Clothes, masculinity and civilitation. The clothing of men in Córdoba (Argentina), XIX century

En este trabajo proponemos construir una imagen de la vestimenta de los hombres de la ciudad de Córdoba en el siglo XIX mediante el exhaustivo análisis de inventarios post mortem. Nos interesa identificar transformaciones y permanencias en el tiempo y aproximarnos a la comprensión de los significados construidos en torno a este apartado de la cultura material cotidiana. Nuestra propuesta apunta a trascender la descripción de las formas del atuendo y abordar los significados construidos en la interacción del hombre con su traje en determinados contextos.In this paper we propose to build a picture of the dress of men in the city of Cordoba, in the XIX century by the analysis of postmortem inventories. We are interested in identifying changes and continuities over time and understanding of the meanings constructed around clothing. Our proposal aims to transcend the description of the forms of dress and approach the meanings constructed in the interaction of men and his dress in certain contexts

Editorial

Nuevamente, nuestra revista, nos enorgullece. En momentos críticos para nuestra Universidad Pública, donde sentimos que uno de nuestros mayores desafíos es la defensa de su rol de generadora de conocimiento significativo, abocada a mejorar la vida de cada habitante de este mundo, avizoramos el peligro de que se desconozca su función central, se devalúe su aporte y, a partir de las políticas de recorte presupuestario, directamente se atente contra su existencia. Por eso, este número vuelve a enorgullecernos. Valiosos aportes a problemáticas altamente decisivas que transitamos cotidianamente , como las especificidades del trabajo docente; las políticas del Estado frente a la discriminación, la xenofobia o el racismo; la necesidad de revisar permanentemente conceptos fundantes de nuestra disciplina; los aportes desde la lingüística y el análisis del discurso a las dinámicas de instalación de conceptos en el mundo de la política; la complejidad del entramado religioso en las sociedades modernas y las discusiones acerca de los retos eclesiales y su lugar en la comunidad en general y en los movimientos religiosos en particular, son los temas que desarrollan especialistas en las páginas de esta entrega. Destacamos también el interesante dossier coordinado y presentado por la Dra. Silvia Montenegro acerca de Diásporas y Migraciones que cuenta con el aporte de destacados especialistas de reconocimiento internacional. En él se incluyen trabajos que, en su conjunto, exponen una compleja escena de situación, así como también un variado aporte de perspectivas y recortes acerca del tema. Como venimos haciéndolo últimamente, el presente número también contiene la transcripción de la clase inaugural del año académico 2017 de nuestra Escuela de Antropología. En este caso, se trata de la disertación del Dr. Alejandro Grimson, donde reflexiona acerca del problema de la desigualdad, profundizando acerca de su presencia constante en nuestros trabajos antropológicos, y convocándonos a pensar, necesariamente, el problema de la diferencia. Desde el próximo año nuestra periodicidad será semestral. La Revista de la Escuela de Antropología crece, y lo hace porque asumimos el compromiso de ese crecimiento a partir de la promoción y difusión del trabajo de nuestros docentes, investigadores y estudiantes, así como también en la oferta permanentemente abierta, de un espacio de publicación para todos los que aún, en las condiciones más adversas, siguen apostando por nuestra Universidad Pública.Fil: Moreyra, Élida. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Facultad de Humanidades y Artes; Directora de la Escuela de Antropología ; Argentin

“A todos nos ha tocado vivir la crueldad de este tiempo”. Da esfera íntima à histórica, a voz do poeta partilhada

IX Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas realizado nos dias 22 a 25 agosto 2016Em dezembro de 1958, quando ainda residia na Argentina, Rafael Alberti recebe uma carta anônima escrita desde uma prisão na Espanha. A missiva é publicada em 1976 na edição da revista Litoral dedicada a textos sobre a relação entre poesia e prisão. Em junho de 1959 já viera à luz a resposta de Alberti, intitulada Carta a los presos de España. A leitura atenta dessas correspondências desvela intenções que ultrapassam o âmbito íntimo, expectativa primeira criada pelo gênero textual, aqui considerado a partir dos estudos de Foucault (2006), Pedro Salinas (2007), Marcos Antonio de Moraes (2008) e Claudio Guillén (1985). Propomos ler as duas cartas numa perspectiva mais ampla que implica, por um lado, uma reflexão sobre os limites da ação do poeta e da poesia, e, por outro, uma complexa conjuntura história na passagem dos anos 50 para os 60, na qual não se pode ignorar o papel dos intelectuais detidos em prisões espanholas – como o poeta Marcos Ana, cujo período de detenção em Burgos foi amplamente estudado por Manuel Aznar Soler (2003) –; o movimento europeu e americano pela anistia de presos políticos na Espanha e em Portugal; e o acirramento das tensões ideológicas decorrentes da Guerra Fria. A armação discursiva das cartas, organizada a partir da reivindicação, tanto dos presos como de Rafael Alberti, por uma voz plena e legítima capaz de se erguer contra o silêncio decretado pela ditadura franquista após a Guerra Civil Espanhola, reafirma o compromisso deste poeta e evidencia sua lúcida atuação artística e política num contexto histórico especialmente intrincadoUNILA­-UNIOEST

Pensar los objetos. Problemas y fuentes para el estudio de la cultura material en la época colonial

No cabe duda que los objetos materiales concretos forman parte de la vida cotidiana del individuo. Tales objetos no solo producen efectos físicos, (por ejemplo, la vestimenta cubre el cuerpo) sino que también tienen significado y valor simbólico, y en este sentido, comunican y expresan, por ejemplo, status social y económico. El significado y valor simbólico que adquiere lo material tiene que ver con la amplia gama de interacciones que se dan entre los sujetos entre sí y con los objetos que se compran, venden, donan y transmiten en herencia. En este sentido, lo material nos habla sobre los individuos, es una puerta de entrada para la comprensión de la sociedad. Los objetos materiales no han de pensarse solos o aislados, sino insertos en procesos, prácticas y relaciones sociales de las que son parte. Lo material no es sólo algo externo a los individuos, forma parte de su devenir vital. El presente trabajo pretende introducir y plantear algunas cuestiones relativas al estudio de las condiciones de vida material en el período colonial, ampliando la noción misma de cultura material, de modo que incluya, no sólo objetos materiales concretos sino también, las prácticas sociales cotidianas de las que tales objetos formaban parte y los diferentes significados que lo material adquiere en esta mutua interacción entre los hombres y los objetos. A su vez, se intenta plantear la riqueza de las cartas de dote, de capital, los testamentos e inventarios como fuentes propicias para el estudio de la cultura material, así como la importancia de un análisis crítico de tales documentos, que trascienda la mera descripción de objetos.Concrete material objects are part of the daily lives of individuals. Those objects do not only produced physical effects (for example, dress over the body), but they also meaning and symbolic value and, in this sense, they communicate and express, for example, social and economic status. The meaning and significant value the material objects acquire is related to the wide scope of ineteractions between subjects and objects that are purchased, sold, [donados] and passed in heritage. In this way, material objects are a door to society. They are not meant to be though isolated, but included in social processes, practices and relationships. This paper pretends to introduce and pose some issues related to the material lives conditions in the colonial period, increasing the notion of material culture in a way it can include not only concrete material objects, but also the social practices of which they were part, and the different meanings that material objects acquire in this mutual interaction between men and objects. At the same time, it is pretended to pose the richness of the dowry letters, of capital, testaments and inventories as useful sources for material culture studiy, as well as the importance of a critic analysis of those documents, that can go beyond the simple objects description.Fil: Moreyra, Cecilia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Nutrition in Cordoba at the end of the 18th century. An interpretation from the perspective of everyday spaces and objects

Alimentarse constituye una práctica social que no sólo involucra un alimento determinado y el cuerpo que lo ingiere, sino que incluye también espacios y objetos. Desde una perspectiva sociocultural, en el presente artículo proponemos abordar la alimentación como un aspecto de la cotidianidad cordobesa hacia fines del siglo XVIII, tomando los distintos espacios domésticos en que se desarrollaba la preparación de la comida y los diversos objetos utilizados para tal fin, como la puerta de entrada para la comprensión de esta práctica social. El punto de partida es una noción amplia de cultura material según la cual los objetos no solo producen efectos físicos sino que asimismo comunican y expresan significados sociales, los que se conforman a partir de la permanente interrelación entre sujeto, objeto y espacio.Nutrition is a social practice that involves not only a determined food and the body that consumes it, but also spaces and objects. This article attempts to approach nutrition from a socio-cultural perspective, as an aspect of everyday life in Cordoba (Argentina) at the end of the 18th century, employing as a gateway the different spaces of the home in which food was prepared, and the diverse objects utilized for the purpose. The point of departure is a broad notion of material culture, by which objects not only produce physical effects, but also communicate and express social meanings that are shaped by the permanent interrelation between subject, object and space.Fil: Moreyra, Cecilia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Multiple territories in dispute : water policies, participation and Mapuce indigenous rights in Patagonia, Argentina

This thesis is about the multiple territories which dispute the shape and control of the development of the Trahunco-Quitrahue watershed, at Cerro Chapelko, Neuquén province in Argentinean Patagonian. Built into these disputes are the struggles of Mapuce peoples -indigenous peoples of the region- for the recognition in practice of their indigenous rights and the implications these have for natural resources management policies and actions, as well as for participation in decision-making processes. This study began focusing on a proposal of local and provincial water agencies to resolve local water demands by creating a water users association proposed for a small watershed49, the Trahunco stream in San Martín de los Andes (SMA), Patagonia. This territory was claimed by Mapuce communities and hosted several tourism enterprises. As fieldwork developed, the unravelling of the multiple realities involved in the water policy process, whether through the WUA or outside of it, made me broaden the scope of the research. The interethnic character of the site is reflected in its multiple actors, which include among others, tourism investors and allied businessmen, employees and administrators of an International Ski resort, different state agencies relating to the use and control of water resources and the impact of development projects - and two Mapuce indigenous communities, one of them very active in a Mapuce political organisation. All have different views, interests, possibilities and rights in respect to how development is to be defined. Therefore, once into the writing of this text, I decided that the notion of territory was the most appropriate for bringing together into the analysis the multiple dimensions intertwined at this local water policy implementation process. Territory is a concept that allows articulating the processes of social interactions and relationships, disputes for resource uses and control and, identity formation. The main questions of the research are: -What are the social interfaces of the WUA in San Martín de los Andes and how and why are the different meanings, projects and representations negotiated? -What are the processes involved in creating alternative policy spaces as Mapuce countertendencies for furthering their indigenous rights and their notions of territory? For answering these and other nested questions, I followed an actor-oriented perspective which engages with ethnographic research and participant observation as one of my main research strategies. This implied social interaction with the groups researched within their daily activities, gathering information in a systematic, non intrusive way, in order to get a view from ‘within’ the location selected for study. It required entering the fieldwork without a “formal hypothesis” but only with a preliminary comprehension of the problem to be studied. These notions guided the first steps of fieldwork, allowing for an accommodation to the circumstances found and the identification of what the actors consider as the problem around the topic of my interest as a researcher. My primary interest was to do research on the processes of genesis and implementation of a Water Users Association. While doing participant observation I combined a number of research techniques such as informal and formal discussions, individual interviews and meetings with focus groups. Attendance at local meetings, works and other events such as street protests, celebrations, markets, also drew attention to some aspects of the research and led me to new, unexpected insights and questions. For carrying out the fieldwork of this research, several periods of time were spent at San Martín de los Andes: seven months during 2001, three months in 2004 and shorter (one or two weeks) visits in 2003, 2006 and 2007. During the year between September 2006 and August 2007, I was working as a consultant within the Directorate of Indigenous Peoples and Natural Resources, at the National Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development. In this opportunity I worked closely to the Director, who is also one of the main Mapuce representatives of the political organisation whose actions this study focuses on. In this period, I met and shared discussions with many indigenous people's representatives and other Mapuce actors. This study analyses Mapuce peoples struggles for carving alternative policy spaces for enforcing indigenous rights and establish a ‘new relationship with the state’. For doing so, I firstly focused on a participatory water intervention in which a variety of actors were involved. Acknowledging the politics of participation in policy processes aiming to regulate the management of such vital resource led me to other arenas of action where actors excluded from the formal intervention, were actually generating new spaces of negotiation, not without conflicts. The social fields of interaction and dispute related to territory and sovereignty in Cerro Chapelko, at San Martín de los Andes, in the province of Neuquén are contextualized in the historically constructed cultural repertoires which influence today’s relationships between the hegemonic elites in power, other members of society and the Mapuce indigenous peoples of the region. Despite the formal recognition of indigenous rights in the national Constitution and the state’s agreements to International Conventions, the indigenous peoples of Argentina do not have access to their enforcement. Contemporary debates about the pre-existence of indigenous peoples in the region still influence the practical recognition of their rights. This is not a minor issue due to the relevance it has for exercising the autonomy in their territories. This permeates into the workings of state institutions involved in water, natural resources and environment management and control. At local level, the study focuses in the particular workings of such institutions in the process of implementation of a participatory water policy that brings together the multiple users at the watershed level, leading to the creation of a Water Users Association. The dynamics of this process reveal the processes of inclusion and exclusion that emerge out of these interfaces, so much related to the denial or ignorance of indigenous rights. The study shows how contemporary local state agencies manage to reproduce the state’s historical notion of territory as a homogenizing process of control and the denial of the rights of indigenous peoples. The exclusion of Mapuce political organisation from the scheme to develop a Water Users Association was not a cul-de-sac for them to pursue their political project. The strategies and tactics that the Mapuce deployed to create alternative policy spaces for their exercise of territoriality, which is a main element of their struggle for the recognition of indigenous rights, resulted a much more effective way for their participation in decision making. The construction of these countertendencies, that Mapuce call in general ‘the new relationship with the state’, emerge as alternative modernities which by incorporating difference into policy agendas and institutions, start to put in practice a recognition that in general is still only on paper. Therefore, the watershed is a site where multiple notions of territory are being disputed through different means and for different interests. Tourism developments advance their economic territorial projects supported by the sector’s businesses at local and regional level, The state, which influences the control through interventions as tools, shapes the territory sometimes favouring such projects. Mapuce people’s community members and political organisation, and their allies from different civil society sectors, claim their rights to participate in such definitions and propose new forms of participation. The meanings of ‘participation’ therefore, become a central issue of debate among these different actors struggling to get their notions on the political agenda. A main issue for getting indigenous rights right therefore, is the notion of differential modes of citizenship rooted in the concept of autonomy expressed within a pluri-national state, whose institutions and parliament should include Mapuce -and other peoples, as such. This is the issue from which all other aspects of indigenous rights unfold, therefore, constituting the motor of Mapuce peoples political movement. However, state institutions approach participation as an invitation to stakeholders to be informed on policy programmes and actions. Participation is reduced to a method or technique even in the best of the cases. From the discourses of state functionaries and legal advisors, in this study it becomes clear that the issue of differentiated citizenship is not incorporated into how institutions work. The coexistence of multiple territories without conflict requires that the state and wider society acknowledge in practice these rights the Mapuce are defending. Otherwise, the meanings of participation that are embedded in institutional practices that in fact over-rule or ignore these rights, most probably will continue to generate conflicts and disputes. <br/

Clothes, masculinity and civilization. The clothing of men in Córdoba (Argentina), XIX century

En este trabajo proponemos construir una imagen de la vestimenta de los hombres de la ciudad de Córdoba en el siglo XIX mediante el exhaustivo análisis de inventarios post mortem. Nos interesa identificar transformaciones y permanencias en el tiempo y aproximarnos a la comprensión de los significados construidos en torno a este apartado de la cultura material cotidiana. Nuestra propuesta apunta a trascender la descripción de las formas del atuendo y abordar los significados construidos en la interacción del hombre con su traje en determinados contextosIn this paper we propose to build a picture of the dress of men in the city of Cordoba, in the XIX century by the analysis of postmortem inventories. We are interested in identifying changes and continuities over time and understanding of the meanings constructed around clothing. Our proposal aims to transcend the description of the forms of dress and approach the meanings constructed in the interaction of men and his dress in certain contexts.Fil: Moreyra, Cecilia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Nutrition in Cordoba at the End of the 18th Century. An Interpretation from the Perspective of Everyday Spaces and Objects

Alimentarse constituye una práctica social que no sólo involucra un alimento determinado y el cuerpo que lo ingiere, sino que incluye también espacios y objetos. Desde una perspectiva sociocultural, en el presente artículo proponemos abordar la alimentación como un aspecto de la cotidianidad cordobesa hacia fines del siglo XVIII, tomando los distintos espacios domésticos en que se desarrollaba la preparación de la comida y los diversos objetos utilizados para tal fin, como la puerta de entrada para la comprensión de esta práctica social. El punto de partida es una noción amplia de cultura material según la cual los objetos no solo producen efectos físicos sino que asimismo comunican y expresan significados sociales, los que se conforman a partir de la permanente interrelación entre sujeto, objeto y espacio.Nutrition is a social practice that involves not only a determined food and the body that consumes it, but also spaces and objects. This article attempts to approach nutrition from a socio-cultural perspective, as an aspect of everyday life in Cordoba (Argentina) at the end of the 18th century, employing as a gateway the different spaces of the home in which food was prepared, and the diverse objects utilized for the purpose. The point of departure is a broad notion of material culture, by which objects not only produce physical effects, but also communicate and express social meanings that are shaped by the permanent interrelation between subject, object and space

Design of hydrometallurgical stages for reprocessing artisanal mine tailings from Madre de Dios

The objective of this work was to design hydrometallurgical stages to reprocess artisanal gravimetric table concentration tailings from Madre de Dios. These tailings are currently considered waste, even though they still contain gold and rare earths. The scope is limited to the design and technical-economic assessment of leaching stages of gold and rare earths, as well as their subsequent recovery and the neutralization of effluents. Leaching stages were experimentally evaluated in a laboratory scale through a three-step experimental design. Each stage evaluated one independent variable on two levels and its effect on reagent consumption and gold or rare earths extraction. The first step considered gold extraction through thiourea leaching with ferric sulfate as oxidizing agent in an equivalent molar proportion to thiourea. The second step evaluated the inclusion of a hydrochloric acid leaching stage at 80°C before gold leaching. Finally, the third experimental step included a pretreatment at 80°C with potassium hydroxide before the other two stages. According to experimental results, rare earth extraction was too low to consider it further, while thiourea leaching achieved 86.8% of gold extraction after 1 hour, using a thiourea concentration of 8 g/L on a 40% solids slurry. Based on these results, the designed batch process included the following stages: thiourea leaching, sedimentation of solids, cementation of gold using zinc powder, effluent neutralization, and zinc dissolution with sulfuric acid to recover zinc-free, high purity solid gold. Reagent and energy requirements were estimated for 40 kg batches of tailings. Approximately 0.5 g of gold are obtained per batch. An economic assessment indicated that for a five-year projection on which 500 batches are processed yearly, the net present value of the project is $2555.37, and the internal rate of return is 27.2%. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the project can remain profitable if the capital expenditure and the cost of reagents are modified within a ±20% range, while the price of gold and the number of yearly batches can only be reduced by 7.5% and 11.4%, respectively