La rehabilitación de Ciudad de los Ángeles en Madrid. Mejorar la habitabilidad de un barrio de 1950 con criterios de eficiencia energética

Regeneración urbana, habitabilidad, rehabilitación, eficiencia energética, calidad ambienta

Inversión, infraestructuras e imagen en la producción del espacio de centralidad en Madrid

The two last decades have consolidated a type of urban construction based on the great investment of the collective surplus value in the whole city, pursuing the exclusivity of the city or, also, in one of its areas. As a consequence, local institutions supported the lost of its economic capacity. The investment in the urban centre has not expected one social or territorial balance, aggravating the dispossession of popular classes and producing a fetish space around the consumption. Madrid has supported, in its physical space, a great accumulation of collective surplus value, in the form of infrastructures and operations about the urban scene, that have increased the local debt. Also, these surplus value have contributed to the consolidation of the excellence and prestige discourse of the urban centre. The city has been transformed into the show window of a space produced for the merchandise and capital change. The investment allows the reproduction of the globalisation ways of life, which are based on the appearance and the prestige of the social mobility.Las dos últimas décadas han consolidado un modelo de construcción urbana basado en la fuerte inversión de las plusvalías colectivas en la ciudad persiguiendo la exclusividad de la ciudad o una parte de ella, con la consiguiente pérdida de capacidad económica de las instituciones locales. Las inversiones en la centralidad no han supuesto un equilibrio social ni territorial, agudizando la desposesión de las capas populares y produciendo un espacio fetiche en torno al consumo. Madrid ha soportado en su espacio físico una fuerte acumulación de plusvalías colectivas en forma de infraestructuras e intervenciones sobre la escena urbana que han supuesto un incremento del endeudamiento municipal y han contribuido a la consolidación del discurso de la excelencia y el prestigio de la centralidad urbana. Ésta se ha convertido en el escaparate de un espacio producido para el intercambio de mercancías y capital. La inversión permite reproducir estilos de vida propios de la globalización y basados en la imagen y el prestigio del ascenso social

La imagen en el cuerpo urbano. La transformación de Madrid hacia el consumo

El neoliberalismo ha supuesto una transformación en la conceptualización de las clases sociales y una reconfiguración de las relaciones entre ellas. En tal sentido, ha emprendido un cambio en los centros urbanos, intensificando su uso comercial y turístico a partir de la inversión pública en la imagen de la ciudad. En Madrid, entre los años 1998 y 2007, de hegemonía neoliberal, se ha invertido, precisamente, en proyectos que han cambiado la escena urbana, reforzando el carácter fetichista del espacio y fomentando, con ello, el reforzamiento de los valores de excelencia y prestigio social. A partir del análisis de la inversión pública en proyectos de escena urbana, se procede a estudiar aquí los efectos que las peatonalizaciones y semipeatonalizaciones han tenido en la conceptualización del centro de Madrid, en los años de máxima expansión neoliberal.Neoliberalism has meant a transformation in the conceptualization of social classes and a reconfiguration of the relationships between them. In this sense, it has produced a change in urban centers by intensifying their commercial and tourist uses through public investment in the image of cities. In Madrid, between the years 1998 and 2007 -a period of neoliberal hegemony- investments were made in projects that changed the urban scene by reinforcing the fetishistic character of the space and at the same time reinforcing the values of excellence and social prestige.  Based on an analysis of public investment in urban scene projects, this research studied the effects that pedestrianization and semipedestrianization projects have had on the conceptualization of the center of Madrid during the years of greatest neoliberal expansion

The “Almendra Central” of Madrid, space for social normalization

Los centros de las ciudades han transformado sus características y sus relaciones para convertirse en espacios donde impera la fantasmagoría de la mercancía en un pronunciado sentido de control social. La mercancía impera en las relaciones sociales que se dan entre los individuos y esto se traduce en una morfología urbana capaz de producir espacios para el control social a partir de la identificación con los valores hegemónicos. La ciudad de Madrid no es indiferente a esto y a lo largo de dos décadas ha ido produciendo un espacio de centralidad que ha contribuido decisivamente a hegemonizar un discurso de prestigio y normalización. De esta manera, la Almendra Central ha dejado de ser el espacio de conflicto entre diferentes clases sociales, para convertirse en un espacio de normalización desde donde las clases dominantes puede ejercer el control y el poder sobre el resto de clases, inconscientemente dominadas.The centres of the cities have transformed their characteristics and relationships to converting them in spaces where prevail the “phantasmagoria” of the commodities in an accentuated sense of social control. The commodities prevail in the social relationships between the persons and this is translated as an urban morphology capable of produce spaces for the social control starting from the identification with de hegemonies values. The city of Madrid has not been indifferent to these processes and along two last decades has produced one type of central space that it has decisive collaborated on the hegemony of the prestige and standardization speech. In this way, the “Almendra Central” is not more the space of conflict between different social classes, but now is the space for normalization from where the ruling class can executes the control and power over the others classes, these unconsciously dominated

Design of new resonant haloscopes in the search for the dark matter axion: A review of the first steps in the RADES collaboration

With the increasing interest in dark matter axion detection through haloscopes, in which different international groups are currently involved, the RADES group was established in 2016 with the goal of developing very sensitive detection systems to be operated in dipole magnets. This review deals with the work developed by this collaboration during its first five years: from the first designs—based on the multi-cavity concept, aiming to increase the haloscope volume, and thereby improve sensitivity—to their evolution, data acquisition design, and finally, the first experimental run. Moreover, the envisaged work within RADES for both dipole and solenoid magnets in the short and medium term is also presented.This work has been funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under projects FPA-2016-76978-C3-2-P (supported by the grant FPI BES-2017-079787) and PID2019-108122GB-C33, and was supported by the CERN Doctoral Studentship programme. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under grant ERC-2018-StG-802836 (AxScale project). IGI acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant ERC-2017-AdG-788781 (IAXO+ project)

Scalable haloscopes for axion dark matter detection in the 30 µeV range with RADES

RADES (Relic Axion Detector Exploratory Setup) is a project with the goal of directly searching for axion dark matter above the 30μeV scale employing custom-made microwave filters in magnetic dipole fields. Currently RADES is taking data at the LHC dipole of the CAST experiment. In the long term, the RADES cavities are envisioned to take data in the BabyIAXO magnet. In this article we report on the modelling, building and characterisation of an optimised microwave-filter design with alternating irises that exploits maximal coupling to axions while being scalable in length without suffering from mode-mixing. We develop the mathematical formalism and theoretical study which justifies the performance of the chosen design. We also point towards the applicability of this formalism to optimise the MADMAX dielectric haloscopes.We thank Ciaran O’Hare for his generous and publicly available compilation of axion bounds https://github.com/cajohare /AxionLimits/. This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad – Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under project FPA-2016-76978, and was supported by the CERN Doctoral Studentship programme. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council and BD, JG and SAC acknowledge support through the European Research Council under grant ERC-2018-StG-802836 (AxScale project). IGI acknowledges also support from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant ERC-2017-AdG-788781 (IAXO+ project). JR has been supported by the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship 2012-10597, the grant PGC2018-095328-B-I00(FEDER/Agencia estatal de investigaci´on) and FSE-DGA2017-2019-E12/7R (Gobierno de Aragón/FEDER) (MINECO/FEDER), the EU through the ITN “Elusives” H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015/674896 and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant SFB-1258 as a Mercator Fellow. CPG was supported by PROMETEO II/2014/050 of Generalitat Valenciana, FPA2014-57816-P of MINECO and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements 690575 and 674896. AM is supported by the European Research Council under Grant No. 742104. We wish also to thank our colleagues at CAST and at CERN, in particular Marc Thiebert from the coating lab, Sergio Calatroni for many useful discussions, as well as the whole team of the CERN Central Cryogenic Laboratory for their support and advice in specific aspects of the project

First results of the CAST-RADES haloscope search for axions at 34.67 μeV

et al.We present results of the Relic Axion Dark-Matter Exploratory Setup (RADES), a detector which is part of the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST), searching for axion dark matter in the 34.67 μeV mass range. A radio frequency cavity consisting of 5 sub-cavities coupled by inductive irises took physics data inside the CAST dipole magnet for the first time using this filter-like haloscope geometry. An exclusion limit with a 95% credibility level on the axion-photon coupling constant of gaγ ≳ 4 × 10−13 GeV−1 over a mass range of 34.6738 μeV < ma < 34.6771 μeV is set. This constitutes a significant improvement over the current strongest limit set by CAST at this mass and is at the same time one of the most sensitive direct searches for an axion dark matter candidate above the mass of 25 μeV. The results also demonstrate the feasibility of exploring a wider mass range around the value probed by CAST-RADES in this work using similar coherent resonant cavities.Article funded by SCOAP3.This work has been funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under project FPA-2016-76978-C3-2-P (supported by the grant FPI BES-2017-079787) and PID2019-108122GB-C33, and was supported by the CERN Doctoral Studentship programme. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council and BD, JG and SAC acknowledge support through the European Research Council under grant ERC-2018-StG-802836 (AxScale project). BD also acknowledges fruitful discussions at MIAPP supported by DFG under EXC-2094 – 390783311. IGI acknowledges also support from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant ERC-2017-AdG-788781 (IAXO+ project). JR has been supported by the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship 2012-10597, the grant PGC2018-095328-BI00(FEDER/Agencia estatal de investigación) and FSE-DGA2017-2019-E12/7R (Gobierno de Aragón/FEDER) (MINECO/FEDER), the EU through the ITN “Elusives” H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015/674896 and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant SFB-1258 as a Mercator Fellow. CPG was supported by PROMETEO II/2014/050 of Generalitat Valenciana, FPA2014-57816-P of MINECO and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements 690575 and 674896. AM is supported by the European Research Council under Grant No. 742104.Peer reviewe

Wide-band full-wave electromagnetic modal analysis of the coupling between dark-matter axions and photons in microwave resonators

The electromagnetic coupling axion–photon in a microwave cavity is revisited with the Boundary Integral-Resonant Mode Expansion (BI-RME) 3D technique. Such full-wave modal technique has been applied for the rigorous analysis of the excitation of a microwave cavity with an axion field. In this scenario, the electromagnetic field generated by the axion–photon coupling can be assumed to be driven by equivalent electrical charge and current densities. These densities have been inserted in the general BI-RME 3D equations, which express the RF electromagnetic field existing within a cavity as an integral involving the Dyadic Green’s functions of the cavity (under Coulomb gauge) as well as such densities. This method is able to take into account any arbitrary spatial and temporal variation of both magnitude and phase of the axion field. Next, we have obtained a simple network driven by the axion current source, which represents the coupling between the axion field and the resonant modes of the cavity. With this approach, it is possible to calculate the extracted and dissipated RF power as a function of frequency along a broad band and without Cauchy–Lorentz approximations, obtaining the spectrum of the electromagnetic field generated in the cavity, and dealing with modes relatively close to the axion resonant mode. Moreover, with this technique we have a complete knowledge of the signal extracted from the cavity, not only in magnitude but also in phase. This can be an interesting issue for future analysis where the axion phase is an important parameter.This work is part of the project PID2019-108122GB-C33 and the grant FPI BES-2017-079787 (under project FPA-2016-76978-C3-2-P), both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe. JG acknowledges support through the European Research Council under grant ERC-2018-StG-802836 (AxScale project).Peer reviewe

First results of the CAST-RADES haloscope search for axions at 34.67 μeV

We present results of the Relic Axion Dark-Matter Exploratory Setup (RADES), a detector which is part of the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST), searching for axion dark matter in the 34.67μeV mass range. A radio frequency cavity consisting of 5 sub-cavities coupled by inductive irises took physics data inside the CAST dipole magnet for the first time using this filter-like haloscope geometry. An exclusion limit with a 95% credibility level on the axion-photon coupling constant of gaγ & 4 × 10−13 GeV−1 over a mass range of 34.6738μeV < ma < 34.6771μeV is set. This constitutes a significant improvement over the current strongest limit set by CAST at this mass and is at the same time one of the most sensitive direct searches for an axion dark matter candidate above the mass of 25μeV. The results also demonstrate the feasibility of exploring a wider mass range around the value probed by CAST-RADES in this work using similar coherent resonant cavitiesWe wish to thank our colleagues at CERN, in particular Marc Thiebert from the coating lab, as well as the whole team of the CERN Central Cryogenic Laboratory for their support and advice in speci c aspects of the project. We thank Arefe Abghari for her contributions as the project's summer student during 2018. This work has been funded by the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) under project FPA-2016-76978-C3-2-P and PID2019-108122GB-C33, and was supported by the CERN Doctoral Studentship programme. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council and BD, JG and SAC acknowledge support through the European Research Council under grant ERC-2018-StG-802836 (AxScale project). BD also acknowledges fruitful discussions at MIAPP supported by DFG under EXC-2094 { 390783311. IGI acknowledges also support from the European Research Council (ERC) under grant ERC-2017-AdG-788781 (IAXO+ project). JR has been supported by the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship 2012-10597, the grant PGC2018-095328-B-I00(FEDER/Agencia estatal de investigaci on) and FSE-GA2017-2019-E12/7R (Gobierno de Aragón/FEDER) (MINECO/FEDER), the EU through the ITN \Elusives" H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015/674896 and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant SFB-1258 as a Mercator Fellow. CPG was supported by PROMETEO II/2014/050 of Generalitat Valenciana, FPA2014-57816-P of MINECO and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreements 690575 and 674896. AM is supported by the European Research Council under Grant No. 742104. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344

Running title: Non-toxic broad anti-tumor activity of an EGFR×4-1BB bispecific trimerbod

32 p.-4 fig.Purpose: The induction of 4-1BB signaling by agonistic antibodies can drive the activation and proliferation of effector T cells and thereby enhance a T-cell–mediated antitumor response. Systemic administration of anti-4-1BB–agonistic IgGs, although effective preclinically, has not advanced in clinical development due to their severe hepatotoxicity.Experimental Design: Here, we generated a humanized EGFR-specific 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbody, which replaces the IgG Fc region with a human collagen homotrimerization domain. It was characterized by structural analysis and in vitro functional studies. We also assessed pharmacokinetics, antitumor efficacy, and toxicity in vivo.Results: In the presence of a T-cell receptor signal, the trimerbody provided potent T-cell costimulation that was strictly dependent on 4-1BB hyperclustering at the point of contact with a tumor antigen-displaying cell surface. It exhibits significant antitumor activity in vivo, without hepatotoxicity, in a wide range of human tumors including colorectal and breast cancer cell-derived xenografts, and non–small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenografts associated with increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. The combination of the trimerbody with a PD-L1 blocker led to increased IFNγ secretion in vitro and resulted in tumor regression in humanized mice bearing aggressive triple-negative breast cancer.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the nontoxic broad antitumor activity of humanized Fc-free tumor-specific 4-1BB-agonistic trimerbodies and their synergy with checkpoint blockers, which may provide a way to elicit responses in most patients with cancer while avoiding Fc-mediated adverse reactions.This work was supported by grants from the European Union [IACT Project (602262), H2020-iNEXT (1676)]; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (SAF2017-89437-P, CTQ2017-83810-R, RTC-2016-5118-1, RTC-2017-5944-1), partially supported by the European Regional Development Fund; the Carlos III Health Institute (PI16/00357), co-founded by the Plan Nacional de Investigación and the European Union; the CRIS Cancer Foundation (FCRIS-IFI-2018); and the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC, 19084). C. Domínguez-Alonso was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (PRE2018-083445). M. Zonca was supported by the Torres Quevedo Program from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, co-founded by the European Social Fund (PTQ-16-08340).Peer reviewe