das Attentat auf John F. Kennedy, den Unfalltod Lady Dianas und den Untergang der Titanic berichtet haben, entwickelt er begriffliche Mittel aus der empirischen Forschung heraus. Damit liegt nun eine stringente mediensoziologische Studie vor, die durch enge Kombination von Theorie und Empirie sowie durch komplexe Theorieentwicklung besticht

Carrier-envelope phase sensitive inversion in two-level systems

We theoretically study the carrier-envelope phase dependent inversion generated in a two-level system by excitation with a few-cycle pulse. Based on the invariance of the inversion under time reversal of the exciting field, parameters are introduced to characterize the phase sensitivity of the induced inversion. Linear and nonlinear phase effects are numerically studied for rectangular and sinc-shaped pulses. Furthermore, analytical results are obtained in the limits of weak fields as well as strong dephasing, and by nearly degenerate perturbation theory for sinusoidal excitation. The results show that the phase sensitive inversion in the ideal two-level system is a promising route for constructing carrier-envelope phase detectors