Determining Factors for Fast Corneal Sensitivity Recovery After Pterygium Excision

Purpose: To establish determining factors for fast corneal sensitivity (CS) recovery after pterygium excision. Methods: Thirty-two eyes of 14 males and 18 females with primary nasal pterygium were recruited. Differences in CS (in the 4 quadrants and the center using a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer), pterygium corneal area (PCA), tear osmolarity, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, and ocular symptoms were analyzed before and 1 month after lesion excision. The relationship between CS recovery (difference between the 2 time points; CS1 – CS0) and the other features was assessed. Results: All the studied locations exhibited normal (6 cm) or near-normal mean CS at the 2 time points, except a tendency for moderate hypoesthesia in nasal CS0 (median 4.5; range: 1.5–6.0 cm). Point by point comparison revealed significant postoperative improvements in nasal location (P = 0.008; Wilcoxon signed-rank test) with normal values in 17 eyes (53%) and a median CS1 = 5.0 cm (2.5–5.5 cm) in 15 eyes with no complete recovery. No significant correlation was found between CS0 and the studied variables, and CS1 was only significantly correlated with PCA (rho: -0.441; P < 0.05). CS recovery also showed significant correlation with PCA (rho = -0.516; P < 0.01). Conclusions: CS recovery after pterygium excision showed important variability, and the only studied factor that seems to be determinant could be PCA. It would be advisable to operate when the lesion is relatively small, with lower surgical injury and faster and complete recovery, thus protecting ocular surface homeostasis.Postprint (author's final draft

Effects of Mitomycin C in Early Conjunctival Inflammation after Pterygium Surgery

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare inflammatory events and graft characteristics 1 month and 6 months after conjunctival limbal autograft (CLAU) with and without intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC). Methods: This study included 69 eyes of 69 patient’s eyes with pterygium. Clinical data concerning patient demography, preoperative examination including pterygium morphology, recurrence clinical assessment, and complications after CLAU with (MMC+) and without (MMC-) intraoperative MMC were all registered at 1 month and 6 months after surgery. Results: Thirty-five eyes were included in MMC+ and 34 in MMC-. Preoperative data were similar in both groups (Student’s t test and Fisher’s exact test; p > 0.05). Thirty-four (49.6%) eyes in the whole sample showed at least one inflammatory complication at 1 month after surgery. MMC- group showed a significantly higher number of cases with complications (p 0.05; Chi2 test). Pyogenic granuloma developed at the surgical site in three eyes (4.37%), two of those granulomas were at the MMC- group (p > 0.05). Tendency for recurrences was significantly different between both groups (p = 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test) at the end of 6 months. Thirteen (38%) eyes showed recurrence in MMC- and no cases were displayed in MMC+. Presence of at least 1 inflammatory event was only seen in 16 (23%) cases, all of them in MMC-. Specifically, 15 (44%) eyes showed hyperemia and one (3%) eye presented conjunctival hemorrhages. No new cases of pyogenic granuloma or graft contraction were seen at this time point in both groups. Hyperemia was the only specific event with significant differences between MMC- and MMC+ (p = 0.0001; Fisher’s exact test) at 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: The eyes receiving intraoperative MMC after CLAU seem to present less hyperemia and graft contraction after surgery than those that did not receive MMC as an adjuvant factor. Intraoperative MMC could be associated with a lower recurrence rates.Postprint (author's final draft

Endogenous XIAP but no other members of the inhibitory apoptosis protein family modulates cerebellar granule neurons survival

Altres ajuts: DGAPA-PAPIIT-UNAM (IN206213) i CONACYT (179234)Programmed cell death plays a critical role during cerebellar development. In particular, it has been shown in vivo and in vitro that developing cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) die apoptotically. Apoptosis involves a series of morphological changes and the activation of caspases. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) is implicated in negative regulation of caspase activation and apoptotic cell death. Although apoptotic death of CGN has been extensively studied, there is no information about the role of IAPs in the developing cerebellum. Here, we studied the participation of some members of IAPs in the survival of the developing rat CGN in culture and under physiological conditions. Under these conditions, we found a differential expression pattern of cIAP-1, cIAP-2, XIAP and survivin during cerebellar development in an age-dependent manner, highlighting the significant increase of XIAP levels. We also detected an interaction between XIAP and caspase 3 at postnatal day (P) 12 and 16. On the other hand, we found a significant decrease of XIAP levels in cultured CGN maintained in chronic potassium deprivation, an apoptotic condition, suggesting a possible relationship between XIAP levels and neuronal viability. Under these conditions, we also detected the interaction of XIAP with active caspase-3. The down-regulation of XIAP in CGN cultured under survival conditions (chronic potassium depolarization) induced a reduction of cell viability and an increment of apoptotic cells. These findings support the idea that IAPs could be involved in the survival of CGN and that XIAP might be critical for neuronal survival in cerebellar development and during chronic depolarization in cultured CGN through a mechanism involving caspase inhibition

Implementación de un sistema de alta disponibilidad de un enlace VPN para una entidad financiera

En la actualidad cualquier empresa que desea mantener su estándar de competitividad en el mercado, es contar siempre con las herramientas o recursos que le permitan mantener la conectividad en las redes, es así que se desea reducir los cortes de red de comunicaciones como también reducir las incidencias por lentitud en sus procesos u operaciones en la red para que logre la agilidad de brindar información a sus clientes, pero también se considera mantener la confidencialidad de sus recursos e información. La alta disponibilidad de un enlace VPN para cualquier empresa mediante la metodología PPDIOO de CISCO SYSTEM permitirá el estándar de implementación adecuado para el presente proyecto, además con las teorías en redes de comunicaciones será el complemento necesario de implementar la solución. Se presenta el desarrollo de la solución mediante cada fase de la metodología aplicada, con las respectivas pruebas y demostraciones de la solución ofrecida, aquí se detallará las fases de la metodología PPDIOO las cuales son Preparar – Planear – Diseñar – Implementar – Operar – Optimizar. Se mostrará los resultados de cada objetivo con sus respectivas pruebas que comprobarán lo planteado en el inicio de proyecto.Trabajo de suficiencia profesionalCampus Lima Centr

La responsabilidad penal del extraneus en los delitos especiales propios

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo dar como solución a la siguiente incertidumbre: ¿De qué manera responde penalmente el extraneus que interviene en la comisión de delitos especiales propios? Es una situación muy compleja, pues pocos son los autores penalistas que intervienen de manera profunda a la hora de solucionar este problema, es pues ante los actos de impunidad que hemos decidido desarrollar esta problemática, para poder llegar a solucionar este tema conflictivo. La tesis LA RESPONSABILIDAD PENAL DEL EXTRANEUS EN LOS DELITOS ESPECIALES PROPIOS, incluye el desarrollo de los temas tales como la autoría, y sus clases, la participación, los delitos especiales, asimismo las teorías que determinan el fundamento de la responsabilidad penal de los extraneus en los delitos especiales. Es de saberse que esta tesis presenta una investigación cualitativa ya que sirve para identificar, básicamente, la naturaleza profunda de las realidades, empleando la jurisprudencia, dando soluciones no únicamente contenidas taxativamente en el Código Penal y otras leyes de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, para ello se han empleado preceptos y principios que se extraen del mismo. También para poder llegar a solucionar el tema descrito y complejo, se han utilizado métodos de investigación, como el dogmático, el método exegético, y el método funcional y la selección de datos e información. De los resultados obtenidos en la investigación se determinó que debe insertarse un artículo en la parte general del C.P, donde regula la conducta de los extraneus a título de partícipes de los delitos especiales propios, para evitar actos de impunidad y asimismo evitar incurrir en la analogía que está prohibida. Asimismo se determinó que el fundamento de la punición de los extraneus en los delitos especiales propios es en la lesión o puesta en peligro del bien jurídico, esto es en la infracción del deber de no dañar, un deber que tienen que asumir las personas que no tienen esas características personales especiales

Txnip expression promotes JNK-mediated neuronal death in response to reactive oxygen species

TXNIP is a protein sensitive to oxidant conditions whose expression is related to the progression of death in cancer, diabetes, ischemia, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Because of this, many studies propose TXNIP as a therapeutic target in several diseases. Exposure of cerebellar granule neurons to staurosporine or low potassium leads to apoptotic death. Both conditions generate an early production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induces the activation of the ASK1 pathway and the apoptotic machinery. In these models, it has been shown an increase in TXNIP protein mediated by ROS. Here, we evaluated the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of the Txnip expression during neuronal death, as well as the role of the protein in the progression of cell death induced by these two apoptotic conditions. In cultured cerebellar granule neurons, we observed that low potassium and staurosporine induced an early increase in ROS that correlated with an increase in Txnip mRNA. When we evaluated the promoter of the gene, we found that the JASPAR-reported FOXO1/3 transcription factor motifs are close to the transcription start site (TSS). We then verified through the Chromatin immunoprecipitation technique (ChIP) that FOXO3 interacts with the Txnip promoter after 1 h of low potassium treatment. We also detected FOXO3 nuclear translocation by low potassium and staurosporine treatments. Finally, by using shRNA in the neuroblastoma MSN cell line, we found that Txnip downregulation decreased neuronal death induced by staurosporine stimulus. Together, these results suggest that ROS promotes the expression of Txnip through the activation of the FOXO3 transcription factor mediated by Akt inhibition. We also demonstrated that TXNIP is necessary for neuronal death progression

Reactive Oxygen Species Evoked by Potassium Deprivation and Staurosporine Inactivate Akt and Induce the Expression of TXNIP in Cerebellar Granule Neurons

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in neuronal apoptosis; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. It has been shown that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) overexpression renders cells more susceptible to oxidative stress and promotes apoptosis and that the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway leads to a downregulation of TXNIP. Here, we evaluated the role of ROS in the regulation of Akt activity and the subsequent regulation of the TXNIP expression in a model of apoptotic death of cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). We observed that two apoptotic conditions that generate ROS at short times led to an increase in the expression of TXNIP in a time-dependent manner; antioxidants significantly reduced this expression. Also, H2O2 caused an increase in TXNIP expression. Moreover, apoptotic conditions induced inactivation of Akt in a time-dependent manner similar to TXNIP expression and H2O2 treatment led to Akt inactivation. Besides, the pharmacological inhibition of Akt increases TXNIP expression and induces CGN cell death. Together, these results suggest that ROS promote neuronal apoptosis through the Akt-TXNIP signaling pathway, supporting the idea that the PI3K/Akt pathway regulates the TXNIP expression. This study highlights the potential importance of this mechanism in neuronal death

Gender perspective and analysis in social movement and feminisms research in the Spanish context: a systematic review

A pesar de que en los últimos años la movilización social se ha venido constituyendo como un importante campo de estudio para las Ciencias Sociales en general, y para la Sociología en particular, y pese a la relevancia que el activismo feminista ha ido adquiriendo hasta conformarse en la actualidad como uno de los principales movimientos a nivel internacional, no existen en el contexto español revisiones bibliográficas de investigaciones sobre esta temática desarrolladas desde una perspectiva de género. Para paliar en la medida de lo posible esta situación, se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática sobre la perspectiva de género y el análisis de los feminismos en el estudio de los movimientos sociales en nuestro país. De las 101 investigaciones empíricas que cumplían los criterios de inclusión (estudios primarios publicados en las principales revistas españolas de Sociología entre 2010 y 2019), fueron seleccionadas las 19 que abordan de manera central la cuestión de género y los feminismos. Los resultados del análisis de estas investigaciones evidencian la pluralidad y diversidad temática, el uso casi exclusivo de metodología cualitativa, la ausencia de estudios con finalidad interventiva o de aplicación práctica, así como el creciente interés por conocer las nuevas dinámicas, canales y formas particulares de acción que presenta este tipo de activismo, como los feminismos en red o ciberfeminismos, cuyo auge plantea la dicotomía entre la movilización online y la acción social feminista en la calle. Por último, se destaca la necesidad tanto de incluir el género de forma transversal en el análisis de la movilización, como de atender en concreto a la dimensión psicosocial de la participación femenina.Despite the fact that in recent years social mobilization has become an important field of study for the Social Sciences in general, and for Sociology in particular, and despite the relevance that the feminist activism has been acquiring until it has become one of the main movements at an international level, there are no bibliographical reviews of research on this subject carried out from a gender perspective in the Spanish context. In order to alleviate this situation as far as possible, a systematic review on the gender perspective has been carried out and social movements in our country has been analysed. Of the 101 empirical studies that met the criteria for inclusion (primary studies published in major Spanish journals of sociology between 2010 and 2019) 19 were selected that dealt centrally with the issue of gender and feminism. The results of the analysis of these studies show the plurality and thematic diversity, the almost exclusive use of qualitative methodology, the absence of studies with an interventional or practical application purpose, as well as the growing interest in understanding the new dynamics, channels and particular forms of action presented by this type of activism, such as networked feminisms or cyberfeminisms, whose rise raises the dichotomy between online mobilisation and feminist social action in the street. Finally, the need to include a transversal approach to gender in the analysis of mobilisation is highlighted, as well as the need to pay specific attention to the psychosocial dimension of women’s participation

Effect of Staurosporine in the Morphology and Viability of Cerebellar Astrocytes: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and NADPH Oxidase

Cell death implies morphological changes that may contribute to the progression of this process. In astrocytes, the mechanisms involving the cytoskeletal changes during cell death are not well explored. Although NADPH oxidase (NOX) has been described as being a critical factor in the production of ROS, not much information is available about the participation of NOX-derived ROS in the cell death of astrocytes and their role in the alterations of the cytoskeleton during the death of astrocytes. In this study, we have evaluated the participation of ROS in the death of cultured cerebellar astrocytes using staurosporine (St) as death inductor. We found that astrocytes express NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4. Also, St induced an early ROS production and NOX activation that participate in the death of astrocytes. These findings suggest that ROS produced by St is generated through NOX1 and NOX4. Finally, we showed that the reorganization of tubulin and actin induced by St is ROS independent and that St did not change the level of expression of these cytoskeletal proteins. We conclude that ROS produced by a NOX is required for cell death in astrocytes, but not for the morphological alterations induced by St