Viabilidade econômica da agroindústria familiar rural de frutas na zona da mata mineira

The called Rural Familiar Agroindustry aims at, over all, the production of value of exchange which takes place in the commercialization. From the presuppose that exists an important pass between the agricultural production and its draining, the article brings an analysis of the economic viability of the rural familiar agroindustry, bringing as case study a typical agroindustry of candies of fruits in the Zona da Mata Mineira region. By the elaboration of the box flow of the project, a sensibility analysis and a risk analysis by the Mont Carlo simulation method were realized. The joined results were favorable to the stimulation to the implantation in a bigger scale, with public policies, of projects as the studied one, as a proposal of regional development.Risk analysis, Familiar agriculture, Fruit agroindustry, Risk and Uncertainty,

Às amadoras e amantes das ciências

A partir de reflexões sobre objetividade nos estudos feministas, argumentamos, neste ensaio, para a importância de se reativar práticas de atenção e políticas de afeto que se abrem para o maravilhamento, o espanto e outros tipos de afetações acionados na produção do conhecimento científico. Nos referimos às amadoras e amantes para aludir a um certo modo de cientistas se colocarem em relação com o mundo e as ciências. Os interesses das amantes das ciências são diferentes daqueles que produzem a objetividade moderna, voltam-se a saberes localizados e para o maravilhamento, abrem-se para a multiplicidade e para a construção de outros afetos, corpos, agenciamentos e subjetividades nos encontros com humanos e não-humanos; e na constituição de saberes situados

Às amadoras e amantes das ciências

Based on reflections on objectivity in feminist studies, we argue, in this essay, for the importance of reactivating attention practices and affective policies that open up to wonder, awe and other types of affectations triggered in the production of scientific knowledge. We refer to amateurs and lovers to allude to a certain way in which scientists put themselves in relationship with the world and the sciences. The interest of science lovers is different from that which produce modern objectivity, they turn to localized knowledge and wonder, open themselves to multiplicity and to the construction of other affections, bodies, agencies and subjectivities in encounters with humans and non-humans and in the constitution of situated knowledge.A partir de reflexiones sobre la objetividad en los estudios feministas, defendemos, en este ensayo, la importancia de reactivar las prácticas de cuidado y las políticas afectivas que se abren al maravillarse, el asombro y otro tipo de afectaciones desencadenadas en la producción de conocimiento científico. Nos referimos a aficionados y amantes para aludir a una cierta forma en que los científicos se relacionan con el mundo y las ciencias. El interés de los amantes de la ciencia es diferente al que produce la objetividad moderna, se vuelven hacia el conocimiento localizados y al maravillarse, abriéndose a la multiplicidad ya la construcción de otros afectos, cuerpos, agencias y subjetividades en los encuentros con humanos y no-humanos; y en la constitución del conocimiento situado.A partir de reflexões sobre objetividade nos estudos feministas, argumentamos, neste ensaio, para a importância de se reativar práticas de atenção e políticas de afeto que se abrem para o maravilhamento, o espanto e outros tipos de afetações acionados na produção do conhecimento científico. Nos referimos às amadoras e amantes para aludir a um certo modo de cientistas se colocarem em relação com o mundo e as ciências. Os interesses das amantes das ciências são diferentes daqueles que produzem a objetividade moderna, voltam-se a saberes localizados e para o maravilhamento, abrem-se para a multiplicidade e para a construção de outros afetos, corpos, agenciamentos e subjetividades nos encontros com humanos e não-humanos; e na constituição de saberes situados

Influência da prática de atividade física em acadêmicos do curso de Medicina

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o nível de atividade física de acadêmicos de Medicina e comparar com o gênero, a idade e o tempo de graduação. Além disso, verificar a associação da prática de atividade física durante a infância com o estilo de vida atual dos acadêmicos. Cento e sessenta e seis indivíduos foram submetidos a aplicação de um Questionário Sociodemográfico e ao Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Os indivíduos foram categorizados em grupo ativo e sedentário. Foi realizado uma estratificação para verificar se as variáveis gênero, idade e tempo de graduação teriam influência para a prática de atividade física. Foi aplicado um questionário para verificar se os acadêmicos praticaram algum tipo de atividade física durante a infância, por pelo menos dois anos consecutivos. Na amostra avaliada 80,7% foram classificados como ativos ou muito ativos. Ao estratificarmos os acadêmicos pelo gênero, idade e períodos cursados foram verificados que em todas ocorreram diferenças significativas (p≤0,05) quando comparamos o grupo ativo vs. sedentário. Todavia, não foram encontradas associações entre a prática de atividade física na infância e na idade adulta. A amostra avaliada foi classificada como ativa em relação ao nível de atividade física independente do gênero, idade ou tempo de graduação. Desta forma, a atividade física deve ser estimulada para que os acadêmicos se beneficiem com a manutenção da saúde e qualidade de vida durante o período da graduação e ao longo da vida

Tachykinin receptors antagonism for asthma: a systematic review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Tachykinins substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B seem to account for asthma pathophysiology by mediating neurogenic inflammation and several aspects of lung mechanics. These neuropeptides act mainly by their receptors NK1, NK2 and NK3, respectively which may be targets for new asthma therapy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This review systematically examines randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of tachykinins receptors antagonism on asthma. Symptoms, airway inflammation, lung function and airway inflammation were considered as outcomes. We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Specialized Register of Asthma Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE. The search is as current as June 2010. Quality rating of included studies followed the Cochrane Collaboration and GRADE Profiler approaches. However, data were not pooled together due to different measures among the studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our systematic review showed the potential of NK receptor antagonist to decrease airway responsiveness and to improve lung function. However, effects on airway inflammation and asthma symptoms were poorly or not described.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The limited available evidence suggests that tachykinin receptors antagonists may decrease airway responsiveness and improve lung function in patients with asthma. Further large randomized trials are still required.</p

Zumbido e intolerância a sons : evidência e experiência de um grupo brasileiro

Introdução Zumbido e intolerância a sons são queixas frequentes e subjetivas que podem ter impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente. Objetivo Apresentar uma revisão dos principais pontos, inclusive conceitos, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e abordagem do paciente com zumbido e sensibilidade a sons. Método Revisão da literatura com levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados da LILACS, SciELO, Pubmed e MEDLINE. Foram selecionados artigos e capítulos de livros sobre zumbido e sensibilidade a sons. Os diversos tópicos foram discutidos por um grupo de profissionais brasileiros e as conclusões, descritas. Resultado A prevalência de zumbido tem aumentado ao longo dos anos, muitas vezes associado a perda auditiva, fatores metabólicos e erros alimentares. A avaliação médica deve ser feita minuciosamente no sentido de orientar a solicitação de exames subsidiários. Os tratamentos disponíveis atualmente variam de medicamentos ao uso de sons com características específicas e técnicas de meditação, com resultados variáveis. Conclusão Foi apresentada uma revisão sobre os temas que permitindo ao leitor uma visão ampla da abordagem dos pacientes com zumbido e sensibilidade auditiva baseada em evidências científicas e experiência nacional.Introduction Tinnitus and sound intolerance are frequent and subjective complaints that may have an impact on a patient's quality of life. Objective To present a review of the salient points including concepts, pathophysiology, diagnosis and approach of the patient with tinnitus and sensitivity to sounds. Methods Literature review with bibliographic survey in LILACS, SciELO, Pubmed and MEDLINE database. Articles and book chapters on tinnitus and sound sensitivity were selected. The several topics were discussed by a group of Brazilian professionals and the conclusions were described. Results The prevalence of tinnitus has increased over the years, often associated with hearing loss, metabolic factors and inadequate diet. Medical evaluation should be performed carefully to guide the request of subsidiary exams. Currently available treatments range from medications to the use of sounds with specific characteristics and meditation techniques, with variable results. Conclusion A review on tinnitus and auditory sensitivity was presented, allowing the reader a broad view of the approach to these patients, based on scientific evidence and national experience

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ