The Treatment of Nail Pricks of The Horse\u27s Foot

The cases forming the basis for this work were for the most part presented at the regular clinics of the college, although some were private patients, and in the latter cases there were no special means for control beyond what one usually finds around the farm. When the horse was presented at clinics he was placed upon the operating table in order to confine him and prevent undue movement during the operation. In a few cases only was the injury of recent date. The term foot will be held to include only those structures inclosed within the horny box. Briefly reviewing the anatomy of this part, it will be found to consist of a framework made up of three bones: the lower portion of the short pastern bone, the navicular bone and the coffin bone. These bones are united in such a manner as to form a joint, the navicular joint. At the upper and back portion of the coffin bone and on each side are the lateral cartilages, half-moon shaped pieces of gristle extending upwards above the wall, and backwards towards the heels. Occupying the entire space behind and between the wings of the coffin bone is the plantar cushion. This structure acts much as does a rubber heel on a shoe. Over all is drawn a specialized skin, covering all of the parts much as a sock covers the foot. This skin, according to the character of the horn which it secretes, may be divided into five regions, the periople, which secretes the thin varnish-like layer covering the outer surface of the wall; the coronary band, which secretes the middle layer of the wall; the sensitive laminae, which secrete the inner layer of the wall and bind \u27the wall to the foot; the sensitive sole, which secretes the horny sole; and the sensitive frog, which secretes the horny frog. In addition, the foot is richly supplied with blood vessels and nerves

Scabies (Mange) in Cattle

Bulletin No. 107 of this Station, issued by the Department of Veterinary Medicine, contains· a report of the results obtained by this department in a co-operative experiment with the United States Department of Agriculture, in order to determine the relative efficiency of the various constituents of coal-tar dips in the treatment of sheep scab. Subsequently; the experiments were continue in co-operation with the Bio-Chemic Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry, in order to determine the percentage of the different constituents of coal-tar dips which should be present to render them effective in the treatment of scabies in cattle. In order to render the results more intelligible to the present reader it will be necessary to repeat portions of the above mentioned bulletin. In the distillation of bituminous coal there are given off numerous volatile bodies which are condensed into a dark, thick liquid, or semi-liquid substance to which has been given the name of coal-tar. The composition of coal tar is very complex and varies considerably with the temperature at which the distillation of the coal is effected. From among the various products obtained by this distillation we have a large number of so called coal-tar dips; the uses of which have become so familiar. These dips contain a varying percentage of coal-tar oils and cresylic acid (cresols and other phenols) which are rendered capable of being emulsifie9- by the addition of resin or linseed oil soaps

Hog Cholera

Hog Cholera is an infectious disease of swine characterized by a high fever and more or less extensive congestion and hemorrhages of the lymphatic glands, the intestines, kidneys, lungs, spleen, heart and liver. Various other names have been applied to this disease, such as pig typhoid, swine fever, pneumo-enteritis, blue disease, etc., but it is most frequently referred to as hog cholera. The annual loss of pigs from this disease in the United States amounts to thousands of dollars and its ravages are a constant source of discouragement to breeders of pure-bred stock as well as those who make a special business of feeding hogs for the market. It is-impossible to determine the extent of the disease in South Dakota; and while in general the disease is confined to the southeastern portion of the state, yet outbreaks have been reported in various other sectors of the state, including the most northern counties

A Profile of Smoking and Health in Wales

No abstract available

Sheep Scab

In the year 1905 the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture began investigations to determine the relative efficiency of the various constitution of coal-tar dips in the treatment of Sheep Scab, in order to provide some standard whereby the efficiency of these dips could be determined by laboratory methods. The co-operation of the South Dakota Animal Agricultural Experiment Station was enlisted in the practical testing coal-tar dips of various known composition which were prepared by the Biochemic Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry. For this purpose sheep with well-developed cases of scab were procured and divided into small lots for each for each of which a separate dip was employed. Each lot was then placed in a separate pen and observations made from time to time as to its condition and progress. Undipped scabby sheep were kept under observation for a similar length of time for the purpose of comparison. It has been deemed inexpedient to burden this bulletin with statistics or detailed data accumulated during the two years covered by these experiments. While some dips other than the coal-tar dips were employed, the experiment had to do largely with the latter class. The information contained the sections dealing with coal-tar creosote and cresol dips has been largely obtained through the co-operative experiments conducted by this Station and the Bureau of Animal Industry. These experiments have demonstrated that coal-tar dips properly prepared and which when diluted for use contained certain percentages of coal-tar oil and cresylic acid or cresylic acid alone are effective remedies against sheep scab

A Preliminary Report on the Fringed Tape Worm of Sheep

The increased number of inquiries received lead to the belief that a preliminary report setting forth our present knowledge of this parasite would be of value. While our record of autopsies shows that the fringed tapeworm of the intestines frequently inhabits the same individual, as the twisted stomach worm, it is to the former alone we desire to call attention. An adult worm measures from 15 to 30 cm. (5 15-16 to 11 7-8 in.) in length. In comparison with other species of tapeworm the head is large, about the size of a pin\u27s head, and provided with four distinct suckers. For the purpose of this report it is deemed neither advisable nor essential to enter into a minute description of the structure of this parasite. The possession of one peculiar and characteristic feature permits of the ready identification of the fringed tapeworm. The posterior border of each segment of the worm bears a fringe, giving a velvety appearance to the entire animal. If there is any doubt as to the identification, the presence of this fringe can be readily recognized by placing the worm in a small vial of water, thus causing the fringe to float out somewhat from the segments of the body

I. Pasture and Forage Plants for South Dakota II. Feeding Dairy Cows III. Flies IV. The Artesian Waters of South Dakota V. Some Destructive Insects VI. Elements of Prairie Horticulture

I. Pastuire and Forage Plants for South Dakota II. Feeding Dairy Cows III. Flies IV. The Artesian Waters of South Dakota V. Some Destructive Insects VI. Elements of Prairie Horticultur

How do factors of sociodemographic, health literacy and dementia experience influence carers’ knowledge of dementia?

Background Dementia is a life limiting disease following a progressive trajectory. As carers often become key decision makers, their knowledge of dementia will have health implications for the person living with dementia as well as carer’s psychological wellbeing. Aim To explore how sociodemographic factors, health literacy and dementia experience influence family carers knowledge about dementia. Method In this cross-sectional, mixed methods study, we interviewed 150 family carers and assessed their dementia knowledge using the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS). Linear regression analyses were used to examine whether health literacy, previous experiences of dementia, support group attendance and sociodemographic characteristics predicted knowledge. Sixteen carers also completed qualitative interviews which explored unmet information needs. Transcripts and field notes were thematically analysed. Results Most participants were partners (47%) or adult children (48%) and cared for someone with severe (32%) or moderate (43%) dementia. Mean DKAS scores were 34.8/50 (SD = 7.0, range = 17–48) reflecting 8/25 incorrect answers. Backwards elimination regression found greater dementia knowledge was associated with greater health literacy for appraising information (coef 3.48, 95% CI (1.38, 5.58); p = 0.001) and more years of education (coef 0.39, 95% CI (0.12, 0.65); p = 0.004). Although not significant, knowledge was slightly lower in those who attended a support group, and a trend was found between ability to understand health information and knowledge. Only 39% accurately identified dementia as life shortening, indicating notable gaps in knowledge. Four qualitative themes were identified; arm yourself with information, ability to steer through information, other experience of dementia can be helpful and the importance of relationships with health care professionals. Conclusions In an information age, vast amounts of information are available, but this can bring difficulties. Carers with more years of education and higher health literacy knew more about dementia. Professionals should consider how carers with lower health literacy can be supported through provision of timely, relevant information

Level-Spacing Distributions and the Bessel Kernel

The level spacing distributions which arise when one rescales the Laguerre or Jacobi ensembles of hermitian matrices is studied. These distributions are expressible in terms of a Fredholm determinant of an integral operator whose kernel is expressible in terms of Bessel functions of order $\alpha$. We derive a system of partial differential equations associated with the logarithmic derivative of this Fredholm determinant when the underlying domain is a union of intervals. In the case of a single interval this Fredholm determinant is a Painleve tau function.Comment: 18 pages, resubmitted to make postscript compatible, no changes to manuscript conten

Practical and emotional preparation for death: a mixed methods study investigating experiences of family carers of people with dementia

Background When family carers are more prepared for the end of the life of a person they care for, they report improved bereavement outcomes. Few studies have explored how carers prepare for the death of a person with dementia. We aimed to explore how carers for people with all stages of dementia experience preparing for end of life care and death. Methods This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study. Family carers of people with dementia (n = 150) completed a structured interview with validated scales, alongside questions about death preparedness and advance decisions. A sub-sample (n = 16) completed qualitative interviews exploring their experiences of planning for end of life. We fitted logistic regression models to explore associations with preparedness, and thematically analysed qualitative data. Results We addressed practical and emotional preparation separately for 143 participants. Fifty seven percent of participants were very practically prepared for death, while only 29% were very emotionally prepared. Male carers were more likely than female carers to report being very emotionally and practically prepared. Higher engagement with healthcare professionals was associated with feeling very practically prepared; although we found that formal discussions of end of life care issues with healthcare professionals did not impact carers’ feelings of preparation. Higher levels of dementia severity and carer depression were associated with feeling very emotionally prepared. Three qualitative themes related to practical and emotional preparation were identified: (1) ambiguity and uncertainty; (2) support from the system; and (3) how death is perceived by the carer. Conclusions While most carers felt practically prepared for death, emotional preparation was much lower. Further research is needed to understand how engagement with healthcare professionals or other forms of social or emotional support could help carers, particularly female carers, to emotionally prepare for their relative’s death