Efecto de dos sistemas de labranzas en genotipos transgénicos de algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.) En el Valle del Sinú

To contribute to the design of a plan of handling for transgenic genotypes, agreed with the environmental conditions of the Sinú valley, will allow the optimization of the use of this technology. It is of interest to establish a line base of handling information for the transgenic cotton genotypes by means of the evaluation of system of efficient and profitable farming in the use of the varieties RR and Bt. The work was made in the C.I. Turipaná, a design of divided parcels was used (factors: farming and variety), three replicates. The height of the plant was lower in the conventional system farming, the conditions of movement of the ground in direct seedtime did not allow to greater conservation of the stored water and growth in the cotton plants. The height was not affected by the variety. The number of branches, specks, retention of structure by position and sites with abortion of fruits were not affected by the factors analyzed nor its interaction. The varieties Opal Delta and NuOpal were superior in yields to the presented/displayed ones by variety RR. This difference of the yield was possibly due to the effect of the gene incorporated in the variety RR on the physiology of the plant. Direct seedtime presented/displayed favorable conditions such as greater humidity retention so that a greater weight of speck is expressed. Economically the best treatment was direct Sowing of Opal Delta with a rate of marginal return of 18,4%.Contribuir al diseño de un plan de manejo para genotipos transgénicos, acorde con las condiciones ambientales de la zona del Valle del Sinú, permitirá la optimización del uso de esta tecnología. Es de interés establecer una línea base de información de manejo de los genotipos transgénicos de algodón mediante la evaluación de sistema de labranza eficiente y rentable en el uso de las variedades RR (Roundup Ready) y Bt ( Bacillus thurigiensis). El trabajo se realizó en el C.I. Turipaná, se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas (factores: labranza y variedad), con tres repeticiones. La altura de la planta fue menor en el sistema de labranza convencional, las condiciones de la siembra directa permitieron mayor conservación de agua almacenada en el suelo y crecimiento de las plantas. La altura no fue afectada por la variedad, el número de ramas, motas, retención de estructura por posición y sitios con aborto de frutos no fueron afectados por los factores analizados ni su interacción. Las variedades Delta Opal y NuOpal fueron superiores en rendimientos a los presentados por la variedad RR; esta diferencia del rendimiento se debió posiblemente al efecto que produce el gen incorporado en la variedad RR sobre la fisiología de la planta. La siembra directa presentó condiciones favorables tales como mayor retención de humedad para que se exprese un mayor peso de mota en las variedades evaluadas. Económicamente el mejor tratamiento fue siembra directa con material Delta Opal con una tasa de retorno marginal de 18,4

Fast selective harmonic mitigation in multifunctional inverters using internal model controllers and synchronous reference frames

This paper presents a fast selective harmonic current mitigation strategy for inverters with active power filter capabilities based in synchronous reference frames and twodegrees-of-freedom internal model controllers. The advantage of this control strategy over the conventional PI solution is a significant increase in the speed of harmonic detection and mitigation. Furthermore, this control strategy reduces the computational burden when applied in a digital controller. These characteristics make this strategy desirable for applications where fast/harmonic detection and mitigation are needed. Mathematical analysis and simulations are presented to corroborate the performance of the proposed controller strategy. Finally, the results of this proposal are verified in a 1kW 3-phase multifunctional inverter with harmonic compensation capabilities up to the 17th harmonic

UltraPower: Powering Tangible and Wearable Devices with Focused Ultrasound

Wireless power transfer creates new opportunities for interaction with tangible and wearable devices, by freeing designers from the constraints of an integrated power source. We explore the use of focused ultrasound as a means of transferring power to a distal device, transforming passive props into dynamic active objects. We analyse the ability to transfer power from an ultrasound array commonly used for mid-air haptic feedback and investigate the practical challenges of ultrasonic power transfer (e.g., receiving and rectifying energy from sound waves). We also explore the ability to power electronic components and multimodal actuators such as lights, speakers and motors. Finally, we describe exemplar wearable and tangible device prototypes that are activated by UltraPower, illustrating the potential applications of this novel technology

3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial

Background: Liraglutide 3·0 mg was shown to reduce bodyweight and improve glucose metabolism after the 56-week period of this trial, one of four trials in the SCALE programme. In the 3-year assessment of the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial we aimed to evaluate the proportion of individuals with prediabetes who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with prediabetes and a body-mass index of at least 30 kg/m2, or at least 27 kg/m2 with comorbidities, were randomised 2:1, using a telephone or web-based system, to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3·0 mg or matched placebo, as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Time to diabetes onset by 160 weeks was the primary outcome, evaluated in all randomised treated individuals with at least one post-baseline assessment. The trial was conducted at 191 clinical research sites in 27 countries and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01272219. Findings: The study ran between June 1, 2011, and March 2, 2015. We randomly assigned 2254 patients to receive liraglutide (n=1505) or placebo (n=749). 1128 (50%) participants completed the study up to week 160, after withdrawal of 714 (47%) participants in the liraglutide group and 412 (55%) participants in the placebo group. By week 160, 26 (2%) of 1472 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 46 (6%) of 738 in the placebo group were diagnosed with diabetes while on treatment. The mean time from randomisation to diagnosis was 99 (SD 47) weeks for the 26 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 87 (47) weeks for the 46 individuals in the placebo group. Taking the different diagnosis frequencies between the treatment groups into account, the time to onset of diabetes over 160 weeks among all randomised individuals was 2·7 times longer with liraglutide than with placebo (95% CI 1·9 to 3·9, p<0·0001), corresponding with a hazard ratio of 0·21 (95% CI 0·13–0·34). Liraglutide induced greater weight loss than placebo at week 160 (–6·1 [SD 7·3] vs −1·9% [6·3]; estimated treatment difference −4·3%, 95% CI −4·9 to −3·7, p<0·0001). Serious adverse events were reported by 227 (15%) of 1501 randomised treated individuals in the liraglutide group versus 96 (13%) of 747 individuals in the placebo group. Interpretation: In this trial, we provide results for 3 years of treatment, with the limitation that withdrawn individuals were not followed up after discontinuation. Liraglutide 3·0 mg might provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of diabetes in individuals with obesity and prediabetes. Funding: Novo Nordisk, Denmark

A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges