Estado del arte de pruebas de Bases de Datos para la migración y validación de datos

El objetivo principal de este proyecto de grado es la identificación de las pruebas de Bases de Datos para la Migración y Validación de Datos en el entorno de las tecnologías de información en Colombia en la actualidad; también se realizará un análisis comparativo con lo que están realizando a nivel internacional algunas de las empresas lideres y firmas consultoras que se encuentran involucradas en el tema de las bases de datos y la migración de datos -- Se inicia identificando en primera instancia los orígenes o razones por las cuales se llevan a cabo las migraciones de datos y los problemas a los cuales se enfrentan y las razones por las cuales se presentan dichos problemas -- El propósito es poder identificar de qué manera las pruebas para las migraciones y validaciones de datos pueden ayudar a reducir las probabilidades de ocurrencia de dichos problemas, para el beneficio no solo de proyecto como tal, sino de la empresa también -- De igual manera, se analizarán las herramientas empleadas y la influencia que pueden tener a la hora de realizar las pruebas -- Este proyecto no está orientado simplemente a la identificación de procesos y pruebas, sino también al reconocimiento de la importancia que los datos tienen para las decisiones en las organizaciones y el impacto que una buena calidad de los mismos tiene -- Por ello, también es importante identificar aspectos que rodean el tema, tales como los datos en primera instancia, las bases de datos, la migración y la validación, la calidad de datos y las prueba

Cognitive impairment acceleration after late-life depression in a model of Alzheimer´s disease

Background: Clinical studies suggest that depressive symptoms could be considered an important risk factor for the future development of cognitive impairment and even Alzheimer's disease (AD). In fact, there is a strong association between depression in later life and AD. The age of onset of AD has been shown to be accelerated in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with a history of depression, and women appear to be particularly more vulnerable to this condition. In addition, individuals with MCI who present with depressive symptoms have an elevated burden of amyloid-beta (Aβ), the main toxic protein associated with Alzheimer's pathology, and a higher risk of developing AD compared to non-depressed MCI patients. However, it is unknown whether depression can be considered a risk factor for the development of AD. Although it has been described that some transgenic models of AD can develop signs similar to depression in advanced stages, the induction of Alzheimer's pathology due to a depressive process has not been studied under experimental conditions to emulate late-life depression as a risk factor for AD. Method: In this study, we induced chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in P301S tau transgenic mice to determine whether depression is a cause, rather than a consequence, of the development of AD. Result: The results of our study indicate that the induction of CUMS in transgenic animals of the disease give rise to changes in depressive state of the animals. Conclusion: The findings generated in this project could provide evidence of depression as a risk factor for AD, its mechanisms of action, use as early biomarkers, as well as the discovery of new therapies for AD.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Brain and Behavior Research Foundation Fondos FEDER y Universidad de Málag

Late-life depression accelerates cognitive decline in a tauopathy mouse model

Background: Clinical studies suggest that depressive symptoms could be considered an important risk factor for the future development of cognitive impairment and even Alzheimer's disease (AD). In fact, there is a strong association between depression in later life and AD. The age of onset of AD has been shown to be accelerated in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with a history of depression, and women appear to be particularly more vulnerable to this condition. In addition, individuals with MCI who present depressive symptoms have an elevated burden of amyloid-beta, one of the featured toxic proteins associated with Alzheimer's pathology, and a higher risk of developing AD compared to non-depressed MCI patients. Although it has been described that some transgenic models of AD can develop signs similar to depression in advanced stages, it is unknown whether late-life depression can accelerate tau-associated pathology and, therefore, acting as a risk factor for AD. Method: In this study, we induced chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in P301S tau transgenic mice to determine whether depression is a cause, rather than a consequence, of the development of AD. Result: The results of our study indicate that the induction of CUMS in transgenic animals induces phenotypic changes related to a depressive state. Conclusion: The findings obtained after inducing late-life depression-like in P301S mice indicate that depression could be considered a risk factor for AD, by accelerating tau aggregation and worsening clinical signs.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Plant invasions are context-dependent: Multiscale effects of climate, human activity and habitat

ABSTRACT Aim Understanding the conditions that promote biological invasions is a critical step to developing successful management strategies. However, the level of invasion is affected by complex interactions among environmental factors that might change across habitats and regions making broad generalizations uninformative for management. We aimed to quantify the context-dependent association of climate and human activity at landscape scale (i.e. disturbance and propagule pressure) with the level of plant invasion at local scale across different stages of invasion, habitat types and bioclimatic regions. Location Mainland Spain. Methods Based on an extensive database of vegetation plots (~50,000), we used hierarchical Bayesian models to test how climate and human activity at a landscape scale (i.e. land-cover variables) are associated with establishment (i.e. presence) and dominance (i.e. relative species richness and abundance in invaded plots) of non-native plants across nine habitat types and three bioclimatic regions. Results The association of climate with establishment and dominance of nonnative plants varied depending on habitat type but not bioclimatic region. These associations also varied depending on the stage of invasion under consideration. Establishment of non-native species was more likely close to the coast, while their dominance increased in wet and warm continental areas. Human activity variables were associated with establishment and dominance similarly across bioclimatic regions. Non-native species establishment and abundance peaked in human-altered landscapes. Different habitats showed different susceptibilities to establishment versus dominance by non-native species (e.g. woodlands had medium levels of establishment, but very low dominance). Main conclusions This study highlights how complex interactions among climate, human activity and habitats can determine patterns of invasions across broad landscapes. Successful management of plant invasions will depend on understanding these context-dependent effects across habitats at the different stages of the invasion process

Amyloid-β reduces the expression of neuronal FAIM-L, thereby shifting the inflammatory response mediated by TNFα from neuronal protection to death

The brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a cytokine that has a dual function in neuronal cells. On one hand, TNFα can activate neuronal apoptosis, and on the other hand, it can protect these cells against amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity. Given the dual behavior of this molecule, there is some controversy regarding its contribution to the pathogenesis of AD. Here we examined the relevance of the long form of Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule (FAIM) protein, FAIM-L, in regulating the dual function of TNFα. We detected that FAIM-L was reduced in the hippocampi of patients with AD. We also observed that the entorhinal and hippocampal cortex of a mouse model of AD (PS1M146LxAPP751sl) showed a reduction in this protein before the onset of neurodegeneration. Notably, cultured neurons treated with the cortical soluble fractions of these animals showed a decrease in endogenous FAIM-L, an effect that is mimicked by the treatment with Aβ-derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs). The reduction in the expression of FAIM-L is associated with the progression of the neurodegeneration by changing the inflammatory response mediated by TNFα in neurons. In this sense, we also demonstrate that the protection afforded by TNFα against Aβ toxicity ceases when endogenous FAIM-L is reduced by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or by treatment with ADDLs. All together, these results support the notion that levels of FAIM-L contribute to determine the protective or deleterious effect of TNFα in neuronal cell

Late-life depression accelerates cognitive impairment and tau-associated pathology in an Alzheimer´s disease model.

Clinical studies suggest that depression could be considered an important risk factor for the future development of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In fact, there is a strong association between late-life depression and AD. The age of AD onset has been shown to be accelerated in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with a history of depression, and women appear to be particularly more vulnerable to this condition. In addition, individuals with MCI who present depressive symptoms have an elevated burden of amyloid-beta (Aβ), the main toxic protein associated with Alzheimer's pathology, and a higher risk of developing AD compared to non-depressed MCI patients. Although it has been described that some transgenic models of AD can develop signs similar to depression in advanced stages, the induction of Alzheimer's pathology due to a depressive process has not been studied under experimental conditions to emulate late-life depression as a risk factor for AD. In this study, we induced chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in P301S tau transgenic mice to determine whether depression is a cause, rather than a consequence, of the development of AD pathology. Our results suggest that transgenic tau mice subjected to CUMS seem to develop a depressive state. This animals display enhanced cognitive impairment compared to controls. In addition, histological studies show increased tau deposition, suggesting that late-life depression could worse AD progression by accelerating tau aggregation and worsening clinical signs. The findings generated in this project could provide evidence of depression as a risk factor for AD, providing new insights on molecular mechanisms involved in AD onset and progression.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Regulation of neuronal energy metabolism by calcium: role of MCU and aralar/malate-aspartate shuttle

Calcium is a major regulator of cellular metabolism. Calcium controls mitochondrial respiration, and calcium signaling is used to meet cellular energetic demands through energy production in the organelle. Although it has been widely assumed that Ca2+-actions require its uptake by mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), alternative pathways modulated by cytosolic Ca2+ have been recently proposed. Recent findings have indicated a role for cytosolic Ca2+ signals acting on mitochondrial NADH shuttles in the control of cellular metabolism in neurons using glucose as fuel. It has been demonstrated that AGC1/Aralar, the component of the malate/aspartate shuttle (MAS) regulated by cytosolic Ca2+, participates in the maintenance of basal respiration exerted through Ca2+-fluxes between ER and mitochondria, whereas mitochondrial Ca2+-uptake by MCU does not contribute. Aralar/MAS pathway, activated by small cytosolic Ca2+ signals, provides in fact substrates, redox equivalents and pyruvate, fueling respiration. Upon activation and increases in workload, neurons upregulate OxPhos, cytosolic pyruvate production and glycolysis, together with glucose uptake, in a Ca2+-dependent way, and part of this upregulation is via Ca2+ signaling. Both MCU and Aralar/MAS contribute to OxPhos upregulation, Aralar/MAS playing a major role, especially at small and submaximal workloads. Ca2+ activation of Aralar/MAS, by increasing cytosolic NAD+/NADH provides Ca2+-dependent increases in glycolysis and cytosolic pyruvate production priming respiration as a feed-forward mechanism in response to workload. Thus, except for glucose uptake, these processes are dependent on Aralar/MAS, whereas MCU is the relevant target for Ca2+ signaling when MAS is bypassed, by using pyruvate or β-hydroxybutyrate as substrate

Interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en Latinoamérica, superando barreras

Introducción: el embarazo no planeado o no intencional y el aborto son situaciones que afectan la vida de mujeres a nivel mundial, sin distinción de etnia, edad, riqueza, o ubicación geográfica, sin embargo, tiene una mayor posibilidad de presentarse y generar consecuencias negativas en mujeres con ciertas determinantes sociales. Objetivo: mostrar el estado actual de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en países de Latinoamérica y del Caribe con énfasis en el reciente avance de la legislación argentina sucedido durante diciembre del 2020. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda no estructurada de información sobre la legislación del aborto en países de Latinoamérica y del Caribe y se hizo una revisión de tema sobre aspectos actuales y relevantes de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Conclusiones: es necesario que prestadores de servicios de salud y sociedad latinoamericana repasen las lecciones aprendidas de diferentes países sobre las consecuencias negativas para la salud de las mujeres y sus familias debido a las restricciones para acceder al aborto seguro. El mejoramiento de la calidad y las capacidades de los sistemas desalud en los países de bajos y medianos recursos, con mayor inversión e investigación en temas de salud sexual y reproductiva, resultará en la eliminación de barreras e inequidades en la prestación de atención médica a las mujeres, respetando sus derechos y autonomía.Introducción: el embarazo no planeado o no intencional y el aborto son situaciones que afectan la vida de mujeres a nivel mundial, sin distinción de etnia, edad, riqueza, o ubicación geográfica, sin embargo, tiene una mayor posibilidad de presentarse y generar consecuencias negativas en mujeres con ciertas determinantes sociales. Objetivo: mostrar el estado actual de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en países de Latinoamérica y del Caribe con énfasis en el reciente avance de la legislación argentina sucedido durante diciembre del 2020. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda no estructurada de información sobre la legislación del aborto en países de Latinoamérica y del Caribe y se hizo una revisión de tema sobre aspectos actuales y relevantes de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. Conclusiones: es necesario que prestadores de servicios de salud y sociedad latinoamericana repasen las lecciones aprendidas de diferentes países sobre las consecuencias negativas para la salud de las mujeres y sus familias debido a las restricciones para acceder al aborto seguro. El mejoramiento de la calidad y las capacidades de los sistemas desalud en los países de bajos y medianos recursos, con mayor inversión e investigación en temas de salud sexual y reproductiva, resultará en la eliminación de barreras e inequidades en la prestación de atención médica a las mujeres, respetando sus derechos y autonomía.Introduction: Unplanned or unintended pregnancy and abortion are situations that affect the lives of womenworldwide without distinction of ethnicity, age, economic level, or geographical location. However, they have a greater probability of occurring and negative consequences in women with certain social determinants. Objective: Our main objective is to show the current state of the Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy in Latin American and Caribbean countries with special emphasis on the recent advance of the legislation of Argentina that occurred last December. Methodology: An unstructured search for information about Abortion Legislation in Latin American and Caribbean countries was carried out and a subject revision on current and relevant aspects of Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy was made. Conclusions: It is necessary that as Health Service providers and as a Latin American Society, we review the lessons learned from different countries about the negative consequences on the health of women and their families due to the restrictions for accessing legal abortions. Improving the quality and capacity of the health system in low- and middle- income countries, in addition to greater investment and research in sexual and reproductive health issues, will derive a removal of barriers and inequity related to the provision of medical attention for women while respecting their rights and autonomy

A Descriptive Analysis of ATTR Amyloidosis in Spain from the Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey.

Introduction Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR amyloidosis) is a clinically heterogeneous disease caused by mutations in the transthyretin (TTR) gene or aggregation of wild-type transthyretin (ATTRwt). In Spain, there are two large endemic foci of ATTR amyloidosis caused by the Val30Met variant, with additional cases across the country; however, these data may be incomplete, as there is no centralized patient registry. The Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS) is an ongoing, global, longitudinal, observational survey of patients with ATTR amyloidosis, including both inherited and wild-type disease, and asymptomatic patients with TTR mutations. This analysis aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the clinical profile of patients with ATTR amyloidosis in Spain. Methods This was a descriptive analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics of symptomatic patients enrolled at six sites geographically dispersed throughout Spain (data cutoff: January 6, 2020). Patient data at enrollment, including genotype, demographics, and clinical presentation for symptomatic patients, were recorded. Patients were grouped by predominant phenotype based on clinical measures at enrollment: predominantly cardiac, predominantly neurologic, or mixed (cardiac and neurologic). Results There were 379 patients (58.0% male; 63.3% symptomatic) enrolled in the six THAOS sites in Spain. Predominant genotypes were the Val30Met mutation (69.1%) or ATTRwt (15.6%). Predominant phenotype distribution was neurologic (50.4%), mixed (35.8%), and cardiac (13.8%) for all symptomatic patients (n = 240); neurologic (67.8%), mixed (21.2%), and cardiac (11.0%) for symptomatic Val30Met (n = 146); and mixed (64.9%), cardiac (22.8%), and neurologic (12.3%) for symptomatic ATTRwt (n = 57). Symptomatic patients reported a range of ATTR amyloidosis signs and symptoms at enrollment, with autonomic neuropathy and sensory neuropathy common in all phenotypes. Conclusions These results from THAOS highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity associated with ATTR amyloidosis in Spain and the importance of comprehensive neurologic and cardiac evaluations in all patients with ATTR amyloidosis.post-print392 K