Atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à morte dos pacientes

Introduction: The dying process has historically shifted from family and home settings to healthcare professionals and hospital settings. Caring involves attitudes, knowledge and skills that should be acquired and honed through nursing training. Objective: To explore nursing staff attitudes who work in critical hospital departments when faced with the process of dying patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability convenience sampling, from which a final sample of 71 professional nurses who work in critical departments of higher-level specialty hospitals in Tabasco, Mexico was obtained. The CAM-2 Attitudes Towards Death instrument originally developed by Martin & Salovely was translated and applied. Results: The average age of nursing professionals participating in this study were 32.5 years (SD=7), of which 71.8% were women. 67.6% of nurses had an attitude of indifference to death and only 9.9% had a positive attitude. From an attitude of fear perspective, 46.5% of the nurses expressed that thinking about death causes them anxiety, while 39.4% considered the death of patients as something natural. Conclusions: Nursing staff feel indifferent to patient care when facing death. However, nurses believe that accepting their own death leads them to care more freely. How to cite this article: Morales Ramón Fabiola, Ramírez López Fabiola, Cruz León Aralucy, Arriaga Zamora Rosa Ma, Vicente Ruíz María Asunción, De la Cruz García Carmen, García Hernández Nallely. Actitudes del personal de enfermería ante la muerte de sus pacientes. Revista Cuidarte. 2021; 12(1): e1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1081    Introducción: El proceso de morir se ha desplazado a lo largo de la historia desde la familia y el hogar hasta los profesionales de salud y los hospitales. Cuidar demanda actitudes, conocimientos y destrezas que se deben adquirir y perfeccionarse durante la formación disciplinar. Objetivo: Explorar las actitudes que muestra el personal de enfermería que labora en áreas hospitalarias críticas ante el proceso de la muerte de pacientes. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, bajo un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia se obtuvo una muestra final de 71 enfermeras profesionales que laboran en áreas críticas de dos hospitales de alta especialidad en Tabasco, México. El instrumento utilizado fue “Actitudes ante la muerte” (CAM-2), traducido del original de Martin y Salovely. Resultados: Los profesionales de enfermería que participaron en el estudio tienen una edad promedio de 32.5 años (DE=7), donde el 71.8% de los participantes pertenecen al sexo femenino. El 67.6% del personal de enfermería muestra una actitud de indiferencia ante la muerte, solo un 9.9% muestra una actitud positiva. Con relación a la perspectiva de actitud de temor el 46.5% manifiesta que pensar en la muerte les genera ansiedad, mientras que el 39.4% ve la muerte de los pacientes como algo natural. Conclusiones: El personal de enfermería posee sentimientos de indiferencia ante el cuidado del paciente ante la muerte, sin embargo, consideran que aceptar su propia muerte los lleva a cuidar con más libertad. Como citar este artículo: Morales Ramón Fabiola, Ramírez López Fabiola, Cruz León Aralucy, Arriaga Zamora Rosa Ma, Vicente Ruíz María Asunción, De la Cruz García Carmen, García Hernández Nallely. Actitudes del personal de enfermería ante la muerte de sus pacientes. Revista Cuidarte. 2021; 12(1): e1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1081            Introdução: O processo de morte passou ao longo da história da família e do lar para profissionais de saúde e hospitais. O cuidado exige atitudes, conhecimentos e habilidades que devem ser adquiridos e aperfeiçoados através do treinamento de enfermagem. Objetivo: Explorar as atitudes dos profissionais de enfermagem que trabalham em áreas hospitalares críticas frente ao processo de morte de pacientes. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal com base em uma amostragem não-probabilística por conveniência, foi obtida uma amostra final de 71 enfermeiros profissionais que trabalham em áreas críticas de hospitais especializados em alta complexidade em Tabasco, México. O instrumento CAM-2 Atitudes frente à morte originalmente desenvolvido pela Martin & Salovely foi traduzido e aplicado. Resultados: A idade média dos profissionais de enfermagem que participaram deste estudo foi de 32,5 anos (SD=7), onde 71,8% dos participantes eram do sexo feminino. 67,6% dos enfermeiros mostraram uma atitude de indiferença em relação à morte e apenas 9,9% mostraram uma atitude positiva. Em relação à perspectiva de uma atitude de medo, 46,5% dos enfermeiros expressaram que pensar na morte gera ansiedade, enquanto 39,4% consideraram a morte dos pacientes como algo natural. Conclusões: Os profissionais de enfermagem se sentem indiferentes em relação aos cuidados do paciente frente à morte. No entanto, eles sentem que aceitar sua própria morte os leva a cuidar mais livremente. Como citar este artigo: Morales Ramón Fabiola, Ramírez López Fabiola, Cruz León Aralucy, Arriaga Zamora Rosa Ma, Vicente Ruíz María Asunción, De la Cruz García Carmen, García Hernández Nallely. Actitudes del personal de enfermería ante la muerte de sus pacientes. Revista Cuidarte. 2021; 12(1): e1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.1081    &nbsp

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 10

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 10, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

El cuidado enfermero como elemento de la satisfacción del paciente

Nursing is a profession and science that, with the passage of the years, has been gaining the recognition of society, however, recognize the nursing profession in the well act and doing well, it would not be possible if the patient did not exist as judge; this is the person who, when receiving care, evaluates nursing care through the satisfaction that it obtains. Therefore, to achieve quality and safety in the nursing care and health services is the main goal in all institutions, given the above, it is essential to know what is involved in interpersonal and technical care within to do nursing, to ensure the satisfaction of health users and thus achieve the expectations for the benefit of patients. Consequently, this essay considers the conception of care as the essence of nursing, and a fundamental element of patient satisfaction in the quality of careLa enfermería es una profesión y ciencia que con el paso de los años ha venido ganando el reconocimiento de la sociedad; sin embargo, reconocer la profesión de enfermería en el bien actuar y el bien hacer no sería posible si no existiese el paciente como juez, pues es éste quien al recibir el cuidado evalúa la atención de la enfermería a través de la satisfacción que obtiene. Por ello, alcanzar la calidad y seguridad en el cuidado que brinda la enfermería y los servicios de salud es la meta principal en todas las instituciones. En virtud de lo anterior, es fundamental conocer lo que conlleva el cuidado en el modo interpersonal y técnico dentro del quehacer de la enfermería para garantizar la satisfacción de los usuarios de salud y así alcanzar las expectativas en beneficio de los pacientes. En consecuencia, este ensayo considera el concepto de cuidado como la esencia de la enfermería y el elemento primordial de la satisfacción del paciente en la calidad de la atenció

Satisfacción con la calidad de la atención en mujeres en periodo posparto de un hospital de tercer nivel

Introduction:The quality obstetric care is a right of women, that care must be equitable, timely, resolute and effective. The measurement of satisfaction in the quality of care provides a useful overview on process improvement for institucions. Objective: determine in women in postpartum period the satisfaction with the quality of care provided during hospitalization. Methodology: The study design was descriptive crosssectional study with a population made up of 613 women postpartum period treated in a regional hospital that provides highly specialized obstetrical and gynecological care, the sample was not probabilistic for convenience. Results: 92% of postpartum women believe that if staff cares about the welfare of these and newborn, 64% of them generally qualify as good the care of nurses and 30% describe it as very good. To get total scores of the scale COMFORTS was obtained satisfaction in women in the postpartum period care it is high (94.5%). Conclusions: The satisfaction with the quality of care for women in postpartum period was high. The satisfaction with care delivery and postpartum is one of the most important indicators of obstetrical care quality, as it increases the areas of successful performance and make improvements in those where satisfaction is lower.Introducción: La atención obstétrica de calidad es un derecho de las mujeres, dicha atención debe ser equitativa, oportuna, resolutiva y eficaz. Realizar la medición de la satisfacción en la calidad de la atención recibida da un panorama útil en los procesos de mejora para las instituciones. Objetivo: Determinar en las mujeres en periodo posparto la satisfacción con la calidad de la atención obstétrica recibida durante su hospitalización. Metodología: El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo de corte transversal, con una población de estudio constituida por 613 mujeres en periodo posparto atendidas en un hospital regional de alta especialidad que da atención obstétrica y ginecológica, el muestreo fue de tipo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Resultados: El 92% de las puérperas considera que el personal sí se preocupa por el bienestar de ellas y del recién nacido, el 64% de ellas califica en términos generales como buena la atención recibida del personal de enfermería y el 30% la califica como muy buena. Al obtener puntajes totales de la escala COMFORTS se obtuvo que la satisfacción en las mujeres en periodo posparto por la atención recibida es alta (94.5%). Conclusiones: La satisfacción con la calidad de la atención en las mujeres en periodo posparto fue alta. La satisfacción con la atención del parto y puerperio hospitalario es uno de los más importantes indicadores de calidad asistencial obstétricos, ya que permite reforzar aquellas áreas de actuación exitosas e introducir mejoras en aquellas en las cuales la satisfacción es menor

Medicinal Plants from North and Central America and the Caribbean Considered Toxic for Humans: The Other Side of the Coin

The consumption of medicinal plants has notably increased over the past two decades. People consider herbal products as safe because of their natural origin, without taking into consideration whether these plants contain a toxic principle. This represents a serious health problem. A bibliographic search was carried out using published scientific material on native plants from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, which describe the ethnobotanical and toxicological information of medicinal plants empirically considered to be toxic. A total of 216 medicinal plants belonging to 77 families have been reported as toxic. Of these plants, 76 had been studied, and 140 plants lacked studies regarding their toxicological effects. The toxicity of 16 plants species has been reported in clinical cases, particularly in children. From these plants, deaths have been reported with the consumption of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Argemone mexicana, and Thevetia peruviana. In most of the cases, the principle of the plant responsible for the toxicity is unknown. There is limited information about the toxicity of medicinal plants used in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean. More toxicological studies are necessary to contribute information about the safe use of the medicinal plants cited in this review

Self-medication practice in pregnant women from central Mexico

Self-medication during pregnancy represents a serious threat for mother and child health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the factors associated with self-medication among Mexican women living in the central region of Mexico. This is a descriptive interview-study of 1798 pregnant women or women who were pregnant no more than 3 years ago, when the interview was carried out. Data analysis was carried out with chi-square analysis and odds ratio. The prevalence of self-medication (allopathic drugs, medicinal plants, and other products, including vitamins, food supplements, among others) was 21.9%. The factors associated (p < 0.05) with self-medication were: higher education (college and postgraduate), smoking, and consumption of alcohol. Smoking was the strongest factor (OR: 2.536; 1.46–4.42) associated to self-medication during pregnancy, followed by consumption of alcohol (OR: 2.06; 1.38–3.08), and higher education (OR: 1.607; 1.18–2.19). Medicinal plant consumption was associated with nausea, constipation, migraine, and cold (p < 0.05), whereas he self-medication of allopathy was associated with gastritis and migraine (p < 0.05). Self-medication was influenced mainly by a relative or friend, who recommended the use of herbal medicine/allopathic medication. Two of the most common medicinal plants (arnica and ruda) here informed are reported to induce abortion or toxicity during pregnancy. The findings showed that self-medication (medicinal plants and allopathic medication) is a common practice among pregnant women from central Mexico. Adequate counselling of pregnant women by healthcare professionals about the potential risks of self-medication with herbal medicine and allopathic drugs during pregnancy is strongly warranted. Keywords: Self-medication, Pregnancy, Allopathy, Medicinal plan

A Pharmacovigilance Study in First Episode of Psychosis : Psychopharmacological Interventions and Safety Profiles in the PEPs Project

The characterization of the first episode of psychosis and how it should be treated are principal issues in actual research. Realistic, naturalistic studies are necessary to represent the entire population of first episode of psychosis attended in daily practice. Sixteen participating centers from the PEPs project recruited 335 first episode of psychosis patients, aged 7 to 35 years. This article describes and discusses the psychopharmacological interventions and safety profiles at baseline and during a 60-day pharmacovigilance period. The majority of first episode of psychosis patients received a second-generation antipsychotic (96.3%), orally (95%), and in adjusted doses according to the product specifications (87.2%). A total of 24% were receiving an antipsychotic polytherapy pattern at baseline, frequently associated with lower or higher doses of antipsychotics than the recommended ones. Eight patients were taking clozapine, all in monotherapy. Males received higher doses of antipsychotic (P=.043). A total of 5.2% of the patients were being treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics; 12.2% of the patients received anticholinergic drugs, 12.2% antidepressants, and 13.7% mood stabilizers, while almost 40% received benzodiazepines; and 35.52% reported at least one adverse drug reaction during the pharmacovigilance period, more frequently associated with higher antipsychotic doses and antipsychotic polytherapy (85.2% vs 45.5%, P<.001). These data indicate that the overall pharmacologic prescription for treating a first episode of psychosis in Spain follows the clinical practice guideline recommendations, and, together with security issues, support future research of determinate pharmacological strategies for the treatment of early phases of psychosis, such as the role of clozapine, long-acting injectable antipsychotics, antipsychotic combination, and the use of benzodiazepines

Estudios sociales y administrativos en América Latina

Esta obra contiene la compilación de una serie de investigaciones latinoamericanas en las cuales se presenta los nuevos enfoques investigativos, metodológicos y cientificos. Para la generación de soluciones que contribuyan a la toma de decisiones en variables, sociales, economicas y administrativas en los diferentes contextos organizacionales. Además de estos elementos, en esta obra se presentan nuevas apuestas multidisciplinares cuanti-cualitativas en las cuales se destacan la ingeniería, derecho entre otros.