43 research outputs found
Opinions and beliefs held by Spanish teenagers regarding tobacco and alcohol consumption: a descriptive study
Baixa percepção de risco entre adolescentes espanhóis em relação ao consumo de ålcool
SegĂșn los estudios recientes, los adolescentes españoles muestran una baja percepciĂłn del riesgo asociado al consumo de alcohol. El objetivo de la presente investigaciĂłn es analizar los factores que favorecen esta baja percepciĂłn a partir de la opiniĂłn de un grupo de 32 profesionales/expertos en adolescencia, familia, escuela, medios de comunicaciĂłn y polĂticas locales. Se utilizĂł una metodologĂa cualitativa, fundamentada en Grounded Theory, a partir de la informaciĂłn obtenida mediante 5 grupos de discusiĂłn guiados por entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se identificaron 12 factores o subcategorĂas agrupados en 4 categorĂas generales: riesgo a corto plazo, inmediatez y percepciĂłn de invulnerabilidad (categorĂa Âżpensamiento adolescenteÂż); concepciĂłn benĂ©vola del alcohol, normalizaciĂłn del consumo y binomio alcohol-diversiĂłn (categorĂa Âżnormas socialesÂż); consumo habitual en los padres, inconsistencia verbal-no verbal en el modelado parental, consumo sin riesgo en los medios, consumo con resultados positivos en los medios (categorĂa Âżmodelos socialesÂż); excesivo contenido sanitario, riesgo a largo plazo (categorĂa Âżdiscurso preventivoÂż). Tras discutir los resultados en el contexto de la literatura cientĂfica actual, se realizan varias propuestas con el objetivo de aumentar la percepciĂłn del riesgo en los adolescentes: incidir con mayor fuerza en contenidos sobre los riesgos a corto plazo del alcohol; orientar las estrategias educativas dirigidas al adolescente, tambiĂ©n hacia los agentes de socializaciĂłn, especialmente los padres; incidir en polĂticas centradas en la sustancia y en reducir la oferta.According to recent studies, Spanish adolescents show low perception of risk in alcohol consumption. The current study aims to analyze the factors that favor this low perception based on the opinion of a group of 32 professional experts on adolescence, family, school, mass media, and local policies. A qualitative methodology was used, based on Grounded Theory, using information from 5 focus groups guided by semi-structured interviews. Twelve factors or subcategories were identified, grouped in 4 general categories: short-term risk, immediacy, and perception of invulnerability (Âżadolescent thinkingÂż category); benevolent view of alcohol, normalization of consumption, and alcohol-entertainment binomial (Âżsocial normsÂż category); parentsÂż habitual consumption, verbal/non-verbal inconsistency in parental model, risk-free consumption depicted in the mass media, consumption with positive results in the media (Âżsocial modelsÂż category); and excessive health content, long-term risk (Âżpreventive discourseÂż category). After discussing the results in the context of the current scientific literature, the article offers various proposals for increasing risk perception in adolescents: stronger impact of contents on short-term risks of alcohol; educational strategies targeted to adolescents to include agents of socialization, especially parents; and policies centered on the substance and reduction of supply.De acordo com estudos recentes, os adolescentes espanhĂłis mostram baixa percepção de risco em relação ao consumo de ĂĄlcool. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores associados com a baixa percepção de risco, com base nas opiniĂ”es de um grupo de 32 especialistas em adolescĂȘncia, famĂlia, escola, mĂdia e polĂticas locais. Foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa, baseada na Teoria Fundamentada, usando informaçÔes de cinco grupos focais orientados por entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Foram identificados 12 fatores ou subcategorias, agrupados em quatro categorias gerais: risco no curto prazo, imediatismo e percepção de invulnerabilidade (categoria de Âżpensamento adolescenteÂż); visĂŁo benevolente em relação ao ĂĄlcool, normalização do consumo e binĂŽmio ĂĄlcool-entretenimento (categoria de Âżnormas sociaisÂż); consumo habitual pelos pais, inconsistĂȘncia na comunicação verbal versus nĂŁo verbal no modelo representado pelos pais, consumo isento de risco retratado pela mĂdia, consumo com resultados positivos na mĂdia (categoria de Âżmodelos sociaisÂż) e excesso de conteĂșdo relacionado Ă saĂșde, risco no longo prazo (categoria de Âżdiscurso preventivoÂż). Depois de discutir os resultados no contexto da literatura cientĂfica atual, o artigo oferece vĂĄrias propostas para aumentar a percepção de risco entre os adolescentes: impacto mais forte de conteĂșdos sobre os riscos do ĂĄlcool no curto prazo; estratĂ©gias educativas orientadas aos adolescentes para incluir os agentes da socialização, especialmente os pais, alĂ©m de polĂticas centradas na substĂąncia e na redução da oferta.Departamento de EducaciĂłn y PsicologĂa SocialVersiĂłn del edito
Alcohol consumption and risky sexual practices: the pattern of nursing students from the Spanish University
A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)
Meeting abstrac
Update on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a guide to the guidelines
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disorder, affecting 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. Existing epidemiological studies might have underestimated the prevalence of HCM, however, owing to limited inclusion of individuals with early, incomplete phenotypic expression. Clinical manifestations of HCM include diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, ischaemia, atrial fibrillation, abnormal vascular responses and, in 5% of patients, progression to a 'burnt-out' phase characterized by systolic impairment. Disease-related mortality is most often attributable to sudden cardiac death, heart failure, and embolic stroke. The majority of individuals with HCM, however, have normal or near-normal life expectancy, owing in part to contemporary management strategies including family screening, risk stratification, thromboembolic prophylaxis, and implantation of cardioverter-defibrillators. The clinical guidelines for HCM issued by the ACC Foundation/AHA and the ESC facilitate evaluation and management of the disease. In this Review, we aim to assist clinicians in navigating the guidelines by highlighting important updates, current gaps in knowledge, differences in the recommendations, and challenges in implementing them, including aids and pitfalls in clinical and pathological evaluation. We also discuss the advances in genetics, imaging, and molecular research that will underpin future developments in diagnosis and therapy for HCM