CONTRADIÇÕES DA GARANTIA DO EMPREGO: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES DE GÊNERO ESTABELECIDAS ENTRE MULHERES E SEU TRABALHO NA ENFERMAGEM

This study investigated the conceptions of female nurses about the imbrications between gender attributions and aspects of the organization of their work, in the context of the precariousness of the global work and employment relationships.  This study was conducted at a public maternity hospital located in São Paulo – Brazil and was based on a qualitative approach. Data was gathered by ethnography and 10 in-depth interviews. The data collection was organized into two kinds of databases: ‘Field Journals’ and ‘Interviews Database’, which were analyzed by  ‘Triangulation Method’ according to the conceptual framework of hermeneutical referential. Female nurses were in charge to provide financially for the family since they had the ‘stable job’ at the house (being public servants) whereas their partners worked under contract. Those women had to conciliate the shift work with housework and motherhood. Their resting time was reduced, mainly the night workers and they complained about social loss related to the shift schedule. Thus, despite having the guarantee of employment, the burden of the precarious global labor market that subjugates their partners fell on these women's shoulders  and  had negative impacts on their physical and mental health.Neste estudo investigaram-se as concepções de trabalhadoras da enfermagem de uma maternidade pública paulistana sobre as consequências dos imbricamentos entre atribuições de gênero e a precarização das relações de trabalho. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa, com observações etnográficas e entrevistas em profundidade, produzindo ‘Diários de Campo’ e ‘Banco de Narrativas’, analisados pela técnica de triangulação de métodos, sob referencial hermenêutico-filosófico. As trabalhadoras explicitaram ocupar a posição de ‘chefe de família’, com responsabilidade de provimento do lar. Elas eram detentoras do vínculo de trabalho seguro (funcionárias públicas) e ganhavam mais que seus parceiros: eles eram celetistas ou tinham contrato informal de trabalho. Elas relataram a necessidade de conciliação dos turnos de trabalho com tarefas domésticas e cuidado dos filhos. O tempo para descanso era reduzido, principalmente para as do turno noturno, e todas referiram perdas sociais por causa dos plantões. Apesar de possuírem a garantia do emprego, o ônus das relações precarizadas do mercado de trabalho brasileiro a que estavam submetidos seus parceiros recaiam sobre essas mulheres, com impactos negativos para sua saúde física e mental

Impact of COVID-19 In-hospital Mortality in Chagas Disease Patients

The COVID-19 virus infection caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, in March 2020. Until the end of 2021, 504,399 COVID-19 cases were confirmed in RJ, and the total death toll reached 68,347. The Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases from Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (INI-Fiocruz) is a referral center for treatment and research of several infectious diseases, including COVID-19 and Chagas disease (CD). The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on in-hospital mortality of patients with CD during the COVID-19 pandemic period. This observational, retrospective, longitudinal study evaluated all patients with CD hospitalized at INI-Fiocruz from May 1, 2020, to November 30, 2021. One hundred ten hospitalizations from 81 patients with CD (58% women; 68 ± 11 years) were evaluated. Death was the study's main outcome, which occurred in 20 cases. The mixed-effects logistic regression was performed with the following variables to test whether patients admitted to the hospital with a COVID-19 diagnosis would be more likely to die than those admitted with other diagnoses: admission diagnosis, sex, age, COVID-19 vaccination status, CD clinical classification, and the number of comorbidities. Results from multiple logistic regression analysis showed a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (OR 6.37; 95% CI 1.78–22.86) compared to other causes of admissions. In conclusion, COVID-19 infection had a significant impact on the mortality risk of INI-Fiocruz CD patients, accounting for one-third of deaths overall. COVID-19 presented the highest percentage of death significantly higher than those admitted due to other causes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Equity, diversity and working hours: Challenges and solutions

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-10-03T12:34:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuciaRotenberg_IOC_2004.pdf: 35119 bytes, checksum: 9a09dd69a4317ac97c84faaaeefe1eb4 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2019-10-03T12:45:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LuciaRotenberg_IOC_2004.pdf: 35119 bytes, checksum: 9a09dd69a4317ac97c84faaaeefe1eb4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-03T12:45:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuciaRotenberg_IOC_2004.pdf: 35119 bytes, checksum: 9a09dd69a4317ac97c84faaaeefe1eb4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004University of Sydney. Sydney, Australia.Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.This special issue is devoted to a refereed and edited selection of papers presented at the XVIth International Symposium on Night and Shiftwork held in Santos, Brazil, in November 2003. The journal Chronobiology International has also an issue (volume 21, n. 6, 2004) dedicated to that Symposium. Held every two years, these symposia are organised under the auspices of the Working Time Society and the Scientific Committee on Shiftwork of the International Commission on Occupational Health (http://time.iguw.tuwien.ac.at/index.htm)

Fatores associados à capacidade para o trabalho e percepção de fadiga em trabalhadores de enfermagem da Amazônia ocidental Factors associated with work ability and perception of fatigue among nursing personnel from Amazonia

OBJETIVO: Analisar os fatores associados à capacidade inadequada para o trabalho e à percepção de fadiga entre os profissionais de enfermagem. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal desenvolvido com 272 trabalhadores em um hospital de urgência e emergência de Rio Branco/Acre. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos, condições de trabalho e estilo de vida; Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho - ICT; e Questionário de Percepção de Fadiga. Para análise dos fatores associados à capacidade inadequada para o trabalho e à percepção de fadiga elevada foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson bivariada e múltipla. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de capacidade inadequada para o trabalho foi de 40,8%, tendo como fatores associados: sexo feminino (RP = 1,84; IC95% 1,06 - 3,18); referir outro vínculo empregatício (RP = 1,71; 1,25 - 2,35); número de funcionários insuficiente (RP = 1,96; 1,10 - 3,47); tarefas repetitivas e monótonas (RP = 1,84; 1,24 - 2,72); três ou mais morbidades sem diagnóstico médico (RP = 1,48; 1,06 - 2,06); fadiga elevada (RP = 2,37; 1,81 - 3,12). A prevalência de fadiga elevada foi de 25,7% e os fatores associados foram: tarefas repetitivas e monótonas (RP = 1,74; 1,00 - 3,03); referir de três a cinco morbidades com diagnóstico médico (RP = 1,98; 1,00 - 3,11) e seis ou mais morbidades (RP = 3,79; 2,04 - 7,03), segundo a auto-avaliação do profissional. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo evidencia que grande parte população estudada apresenta capacidade inadequada para o trabalho e níveis elevados de fadiga, apontando para a necessidade de intervenções no plano individual (condições de vida) e no ambiente de trabalho, principalmente no que tange aos aspectos organizacionais.<br>OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with inadequate work ability and perceived fatigue among nursing professionals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 272 nursing personnel at an emergency hospital in Rio Branco/State of Acre, Brazil. Data collection was performed using the following instruments: questionnaire on sociodemographic data, working conditions and life styles; the Work Ability Index - WAI, and a questionnaire on perceived fatigue. Bivariate and multiple Poisson regression was used in the analysis of factors associated with work ability and perceived fatigue. RESULTS: The prevalence of inadequate work ability was 40.8% and presented the following associated factors: female sex (RP = 1.84; 95% CI 1.06 - 3.18); refering: other job commitment (RP = 1.71; 1.25 - 2.35); understaffing (RP = 1.96; 1.10 - 3.47); repetitive and monotonous tasks (RP = 1.84; 1.24 - 2.72); reporting three or more clinically undiagnosed morbidities (RP = 1.48; 1.06 - 2.06); excessive reported fatigue (RP = 2.37; 1.81 - 3.12). The prevalence of severe fatigue was 25.7% and the associated factors were: repetitive and monotonous tasks (RP = 1.74; 1.00 - 3.03); reporting three to five clinically-diagnosed morbidities (RP = 1.98; 1.00 - 3.11) and six or more self-reported morbidities (RP = 3.79; 2.04 - 7.03). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that most of the studied population showed reduced work ability and high levels of fatigue. These results point toward the need for interventions on an individual level (such as life conditions) and workplace improvements, looking jointly at the organizational aspects and work environment, particularly organizational aspects