Simulation of pulse width modulation using Tinkercard

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad usar la plata-forma Tinkercard para comprender los conceptos de la señal PWM (modulación por ancho de pulso). Dicha plataforma nos permite crear una simulación don se pueda observar fácil-mente términos como el DutyCycle (ciclo de trabajo), el periodo de la señal, la frecuencia de la señal, el tiempo de encendido de la señal, el tiempo de apagado de la señal, entro otras ter-minologías que se deben tener en cuenta al hacer uso de esta modulación por ancho de pulso. La ventaja más importante del uso de tinkercard es su facilidad de uso y su accesibilidad ya que es gratuita y muy intuitiva, así cualquier persona puede usarla sin previo conocimiento sobre ella

Effect of water stress during grain filling on yield, quality and physiological traits of illpa and rainbow quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars

The total area under quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation and the consumption of its grain have increased in recent years because of its nutritional properties and ability to grow under adverse conditions, such as drought. Climate change scenarios predict extended periods of drought and this has emphasized the need for new crops that are tolerant to these conditions. The main goal of this work was to evaluate crop yield and quality parameters and to characterize the physiology of two varieties of quinoa grown under water deficit in greenhouse conditions. Two varieties of quinoa from the Chilean coast (Rainbow) and altiplano (Illpa) were used, grown under full irrigation or two different levels of water deficit applied during the grain filling period. There were no marked differences in yield and quality parameters between treatments, but the root biomass was higher in plants grown under severe water deficit conditions compared to control. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased with increased water stress in both cultivars, but the coastal variety showed higher water use efficiency and less discrimination of C-13 under water deficit. This response was associated with greater root development and a better stomatal opening adjustment, especially in the case of Rainbow

Is fish worth more than meat? - How consumers' beliefs about health and nutrition affect their willingness to pay more for fish than meat

Scientific research has demonstrated that fish consumption has positive effects on human health. Consequently, governments have invested resources to promote fish consumption, but does this investment changed consumer preferences so they are willing to pay more for fish than meat? Consumer survey data collected in Modern Metropolitan Lima, Peru, were analyzed to assess the influence of selected variables on consumers' willingness to pay extra for fish over beef, chicken and pork. The results demonstrate that females, older and more educated respondents are more likely to be unwilling to pay premiums for fish respect to meat. In addition, belief factors do not affect the odds of being unwilling to pay more for fish in preference to meat. Household income and years of education are statistically significant variables increasing the willingness to pay more for fish than meat. In contrast, household size reduces the amount consumers could pay extra for fish. A taste preference for fish has a positive effect on the propensity to pay higher prices for fish than meat. Finally, the beliefs that fish is healthy and nutritious for the family positively affect the willingness to pay more for fish than other meats studied. These findings support the use of campaigns to promote fish consumption and suggest that additional information about the health benefits for the family and nutrition derived from eating fish could affect consumers' preferences, and ultimately their willingness to pay

The influence of ethnic identity on peruvian quinoa consumption: a top lima and modern metropolitan lima approach

The International Year of Quinoa (IYQ) (2013) showcased quinoa to the world and generated a rapid expansion in international demand for quinoa. It also increased the level of consumption in Peru. Peruvian ethnic identity reflects the food culture of origin. This research aims to determine the relationship between ethnic identity and other Theory of Planned Behavior factors on quinoa consumption intention and frequency of consumers in Top Lima and Modern Metropolitan Lima, Peru. A survey of 381 respondents was conducted between April and September 2017, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Contrary to expectations, intention and frequency of consumption of quinoa were negatively affected by “ethnic identity” (p

Yield and quality grain evaluation and physiological characterization of two cultivars of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grown under water deficit in greenhouse conditions

Resumen del trabajo presentado a la XXIII Reunión Bianual de la Sociedad Española de Fisiología Vegetal y al XVI Congreso Hispano-Luso de Fisiología Vegetal, celebrados en Pamplona (España) del 26 al 28 de junio de 2019

Analysis of the effect of temperature on yield components and starch concentration in tritordeum and wheat

Resumen del trabajo presentado en el II Simposio Español de Fisiología y Mejora de Cereales, celebrado en Córdoba (España), los días 6 y 7 de marzo de 2019Cereal production is highly dependent on environmental conditions. Elevated temperature is a key factor currently affecting crop yield and grain quality. Tritordeum is fertile amphiploid derived from the crosses between Hordeum chilense, and Triticum durum (tetraploid or hexaploid). This cereal has been described to display important grain nutritional properties. One high yielded bread wheat genotype (Togano) and four tritordeum lines (HTC15432, HT435, HT621, Bulel T1) were selected for this study. Bulel T1 is the commercial tritordeum line, HTC15432 is a new line with high yield and both HT435, HT621 were selected for their high lutein content. These plants were grown in greenhouses under two temperature levels (ambient temperature, Tambient versus elevated temperature, Tambient +4ºC) in order to test the impact of temperature increase on crop productivity and nutritional traits. Together with the agronomic characterization (aboveground biomass, grain yield, kernel number/plant, spike number/plant, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and harvest index (HI), starch, C/N % and protein concentration were determined in grains. Grain yield analyses showed that temperature effect on crop production varied depending on the analysed variety. While HT15432, yield decreased, HT435 production significantly increased. In other cases, no significant effects were observed

Impact of water availability in quinoa (cv. Vikinga) yield and quality traits

Trabajo presentado a la XXIII Reunión Bianual de la Sociedad Española de Fisiología Vegetal y al XVI Congreso Hispano-Luso de Fisiología Vegetal, celebrados en Pamplona (España) del 26 al 28 de junio de 2019

Effect of water stress during grain filling on yield, quality and physiological traits of Illpa and rainbow quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) cultivars

The total area under quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation and the consumption of its grain have increased in recent years because of its nutritional properties and ability to grow under adverse conditions, such as drought. Climate change scenarios predict extended periods of drought and this has emphasized the need for new crops that are tolerant to these conditions. The main goal of this work was to evaluate crop yield and quality parameters and to characterize the physiology of two varieties of quinoa grown under water deficit in greenhouse conditions. Two varieties of quinoa from the Chilean coast (Rainbow) and altiplano (Illpa) were used, grown under full irrigation or two different levels of water deficit applied during the grain filling period. There were no marked differences in yield and quality parameters between treatments, but the root biomass was higher in plants grown under severe water deficit conditions compared to control. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased with increased water stress in both cultivars, but the coastal variety showed higher water use efficiency and less discrimination of 13C under water deficit. This response was associated with greater root development and a better stomatal opening adjustment, especially in the case of Rainbow. The capacity of Rainbow to increase its osmoregulant content (compounds such as proline, glutamine, glutamate, K and Na) could enable a potential osmotic adjustment in this variety. Moreover, the lower stomatal opening and transpiration rates were also associated with higher leaf ABA concentration values detected in Rainbow. We found negative logarithmic relationships between stomatal conductance and leaf ABA concentration in both varieties, with significant R2 values of 0.50 and 0.22 in Rainbow and Illpa, respectively. These moderate-to-medium values suggest that, in addition to ABA signaling, other causes for stomatal closure in quinoa under drought such as hydraulic regulation may play a role. In conclusion, this work showed that two quinoa cultivars use different strategies in the face of water deficit stress, and these prevent decreases in grain yield and quality under drought conditions.This work was supported by the Government of Navarre (Rural Development, Environment and Local Administration unit)-FEADER (210160009).Peer reviewe

Rapid phenotyping tools applied to the prediction of wheat grain yield and quality traits of Navarra: A multi-local study

Resumen del trabajo presentado en el II Simposio Español de Fisiología y Mejora de Cereales, celebrado en Córdoba (España), los días 6 y 7 de marzo de 2019The general objective of the present study was to analyze the correlation between different rapid phenotyping tools and production parameters in the two most cultivated bread wheat varieties in Navarra (Camargo and Marcopolo). In the present study, 17 parcels in Navarre distributed in the north, center and south of the community were analyzed. During the months of May and June, in vivo measures were carried out with SPAD equipment, GreenSeeker and infrared thermometer. Parallel to these measurements, samples of flag and second leaves were taken. Upon reaching the maturity period, samples of mature grain were taken and the yield of the crops was quantified. With the aforementioned samples, the following parameters were quantified: d13C, d15N, C/N, alveographic parameters, gliadins and glutenins

Effect of water stress during grain filling on yield, quality and physiological traits of illpa and rainbow quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars

The total area under quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation and the consumption of its grain have increased in recent years because of its nutritional properties and ability to grow under adverse conditions, such as drought. Climate change scenarios predict extended periods of drought and this has emphasized the need for new crops that are tolerant to these conditions. The main goal of this work was to evaluate crop yield and quality parameters and to characterize the physiology of two varieties of quinoa grown under water deficit in greenhouse conditions. Two varieties of quinoa from the Chilean coast (Rainbow) and altiplano (Illpa) were used, grown under full irrigation or two different levels of water deficit applied during the grain filling period. There were no marked differences in yield and quality parameters between treatments, but the root biomass was higher in plants grown under severe water deficit conditions compared to control. Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased with increased water stress in both cultivars, but the coastal variety showed higher water use efficiency and less discrimination of C-13 under water deficit. This response was associated with greater root development and a better stomatal opening adjustment, especially in the case of Rainbow